The document discusses the raw material requirements for producing iron via the blast furnace (BF) route. The key raw materials are iron ore, coke, sinter, and limestone. Iron ore provides the iron oxides, coke provides carbon as a fuel and reducing agent, sinter helps remove impurities from lower grade ores, and limestone is used to remove impurities forming a slag. The blast furnace is a large, lined shaft that uses hot air to promote chemical reactions between the raw materials, producing liquid iron and slag byproducts that are then tapped off and utilized.

1. RAW MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS
FOR FE MAKING VIA BF ROUTE
Musab ILyas
Abdul Wadood
Abdul Basit
Mehtab Ahmed
M. Bazil Khan
D-19-IN-31
D-19-IN-34
D-19-IN-37
D-19-IN-47
D-19-IN-67

2. IRON(Fe)
 Iron Is One Of The Most Common Elements On Earth.
 Nearly Every Construction Of Man Contains At Least A Little Iron.
 It Is Also One Of The Oldest Metals And Was First Fashioned Into Useful
And Ornamental Objects At Least 3,500 Years Ago.
 Pure Iron Is A Soft, Grayish-white Metal.
BLAST FURNACE
• The blast furnace which produces this pig iron is a large steel shell.
• It is nearly 100 feet high.
• Which is lined with a kind of brick that can stand a great amount of heat.

3. A blast furnace uses heat to convert iron oxides into liquid iron, which can
then be used for a variety of industrial applications. The blast furnace is a
brick-lined, stainless steel stack, which is heated using pre-heated air.
Limestone, coke and iron ore are placed in the blast furnace and heated.
The coke, limestone and iron react in the presence of heat, producing slag
and liquid iron. These liquids are then drained away and utilized elsewhere.
WORKING PROCESS OF BLAST FURNACE

4. FE2O3 + 3CO → 2FE + 3CO2
2 C(S) + O2(G) → 2 CO(G)
3 FE2O3(S) + CO(G) → 2 FE3O4(S) + CO2(G)
FE3O4(S) + CO(G) → 3 FEO(S) + CO2(G)
CACO3(S) → CAO(S) + CO2(G)
SIO2 + CAO → CASIO3
FEO(S) + CO(G) → FE(S) + CO2(G)
2CO ⇌ CO2 + C
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

5. RAW MATERIALS
The raw materials used to produce pig iron in a blast furnace are:
• iron ore
• Coke
• Sinter
• Limestone

6. Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted.
The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep
purple to rusty red. The iron is usually found in the form of magnetite (Fe3O4, 72.4%
Fe), hematite (Fe2O3, 69.9% Fe), goethite (FeO(OH), 62.9% Fe), limonite (FeO(OH)·n(H2O),
55% Fe) or siderite (FeCO3, 48.2% Fe).
Coke is a grey, hard, and porous fuel with a high carbon content and few impurities, made by
heating coal or oil in the absence of air a destructive distillation process. It is an important
industrial product, used mainly in iron ore smelting, but also as a fuel
in stoves and forges when air pollution is a concern.
Sinter is made of lesser grade, finely divided iron ore which, is roasted with coke and lime to
remove a large amount of the impurities in the ore.
Limestone is a carbonate sedimentary rock that is often composed of the skeletal fragments of
marine organisms such as coral, foraminifera, and molluscs. Its major materials are
the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium
carbonate (CaCO3). It occurs naturally and is a source of calcium carbonate.
Other metals are sometimes mixed with iron in the production of various forms of steel, such as
chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, and tungsten.

9. • The main advantages of a blast furnace are that it is a cost-effective
method of producing iron and steel, far cheaper than other methods.
• If done correctly, it can also be an opportunity to create energy.
• Blast furnace activity is also a continuous process, enabling large
amounts of iron oxide to be transformed into pure, molten iron in a
relatively short space of time.
• It also means that blast furnaces are relatively straight-forward to
automate, creating further cost savings.
BENEFITS OF BLAST FURNACE

10. THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!!!