The document discusses the structure and components of a library circulation system. It covers objectives of circulation work like tracking books that are borrowed and returned. It describes different circulation systems like register, card, and automated systems. Key aspects covered include user registration, charging and discharging books, interlibrary loans, circulation functions, policies, and management.

1. CIRCULATION CONTROL
Structure of Circulation Control
TRIBHUVAN
UNIVERSITY
Department:
Library
&
Information
Science
Class:
(M.LI.Sc.)
Paper:
Library
&
Management
Unit
No. 1
Presented By:
Mahendra Prasad Adhikari
Roll: 20 - 1st Sem.

2. RELATIONS OF CIRCULATION
1. INTRODUCTION
2. OBJECTIVES
3. SYSTEMS
a. Circulation System
b. User’s Registration
c. Charging and Discharging
4. INTER LIBRARY LOAN
5. FUNCTIONS
6. CONTROL PROCESS
7. POLICIES
8. MANAGEMENT

3. INTRODUCTION
• The primary responsibility of libraries to circulate
books, i.e., permit readers to borrow them for home
reading. Circulation involves keeping records of books
that are borrowed, to whom they have been lent, for
how long, etc., in addition to a system of issue and
return of books at the circulation counter. There are
also provisions in a circulation system to get a bock
renewed or to reserve a book for obtaining it on loan.
• In circulation service related to its policies, rules and
regulations support to fulfil the objectives of library.
Service and functions can be proper control in
differently according to adopted systems

4. OBJECTIVES OF CIRCULATION WORK / SERVICES
If a particular book has been used or not?
If issued, then
a) To whom it has been issued?
b) When is it due for return?
c) Which books have not been returned in time?
d) Statistics of the issued books.
e) To whom a certain book is issued?
f) Identification of a particular reader.
g) How many books can a particular reader borrow?
h) To whom loan book has been given?

5. i) How many books are issued to a particular reader?
j) For how many days a particular reader can keep a
book?
k) For how many days a particular book has been
issued?
l) How much overdue charge is due from a particular
reader?
m) How much fine has been collected on a particular
day?
n) Which reader has reserved a particular book?
o) How many books have been reserved by the readers?

6. Types of Circulation Systems
• Register(daybook, ledger)
• Dummy,
• card,
• Machine,
• Photographic (Photo
charging),
• audio,
• Others(Punched card,
• visible record,
• IBM,
• IBM modification,
• Wayne county,
• Date Tab charging,
• signal Tab,
• Ink Tab,
• Scotch Tape,
• Tab Pocket,
• Double record,
• Double call slip(Missouri &
Columbia ),
• Accession Number,
• Colure card)etc.
A. Unpopular/ Failure

7. 1. Charging and Discharging
a) Browne system:
b) Newark system:
2. Semi-Mechanical Systems
3. Automated Circulation
Integrated Software Systems
4. RFID System
6. User registration Systems
a) By Standard card fill-ups
b) By application
c) By form
d) By Online
7. User may be Eligible By
a) Admission bill
b) Recommended by faculty HOD
c) When show identity Card
d) Verify by academic, administration,
library committee, etc.
B. POPULAR CIRCULATION SYSTEMS

8. Registration of membership
a) The new students have to visit the library with their fee receipt and
passport size photograph which they have to show at the circulation
counter.
b) They are given an Application Form (shown below) to fill:
c) After they fill the form, they are given the membership ID number and are
asked to collect their Library ID Card and tickets after 3-4 days. The reader
tickets are non-transferable. The Library ID Card bears the student’s
photograph, name, address and ID number.
d) Loss of Library Card
i. Filing of FIR
ii. Payment of fine
iii. Application for the re-issue

9. CHARGING SYSTEMS
Browne Charging Systems / Methods
(Tickets or Pockets and Token) devised by (Nina E. Browne, Librarian of
library Bureau in Boston and secretary of ALA)
a) Browne System This system was devised by Nina E.
Browne. It involves the following steps:
b) For charging, the book card is removed from the book and
placed in the borrower’s ticket which has her/his name,
address and registration no. /ID no.
c) The borrower’s ticket with book card is filed under the
date by the call number.

10. d) The due date (date on which the borrower is supposed to return
the book) is stamped on the due date slip and the charged book is
given to the reader.
e) When the book is returned, the due date /issue date is checked
from the due date slip.
f) The book card with the borrower’s ticket is taken out from the
date guide card in the charging tray. The due date /issue date is
cancelled on the due date slip and borrower’s ticket is returned to
the reader. The book card is inserted into the book pocket.
g) If the book is returned after the due date, overdue fine is
calculated, the reader is asked to pay the overdue fine.

11. Newark Charging Systems / Methods
Introduced by John Cotton Dana he was librarian of USA (Newark of New Jersey state
in USA,1900AD)
a) Newark System This system also involves borrower’s cards and
book cards. The following steps are involved in this system:
b) For charging, the due date is stamped on the due date slip.
c) The due date is also stamped on the book card and the borrower
card.
d) The borrower’s ID no. is written opposite the date in the book card
and filed

12. e) behind the concerned date guide card.
f) When the book is returned, the date of return is
stamped on the borrower’s card. The borrower’s card is
given back to the reader.
g) The book card is taken out from the circulation file
from the date on the date slip and placed on the book
pocket.
h) If the book is returned after the due date, the fine is
calculated and collected from the borrower; after the
fine is collected, the date of return is stamped.

13. a) Interlibrary loan is sharing of documents among the libraries.
b) The books or documents which are very much in demand or
circulation are not given on interlibrary loan.
c) Reference books, rare books, bound periodicals; current issues of
periodicals are also not given on interlibrary loan.
d) The activity of calling the book back in to the library is known as
recalling.
e) Fines are levied on students in order to make them more responsible
towards the library items.
Need of Inter library Loan

14. FUNCTIONS OF CIRCULATION
• User registration / users card preparation
• Book Shelving / Stock maintenance
• Charging and Discharging (Issue / Return)
• Inter-library Loan (ILL)
• Data Collection: for Statistics / Report / Record
• Circulation Management: ( environment control,
cost and benefit, evaluation of equipment, activities,
operation, efficiency, satisfaction etc.)
• Book list collection (user’s point of view)
• Controlling process

15. • Coordinate other section (Technical /non technical)
• Calculate fine : (overdue, damage, replacement cost),
• Maintenance of : Gate register, Statistics register,
property counters, Lockers, lost items, Damage item,
Delinquent account, equipment , circulation related
furniture , Bay guide / Location, renew, recall,
reservation, reminder, notification, prepared repairing
books list, database system, Software, reissue card
• Charge: Over due, Theft item, Holds/Reservation, Over
night, course reserve,
• Hospitality Behaviour: User’s guide, / Good
response to users and new comers
Controlling Processes

16. Policies / Rules & regulations:
Policy decisions are also determined to define the borrowing privileges of different
categories of members, i.e., what types of documents (textbooks, monographs,
loose issues of journals can be borrowed by registered borrowers (students, faculty,
researchers, management in University libraries) and the length of time for which
the user may keep the borrowed material according to rules.
• USER: Types of membership, Users categories, Eligible Borrowers
a) Current employees, including faculty, administrators, and staff and Faculty
Emeriti
b) Currently enrolled students in campus, off-campus, and if available online
academic programs
• Charge: Late fee, item lost, damage of item, other charge
• Users facilities: Issued item quantity, Due date, Renewal, Recall,
Reservation, Issuing quantity, / Due date/ loan period, Inter library loan,

17. Continued of Policy / Rules…
• Delinquent Accounts: A week before the end of
each semester, the Library sends all unpaid library
fines and fees for lost items to the Library Office which
are then added to each delinquent borrower’s Library
account. Students are not allowed to graduate or
receive a transcript until their Library account,
including library fines and fees for lost items, library
clearance, is paid in full.
• Hospitality: User’s guide, / Good response to users
and new comers
• Rules : Clear , Simple & short according to the
objectives of library

18. Circulation Management
1. Circulation activity,
2. environment of the library,
3. circulation periodically reviewed view of the available technology,
4. cost benefit analysis, system study,
5. evaluating circulation systems,
6. Capital equipment,
7. labor and material,
8. benefits as patron satisfaction,
9. operational efficiency and economy, and
10. statistical information,
11. and objective of five laws of library science