This is intended to be a two day workshop on RDA for individuals experienced with cataloging and MARC. This workshop will explore RDA with a specific focus on theories, practicalities, authority work, change highlights, and hands on cataloging. Formats covered will include monographs, serials, audio/visual materials, and online resources (integrating and monographs). The workshop will take the student through understanding the theories behind RDA and then cataloging by RDA standards.
FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) is a 1998 recommendation of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) to restructure catalog databases to reflect the conceptual structure of information resources
FRBR stands for Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records.
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records is a conceptual entity-relationship model developed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA).
A conceptual entity relationship model that relates user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogs and bibliographic databases from a user’s perspective.
A new conceptual model for bibliographic universe with a strong users focus .
The purpose of this entity relationship analysis was to discover the logical nature of bibliographic data in terms of entity, attributes and relationship.
Resource Description and Access (RDA), the cataloging standard developed to replace AACR2, will be released in June 2010, and a period of testing and evaluation of the new rules will begin. Join Emily Nimsakont, the NLC’s Cataloging Librarian, to learn the basics of RDA. Topics of discussion will include the goals and basic concepts of RDA, ways in which the new rules will differ from the current rules, and changes to MARC format related to RDA.
Evaluating a dictionary: is the process of judging or calculating the quality, importance, amount, or value of dictionary : Evaluation of this new treatment cannot take place until all the data has been collected.
This is intended to be a two day workshop on RDA for individuals experienced with cataloging and MARC. This workshop will explore RDA with a specific focus on theories, practicalities, authority work, change highlights, and hands on cataloging. Formats covered will include monographs, serials, audio/visual materials, and online resources (integrating and monographs). The workshop will take the student through understanding the theories behind RDA and then cataloging by RDA standards.
FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) is a 1998 recommendation of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) to restructure catalog databases to reflect the conceptual structure of information resources
FRBR stands for Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records.
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records is a conceptual entity-relationship model developed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA).
A conceptual entity relationship model that relates user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogs and bibliographic databases from a user’s perspective.
A new conceptual model for bibliographic universe with a strong users focus .
The purpose of this entity relationship analysis was to discover the logical nature of bibliographic data in terms of entity, attributes and relationship.
Resource Description and Access (RDA), the cataloging standard developed to replace AACR2, will be released in June 2010, and a period of testing and evaluation of the new rules will begin. Join Emily Nimsakont, the NLC’s Cataloging Librarian, to learn the basics of RDA. Topics of discussion will include the goals and basic concepts of RDA, ways in which the new rules will differ from the current rules, and changes to MARC format related to RDA.
Evaluating a dictionary: is the process of judging or calculating the quality, importance, amount, or value of dictionary : Evaluation of this new treatment cannot take place until all the data has been collected.
Bibliographical information plays an important role information retrieval for the research community particularly in the field of science and technology. But during the bibliographical information exchange certain problems arise and more when the information interchange is on magnetic tape or CD-ROM. Different international organisations such as UNESCO/PGI, UNISIST, ICSU, IFLA, ISO have taken many steps towards the standardisation of bibliographic exchange formats. The process of standardisation follows a set of codes given by International Standard Organisation (ISO).
Beyond MARC: BIBFRAME and the Future of Bibliographic DataEmily Nimsakont
The Bibliographic Framework Initiative, or BIBFRAME, is intended to provide a replacement to the MARC format as an encoding standard for library catalogs. Its aim is to move library data into a Linked Data format, allowing it to interact with other data on the Web. In this session, Emily Nimsakont, the NLC’s Cataloging Librarian, will cover the basics of BIBFRAME, describe what it can provide for users of library catalogs that MARC can’t, and outline what librarians should be aware of regarding this change in the cataloging landscape.
An introductory presentation on the concept of Library Classification by Dr. Keshava, Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, INDIA.
From: Linked Data: what cataloguers need to know. A CIG event. 25 November 2013, Birmingham. #cigld
http://www.cilip.org.uk/cataloguing-and-indexing-group/events/linked-data-what-cataloguers-need-know-cig-event
Accompanying write-up from Catalogue & Index 174: http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1449460/
Introduction to SKOS - Simple Knowledge Organization SystemFulvio Corno
An introduction to SKOS. The material is mostly taken from the Semantic Web Recommendations. Slides for the PhD Course on Semantic Web (http://elite.polito.it/).
Bibliographical information plays an important role information retrieval for the research community particularly in the field of science and technology. But during the bibliographical information exchange certain problems arise and more when the information interchange is on magnetic tape or CD-ROM. Different international organisations such as UNESCO/PGI, UNISIST, ICSU, IFLA, ISO have taken many steps towards the standardisation of bibliographic exchange formats. The process of standardisation follows a set of codes given by International Standard Organisation (ISO).
Beyond MARC: BIBFRAME and the Future of Bibliographic DataEmily Nimsakont
The Bibliographic Framework Initiative, or BIBFRAME, is intended to provide a replacement to the MARC format as an encoding standard for library catalogs. Its aim is to move library data into a Linked Data format, allowing it to interact with other data on the Web. In this session, Emily Nimsakont, the NLC’s Cataloging Librarian, will cover the basics of BIBFRAME, describe what it can provide for users of library catalogs that MARC can’t, and outline what librarians should be aware of regarding this change in the cataloging landscape.
An introductory presentation on the concept of Library Classification by Dr. Keshava, Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, INDIA.
From: Linked Data: what cataloguers need to know. A CIG event. 25 November 2013, Birmingham. #cigld
http://www.cilip.org.uk/cataloguing-and-indexing-group/events/linked-data-what-cataloguers-need-know-cig-event
Accompanying write-up from Catalogue & Index 174: http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1449460/
Introduction to SKOS - Simple Knowledge Organization SystemFulvio Corno
An introduction to SKOS. The material is mostly taken from the Semantic Web Recommendations. Slides for the PhD Course on Semantic Web (http://elite.polito.it/).
About the Webinar
In the new models for describing information resources (FRBR, RDA, BIBFRAME), the conceptual essence of an item—referred to as a "Work"—is separated from the specific manifestations of the item—referred to as "Instances" or "Expressions". The work “Macbeth by Shakespeare” could have multiple forms or versions and exist in a variety of media, from a print copy of the play to a DVD of a live performance. Of equal importance in the new models is describing the relationship between a Work and its various Instances/Expressions.This represents an entirely different way of thinking about resource description for libraries and users.
While the new models are still in the early days of implementation, a number of efforts are already underway to describe resources using these new concepts and relationships. This webinar will explore how metadata descriptive systems are developing around the new notion of “Works”.
There has been a significant rise in the inclusion of supplemental data and materials in the scholarly publication process over the last several years, creating challenges for publishers, libraries, repository managers, and users regarding the management, discovery, and use of these supplements. While online environments create new opportunities for sharing such data, the community must come to some agreement on how to balance the values and benefits behind the inclusion of supplemental data with the resources required for its management and use. This webinar, Part 1 of a two-part NISO series on data, will address the definition of supplemental data, discuss how it may affect the peer review and publication process, and show examples of how information services are handling their accessibility.
Implementing the Open Government Directive using the technologies of the Soci...George Thomas
This presentation demonstrates the use of Semantic Web technologies with Social Networking tools, considering metadata specifications as Social Media. Example ontologies and instance data from the Capital Planning and Investment Control and Business Motivation are created that link 'what' (Agency IT investments) with 'why' (Agency goals and objectives), using a simple linking ontology. Knowledge Workers use a Semantic Halo Mediawiki to curate the data.
February 18 2015 NISO Virtual Conference Scientific Data Management: Caring for Your Institution and its Intellectual Wealth
Learning to Curate Research Data
Jennifer Doty, Research Data Librarian, Emory Center for Digital Scholarship, Emory University, Robert W. Woodruff Library
Over the last 10 years, the status of educational metadata, specifically
as they relate to learning objects, has changed radically. In the heady
days of the turn of the millennium, learning objects and their metadata
were seen as being destined to forever change the shape and form of
learning; by 2007, this approach has been derisively labeled "industrialist", and said to be quickly running "out of steam."
Given such drastic changes, how are metadata to be understood in the context
of different and emerging approaches to online learning resources, above
all those labelled 'open'? This question will be the focus of this presentation by Dr. Norm Friesen, Canada Research Chair in E-Learning Practices at Thompson Rivers University and Director of the CanCore
Initiative. Dr. Friesen will consider a number of alternatives to "learning object metadata." Dr. Friesen will conclude his
presentation by discussing an alternative that incorporates both high tech and ow tech approaches --one that is currently under
development as a multi-part international standard under the auspices of ISO (the
International Organization for Standardization).
Riley, Jenn. "Metadata for your Digital Collections." Workshop sponsored by the Indiana Cooperative Library Services Authority (INCOLSA), March 6, 2007, Indianapolis, IN.
Some Options for Non-MARC Descriptive MetadataJenn Riley
Riley, Jenn. "Some Options for Non-MARC Descriptive Metadata." Presentation to Indiana University Library Technical Services Cataloging Division, December 9, 2008.
Slides prepared for the DC Architecture Working Group meeting at the DC-2006 conference held in Manzanillo, Mexico in October 2006. (Note that not all these slides were used during the meeting - but they were ready to be used if necessary!)
How to describe a dataset. Interoperability issuesValeria Pesce
Presented by Valeria Pesce during the pre-meeting of the Agricultural Data Interoperability Interest Group (IGAD) of the Research Data Alliance (RDA), held on 21 and 22 September 2015 in Paris at INRA.
The tools of our trade: AACR2/RDA and MARCAnn Chapman
Guest lecture at London Metropolitan University on 13th March 2009. The lecture covered the history behind RDA, the international collaborative process by which it is being developed, an overview of the text and a look at the RDA approach to cataloguing; this was followed by an overview of the history and development process for the MARC format.
Structured Dynamics provides 'ontology-driven applications'. Our product stack is geared to enable the semantic enterprise. The products are premised on preserving and leveraging existing information assets in an incremental, low-risk way. SD's products span from converters to authoring environments to Web services middleware and to eventual ontologies and user interfaces and applications.
Designing the Garden: Getting Grounded in Linked DataJenn Riley
Riley, Jenn. “Designing the Garden: Getting Grounded in Linked Data.” Beyond the Looking Glass: Real World Linked Data. What Does it Take to Make it Work? ALCTS Preconference, San Francisco, CA, June 26, 2015.
Riley, Jenn. “Launching metaware.buzz.” Panelist, Experimental Scholarly Publishing: Building New Models with Distributed Communities of Practice”, Digital Library Federation Forum, October 28, 2014, Atlanta, GA.
Riley, Jenn. “Getting Comfortable with Metadata Reuse.” O Rare! Performance in Special Collections: The 54th Annual RBMS Preconference, Minneapolis, June 23 – 26, 2013
The Open Archives Initiative and the Sheet Music ConsortiumJenn Riley
Dunn, Jon and Jenn Riley. “The Open Archives Initiative and the Sheet Music Consortium.” Digital Library Program Brown Bag Presentation, October 10, 2003.
Cushman Exposed! Exploiting Controlled Vocabularies to Enhance Browsing and S...Jenn Riley
Dalmau, Michelle and Jenn Riley. "Cushman Exposed! Exploiting Controlled Vocabularies to Enhance Browsing and Searching of an Online Photograph Collection." Digital Library Program Brown Bag Presentation, May 17, 2004.
Handout for Merging Metadata from Multiple Traditions: IN Harmony Sheet Music...Jenn Riley
Riley, Jenn. "Merging Metadata from Multiple Traditions: IN Harmony Sheet Music from Libraries and Museums." Digital Library Program Brown Bag Presentation, October 19, 2005.
Merging Metadata from Multiple Traditions: IN Harmony Sheet Music from Librar...Jenn Riley
Riley, Jenn. "Merging Metadata from Multiple Traditions: IN Harmony Sheet Music from Libraries and Museums." Digital Library Program Brown Bag Presentation, October 19, 2005.
Challenges in the Nursery: Linking a Finding Aid with Online ContentJenn Riley
Johnson, Elizabeth, and Jenn Riley. "Challenges in the Nursery: Linking a Finding Aid with Online Content." Digital Library Program Brown Bag Presentation, March 8, 2006.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Alphabet Soup: Choosing Among DC, QDC, MARC, MARCXML, and MODS
1. Alphabet Soup:
Choosing Among DC, QDC,
MARC, MARCXML, and MODS
Jenn Riley
IU Metadata Librarian
DLP Brown Bag Series
February 25, 2005
2. Descriptive metadata
Enables users to find relevant materials
Used by many different knowledge domains
Many potential representations
Controlled by
Data structure standards
Data content standards
Data value standards
3. Some data structure standards
Dublin Core (DC)
Unqualified (simple)
Qualified
MAchine Readable Cataloging (MARC)
MARC in XML (MARCXML)
Metadata Object Description Schema
(MODS)
4. How do I pick one?
Genre of materials being described
Format of materials being described
Nature of holding institution
Robustness needed for the given materials and users
What others in the community are doing
Describing original vs. digitized item
Mechanisms for providing relationships between records
Plan for interoperability, including repeatability of
elements
Formats supported by your delivery software
More information on handout
5. Dublin Core (DC)
15-element set
National and international standard
2001: Released as ANSI/NISO Z39.85
2003: Released as ISO 15836
Maintained by the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
(DCMI)
Other players
DCMI Working Groups
DC Usage Board
6. DCMI mission
The mission of DCMI is to make it easier to
find resources using the Internet through the
following activities:
Developing metadata standards for discovery
across domains,
Defining frameworks for the interoperation of
metadata sets, and,
Facilitating the development of community- or
disciplinary-specific metadata sets that are
consistent with items 1 and 2
7. DC Principles
“Core” across all knowledge domains
No element required
All elements repeatable
1:1 principle
9. Content/value standards for DC
None required
Some elements recommend a content
or value standard as a best practice
Relation
Source
Subject
Type
Coverage
Date
Format
Language
Identifier
10. Some limitations of DC
Can’t indicate a main title vs. other
subordinate titles
No method for specifying creator roles
W3CDTF format can’t indicate date ranges
or uncertainty
Can’t by itself provide robust record
relationships
11. Good times to use DC
Cross-collection searching
Cross-domain discovery
Metadata sharing
Describing some types of simple resources
Metadata creation by novices
13. Qualified Dublin Core (QDC)
Adds some increased specificity to Unqualified
Dublin Core
Same governance structure as DC
Same encodings as DC
Same content/value standards as DC
Listed in DMCI Terms
Additional principles
Extensibility
Dumb-down principle
14. Types of DC qualifiers
Additional elements
Element refinements
Encoding schemes
Vocabulary encoding schemes
Syntax encoding schemes
16. Limitations of QDC
Widely misunderstood
No method for specifying creator roles
W3CDTF format can’t indicate date ranges
or uncertainty
Split across 3 XML schemas
No encoding in XML officially endorsed by
DCMI
17. Best times to use QDC
More specificity needed than simple DC,
but not a fundamentally different approach
to description
Want to share DC with others, but need a
few extensions for your local environment
Describing some types of simple resources
Metadata creation by novices
19. MAchine Readable Cataloging
(MARC)
Format for the records in IUCAT and other
OPACs
Used for library metadata since 1960s
Adopted as national standard in 1971
Adopted as international standard in 1973
Maintained by:
Network Development and MARC Standards Office at
the Library of Congress
Standards and the Support Office at the National
Library of Canada
20. More about MARC
Actually a family of MARC standards throughout
the world
U.S. & Canada use MARC21
Structured as a binary interchange format
ANSI/NISO Z39.2
ISO 2709
Field names
Numeric fields
Alphabetic subfields
21. Content/value standards for MARC
None required by the format itself
But US record creation practice relies
heavily on:
AACR2r
ISBD
LCNAF
LCSH
22. Limitations of MARC
Use of all its potential is time-consuming
OPACs don’t make full use of all possible
data
OPACs virtually the only systems to use
MARC data
Requires highly-trained staff to create
Local practice differs greatly
23. Good times to use MARC
Integration with other records in OPAC
Resources are like those traditionally found
in library catalogs
Maximum compatibility with other libraries
is needed
Have expert catalogers for metadata
creation
25. MARC in XML (MARCXML)
Copies the exact structure of MARC21 in
an XML syntax
Numeric fields
Alphabetic subfields
Implicit assumption that content/value
standards are the same as in MARC
26. Limitations of MARCXML
Not appropriate for direct data entry
Extremely verbose syntax
Full content validation requires tools
external to XML Schema conformance
27. Best times to use MARCXML
As a transition format between a MARC record
and another XML-encoded metadata format
Materials lend themselves to library-type
description
Need more robustness than DC offers
Want XML representation to store within larger
digital object but need lossless conversion to
MARC
29. Metadata Object Description
Schema (MODS)
Developed and managed by the Library of
Congress Network Development and
MARC Standards Office
First released for trial use June 2002
MODS 3.0 released December 2003
“Schema for a bibliographic element set
that may be used for a variety of purposes,
and particularly for library applications.”
30. Differences between MODS and
MARC
MODS is “MARC-like” but intended to be
simpler
Textual tag names
Encoded in XML
Some specific changes
Some regrouping of elements
Removes some elements
Adds some elements
31. Content/value standards for MODS
Many elements indicate a given
content/value standard should be used
Generally follows MARC/AACR2/ISBD
conventions
But not all enforced by the MODS XML
schema
Authority attribute available on many
elements
32. Limitations of MODS
No lossless round-trip conversion from and
to MARC
Still largely implemented by library
community only
Some semantics of MARC lost
33. Good times to use MODS
Materials lend themselves to library-type
description
Want to reach both library and non-library
audiences
Need more robustness than DC offers
Want XML representation to store within
larger digital object
35. Mapping between metadata formats
Also called “crosswalking”
To create “views” of metadata for specific
purposes
Mapping from robust format to more
general format is common
Mapping from general format to more
robust format is ineffective
36. Types of mapping logic
Mapping the complete contents of one field to
another
Splitting multiple values in a single local field into
multiple fields in the target schema
Translating anomalous local practices into a more
generally useful value
Splitting data in one field into two or more fields
Transforming data values
Boilerplate values to include in output schema
37. Common mapping pitfalls
Cramming in too much information
Leaving in trailing punctuation
Missing context of records
Meaningless placeholder data
ALWAYS remember the purpose of the
metadata you are creating!
38. No, really, which one do I pick?
It depends. Sorry.
Be as robust as you can afford
Plan for future uses of the metadata you
create
Leverage existing expertise as much as
possible
Focus on content and value standards as
much as possible
39. More information
Dublin Core
DC Element Set version 1.1
DCMI Metadata Terms
MODS
MARC
MARCXML
40. Questions?
Jenn Riley, Metadata Librarian, IU Digital
Library Program: jenlrile@indiana.edu
These presentation slides:
<http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~jenlrile/presentations/bbspr05/descMDBB/>
Editor's Notes
Extensibility: via Application Profiles and local qualifiers. Local qualifiers maybe not kosher but there are no metadata police. Usually.
Recommended: Elements, Element Refinements, and DCMI-maintained Vocabulary Terms (e.g., member terms of the DCMI Type Vocabulary) useful for resource discovery across domains.
Conforming: Elements, Element Refinements and Application Profiles may be assigned a status of conforming. Elements and Element Refinements assigned a status of conforming are those for which an implementation community has a demonstrated need and which conform to the grammar of Elements and Element Refinements, though without necessarily meeting the stricter criteria of usefulness across domains or usefulness for resource discovery.
Obsolete: For Elements and Element Refinements that have been superseded, deprecated, or rendered obsolete. Such terms will remain in the registry for use in interpreting legacy metadata.
Registered: Used for Vocabulary Encoding Schemes and language translations for which the DCMI provides information but not necessarily a specific recommendation.