There are two main methods for coal mining - surface or open-cast mining and underground mining. The choice of method depends on the depth of the coal deposit and thickness of material overlying it. Underground mining involves digging inclined or vertical entry tunnels into the deposit without removing the overburden rock, and then mining the coal using various methods like bord and pillar, longwall mining, etc. Open-cast mining involves removing the overburden rock and then excavating the coal deposits using equipment like shovels, draglines, surface miners. Singareni Collieries Company Ltd (SCCL) is one of the major coal producers in India operating in Godavari Valley coalfields of Andhra Pradesh since 1889.

1. Coal Mining-Methods

2. Mining Methods Coal is mined by two main methods - surface or ‘opencast’ mining and underground mining. The choice of method is largely determined by the geology of the coal deposit; the majority of the world's coal reserves are recoverable by underground mining.

3. The method used is determined by the depth of coal deposit and the overburden over it. In other words ratio of coal and overburden, decides the method. Underground Mining is to reach the deposit by inclined or vertical entries and without removing the overburden rock. mined out by various methods.

4. Mining Methods.. UNDER GROUND MINING Bord & Pillar (conventional hand section) Bord & Pillar (Semi-mechanised) Blasting Gallery method for thick seams Long wall Mining OPEN CAST MINING Shovel and Dumper Combination Draglines In-pit Crusher-Conveyor systems Surface Miner

5. Mining Methods.. Incline Excavator Shaft Mine Incline Mine Adit Mine Opencast Mine

6. PICTURE SHOWING AN INCLINE ENTRY INTO A SEAM

7. ENTRY THROUGH A SHAFT

8. A TYPICAL SHAFT MINE LAYOUT

9. BORD & PILLAR LAYOUT

10. DRILLING OPERATION IN THE COAL FACE

11. MANUAL COAL FILLING

12. LOAD HAUL DUMPER IN BLASTING GALLERY METHOD

13. MECHANIZED DRIVAGE MACHINES

14. SHEARER WORKING AT LONGWALL FACE

15. POWERED ROOF SUPPORT AT LONGWALL FACE

16. TYPICAL OPEN CAST MINE

17. BLASTING IN OPEN CAST BENCHES

18. ROPE SHOVEL AND DUMPER

19. HYDRAULIC SHOVEL AND DUMPER

20. OPENCAST MINE WITH DRAGLINE

21. OPENCAST MINE WITH DRAGLINE

22. OPENCAST WITH IN-PIT CRUSHER CONVEYOR TECHNOLOGY

23. OPENCAST WITH SURFACE MINER

24. ROLE OF SCCL AND POLICY ISSUES….

25. COAL MINING IN INDIA Commercial coal mining in India started in 1774 by M/s Sumner and Heatly of East India Company in the Raniganj Coalfield along the Western bank of river Damodar. On introduction of steam locomotives in 1853 production rose to an annual average of 1 million tonne.

26. COAL MINING IN INDIA National Coal Development Corporation (NCDC) was set up in 1956 . It was the first major step towards planned development of Indian Coal Industry. Singareni Collieries Company Ltd. (SCCL) is in operation since 1889 . Coking coal mines were nationalized in 1971-72. Non-coking coal mines were nationalized in 1973 .

27. NUMBER OF COAL MINES IN INDIA (2003-04) CIL 475 SCCL 67 TISCO 07 IISCO 03 DVC 01 BSMDC 01 J&K Minerals 03 Bengal Emta 01 Jindal Strips 01 Total 559 Source: MoC Website

28. Godavari Valley Coalfields stretch over an area of 350 Sq. Kms. Mines are located in Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal and Khammam Districts of Andhra Pradesh. ABOUT SCCL…

30. ANDHRA PRADESH

31. COAL BELTS OF GODAVARI VALLEY COAL FIELD

32. 1870: Dr. William King discovered coal in Singareni village (Khammam Dt.) 1889: Hyderabad (Deccan) co. incorporated in England and stocks were traded in London Stock Exchange. Coal mining started. ORIGINS…

33. 1920: Coal mining operations transferred to the new company and renamed as ‘ The Singareni Collieries Company Limited’. 1945: Nizam of Hyderabad took over, thus Singareni became first Government managed coal company. 1960: Govt. of India participated with 49% equity. ORIGINS…

34. 1948: Machine Mining ( Joy loader and shuttle cars). 1951: Electric coal drills. 1953: Electric cap lamps 1954: Flameproof electric equipment RICH HERITAGE Mile Stones….

35. 1975: Opencast mining 1979: Side Discharge Loaders 1981: Load Haul Dumpers and Road Headers 1983: Longwall mining Mile Stones….

36. 1986: Walking Dragline 1989: French Blasting Gallery method 1994: In-pit crushing and conveying 2002: Man-riding system in conventional mines 2003: Phasing out Manual Coal filling launched. Mile Stones….

37. OWNERSHIP… SCCL is the oldest PSU in the country in coal sector. Only Coal Company in Joint Sector with equity participation by A.P. State Government, Government of India 51% Equity is held by GoAP 49% Equity is held by GOI The Company is governed by a Plan-wise Tripartite Agreement between the GoAP, GoI and SCCL

38. SCCL’s Mission…. Excel in competitive environment. Optimise utilisation of resources. Conservation of natural resource of coal. Customer delight. Being model employer. Emphasis on protection of environment.

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