Alphabet(2)
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The document discusses traditional and postmodern views of alphabet books. Traditional books see language as a tool to describe an objective reality, with words fitting the world. Postmodern books see language as performative and material, creating reality rather than just describing it. Some postmodern books play with language, challenging categorization and showing words as physical presences that shape meaning.
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- Socrates disliked writing's rigidity and believed it could undermine memory and learning.
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Ang Wee Jin_MEL924_Assignment 3_Teaching Poetry Moves.pptx
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1) Deconstruction holds that language is ambiguous and unstable rather than a clear tool of communication, as meanings can slip and change based on emphasis, tone, and context.
2) The meanings of words and phrases are not fixed but rather fluid and dynamic, with any signifier able to reference multiple signifieds.
3) For deconstruction, literature similarly consists of overlapping and conflicting meanings that are undecidable, as different readers will derive various interpretations from a text.
SAPIRWHORF HYPOTHEIS
Human beings do not live alone in the world and language plays a key role in how people understand reality. According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, the language we speak completely determines how we think and perceive the world, with no true translation possible between languages. More moderate versions hold that language influences thought but does not determine it entirely, and different languages may influence how their speakers perceive some concepts like time, numbers, or colors. Many studies have investigated this hypothesis but have found both supporting and non-supporting evidence.
Structuralism
Structuralism is the name that is given to a wide range of discourses that study underlying structures of signification. Signification occurs wherever there is a meaningful event or in the practice of some meaningful action. Structuralism first comes to prominence as a specific discourse with the work of a Swiss linguist, Ferdinand de Saussure, who developed a branch of linguistics called "Structural Linguistics." Saussure died before he was able to publish his material but his material came to us by his students. The theory was still at a developmental stage then--and has remained in a developmental stage ever after.ย
Discourse Studies
This document discusses key concepts in discourse analysis including:
1) The difference between discourse and text, with discourse referring to language use in context and text being any written or spoken communication.
2) How coherence is created in texts through cohesive devices like reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion.
3) The relationship between words and meanings in semantics and how pragmatics studies language use in social contexts.
Creative reading (2)
The document discusses creative reading, literary appreciation, and oral interpretation. Creative reading involves reading material intensively to achieve deeper meaning beyond just the printed words. Literary appreciation relates to creative reading and involves personal and social viewpoints on literature. Oral interpretation is communicating literature to an audience through vocal techniques, body language, gestures, movement, and facial expressions.
Solving translation problems
Solving Translation Problems aimed at raising awareness of the presence of cultural elements in source texts, as well as providing tools that would increase effectiveness in translation.
Lesson 1: Translation as Negotiation between Cultures
Lesson 2: Identifying Translation Problems
1. Idiomatic Expressions
2. Jargon
3. Metaphoric Expressions
Lesson 3: How to Overcome Translation Problems
1. The principle of respect
2. The principle of adaptation
3. The synergy principle
Lesson 4: Further Solutions to Translation Problems
1. Reference gloss.
2. Sense gloss
3. Effect gloss.
Lesson 5: Conclusions
Creative Nonfiction Figure of speech
This document discusses figurative language techniques used in creative nonfiction writing. It identifies several techniques including imagery, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, personification, and allegory. For each technique, examples are provided. The document also discusses the five senses and corresponding types of imagery. Additional techniques like alliteration, irony, and rhetorical questions are covered. Finally, the document explains the functions and reasons for using literary devices in writing, such as helping readers visualize scenarios and experiences.
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๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ
โ โุฅุถุบ ุจูู ุฅูุฏููู
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ุฉ ุชุดุฑูุญ ุงูุฌูุงุฒ ุงูููููู (ูุธุฑู 3)
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3- ุฏูุฉ ุงููุชุงุจุฉ ูุงูุตูุฑ ุนุงููุฉ ุฌุฏุงู ุฌุฏุงู ุฌุฏุงู
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ุชูุถูุญูุง ุจุดูู ุชูุตููู ุฌุฏุงู (ุชูุนุชุจุฑ ูุฏู ุงูุทุงูุจ ุฃู ุงูุทุงูุจุฉ ุจุฅููุง ู
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Alphabet(2)
- 1. A is for Alphabet Books Traditional and Postmodern
- 2. Discussion question : What are alphabet books for ?
- 4. Alphabet books transmit cultural values. This illustration from Mary Azarianโs A Farmerโs Alphabet uses woodcuts, a nostalgic way to produce graphic art, to reinforce the nostalgia of the picture itself.
- 5. Discussion question: What cultural values do your books seem to communicate?
- 6. What do we mean by a philosophy of language? Does language tell and describe reality and the world? Or does it create and change that reality? Can thought exist independently of language?
- 8. J.L.Austin, in How to Do Things with Words , at first suggested that constatives and performatives were opposites. But later, he began to think of them as an historical continuum.
- 9. Traditional alphabet books offer no challenge to the words-to-world direction of fit. The world is objectively there, and we just need to find words to name the things we discover. For instance, look at these two images from John Burninghamโs ABC. No surprises here.
- 11. Postmodern Beginnings Postmodern alphabet books seek to disturb a ready relationship between words and the world. P ostmodern books seek to show the materiality of language in the world. This means that instead of a being simply a pointer to something beyond itself, or an transparent medium through which we learn about other things, language itself is a presence in the world and must be thought of as an actual part of the thing it describes .
- 13. After invoking the help of all of the letters of the alphabet to no avail, the Cat finally releases a sound beyond the alphabet to achieve the effect he needs.
- 15. Since language can be said to do all those things, and have all those effects, we call it material--that is, it has its own density and presence in the world .
- 17. Others emphasize languageโs performativity, and vulnerability: Chris Van Allsburg, The Z Was Zapped
- 18. Other author/illustrators are more inventive, and pose a greater challenge to traditional views of languageโs relationship to the world. Mitsumasa Anno, for instance, in Annoโs Alphabet: An Adventure in Imagination, presents language itself as material puzzle, or impossibility .
- 19. ย
- 20. A technique that shows that language is in fact a part of what it describes can be found in Mary Beth Owenโs A Caribou Alphabet. This technique also de-emphasizes the nature/culture dichotomy .
- 21. In Suse MacDonaldโs Alphabatics, the letters materialize into things in the world:
- 22. Language, freed of its primary function of referring to things outside itself, is thought of as self-referential.
- 24. Get into groups and look at your alphabet books. How does your book present the relationship between words and the world? Would you characterize it as modern or postmodern?