This is the basic introductory presentation for beginners. It gives you the idea about what is image processing means. The presentation consists of introduction to digital image processing, image enhancement, image filtering, finding an image edge, image analysis, tools for image processing and finally some application of digital image processing.
This is the basic introductory presentation for beginners. It gives you the idea about what is image processing means. The presentation consists of introduction to digital image processing, image enhancement, image filtering, finding an image edge, image analysis, tools for image processing and finally some application of digital image processing.
Lecture 1 for Digital Image Processing (2nd Edition)Moe Moe Myint
-What is Digital Image Processing?
-The Origins of Digital Image Processing
-Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing
-Fundamentals Steps in Digital Image Processing
-Components of an Image Processing System
Segmentation
Active Contours
Split and Merge
Watershed
Region Splitting and Merging
Graph-based Segmentation
Mean shift and Model finding
Normalized Cut
Pixel transforms,
Color transforms,
Histogram processing & equalization ,
Filtering,
Convolution,
Fourier transformation and its applications in sharpening,
Blurring and noise removal
Features Detection
Edge Detection
Corner Detection
Line and Curve Detection
Active Contours
SIFT and HOG Descriptors
Shape Context Descriptors
Morphological Operations
Here in the ppt a detailed description of Image Enhancement Techniques is given which includes topics like Basic Gray level Transformations,Histogram Processing.
Enhancement using Arithmetic/Logic Operations.
image averaging and image averaging methods.
Piecewise-Linear Transformation Functions
Introduction, History
Application in different fields like CAD, schematic capture, medicine, art etc.
Hardware concepts
2-D and 3-D algorithms
Line drawing, viewing transformations, other transforms (scaling, rotation, translation)
Curve Modeling
Mathematics of generation of parametric cureve like Bazier, Spline, Hermite
3D Object Modeling
Visible Surface Detection and Surface Rendering
Introduction to Animation
Text Book
Computer Graphics C Version – Hearn & Baker
Multimedia data and information must be stored in a disk file using formats similar to image file formats. Multimedia formats, however, are much more complex than most other file formats because of the wide variety of data they must store. Such data includes text, image data, audio and video data, computer animations, and other forms of binary data, such as Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI), control information, and graphical fonts. (See the "MIDI Standard" section later in this chapter.) Typical multimedia formats do not define new methods for storing these types of data. Instead, they offer the ability to store data in one or more existing data formats that are already in general use.
For example, a multimedia format may allow text to be stored as PostScript or Rich Text Format (RTF) data rather than in conventional ASCII plain-text format. Still-image bitmap data may be stored as BMP or TIFF files rather than as raw bitmaps. Similarly, audio, video, and animation data can be stored using industry-recognized formats specified as being supported by that multimedia file format.
This presentation contains concepts of different image restoration and reconstruction techniques used nowadays in the field of digital image processing. Slides are prepared from Gonzalez book and Pratt book.
This slides about brief Introduction to Image Restoration Techniques. How to estimate the degradation function, noise models and its probability density functions.
It is the basic introduction of how the images will be captured and converted form analog to digital format by using sampling and quantization process and further algorithms will be apply on the digitized image.
Lecture 1 for Digital Image Processing (2nd Edition)Moe Moe Myint
-What is Digital Image Processing?
-The Origins of Digital Image Processing
-Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing
-Fundamentals Steps in Digital Image Processing
-Components of an Image Processing System
Segmentation
Active Contours
Split and Merge
Watershed
Region Splitting and Merging
Graph-based Segmentation
Mean shift and Model finding
Normalized Cut
Pixel transforms,
Color transforms,
Histogram processing & equalization ,
Filtering,
Convolution,
Fourier transformation and its applications in sharpening,
Blurring and noise removal
Features Detection
Edge Detection
Corner Detection
Line and Curve Detection
Active Contours
SIFT and HOG Descriptors
Shape Context Descriptors
Morphological Operations
Here in the ppt a detailed description of Image Enhancement Techniques is given which includes topics like Basic Gray level Transformations,Histogram Processing.
Enhancement using Arithmetic/Logic Operations.
image averaging and image averaging methods.
Piecewise-Linear Transformation Functions
Introduction, History
Application in different fields like CAD, schematic capture, medicine, art etc.
Hardware concepts
2-D and 3-D algorithms
Line drawing, viewing transformations, other transforms (scaling, rotation, translation)
Curve Modeling
Mathematics of generation of parametric cureve like Bazier, Spline, Hermite
3D Object Modeling
Visible Surface Detection and Surface Rendering
Introduction to Animation
Text Book
Computer Graphics C Version – Hearn & Baker
Multimedia data and information must be stored in a disk file using formats similar to image file formats. Multimedia formats, however, are much more complex than most other file formats because of the wide variety of data they must store. Such data includes text, image data, audio and video data, computer animations, and other forms of binary data, such as Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI), control information, and graphical fonts. (See the "MIDI Standard" section later in this chapter.) Typical multimedia formats do not define new methods for storing these types of data. Instead, they offer the ability to store data in one or more existing data formats that are already in general use.
For example, a multimedia format may allow text to be stored as PostScript or Rich Text Format (RTF) data rather than in conventional ASCII plain-text format. Still-image bitmap data may be stored as BMP or TIFF files rather than as raw bitmaps. Similarly, audio, video, and animation data can be stored using industry-recognized formats specified as being supported by that multimedia file format.
This presentation contains concepts of different image restoration and reconstruction techniques used nowadays in the field of digital image processing. Slides are prepared from Gonzalez book and Pratt book.
This slides about brief Introduction to Image Restoration Techniques. How to estimate the degradation function, noise models and its probability density functions.
It is the basic introduction of how the images will be captured and converted form analog to digital format by using sampling and quantization process and further algorithms will be apply on the digitized image.
Technology Trends in Libraries - Today & TomorrowRachel Vacek
This presentation discusses the basic concepts of Web 2.0 and how they are being used in libraries. It provides examples of these concepts, and emphasizes that over the next several years, the concepts of Web 2.0 (collaboration, participation, tagging, community, etc.) will only grow, but the actual technologies themselves will change.
Digitization Basics for Archives and Special Collections – Part 1: Select and...WiLS
Josh Hickman, Digital Resources Librarian, Beloit College
This is the first part of a two-part, full-day workshop introducing the core elements of creating digital collections of historic photographs, documents and other archival materials. Part 1 focuses on selecting materials to digitize and the basics of reformatting. We’ll start with some recommendations for planning a successful project and consider how your digital collections can fit into the statewide and national landscape of digital content. We’ll discuss copyright concerns in order to help you answer the question “CAN I put this online?” And we’ll explore the vocabulary of digital images, including pixels, resolution and bit depth as well as tools and best practices for scanning photographs and documents.
Wondering about using PNG or JPG or BMP or GIF. This presentation will answer all your queries related to designing digital images and which formats are best while saving them..
Terms like raster images, vector images, vectors, alpha channels, transparency, palettes, compression are explained here.
Designing the Garden: Getting Grounded in Linked DataJenn Riley
Riley, Jenn. “Designing the Garden: Getting Grounded in Linked Data.” Beyond the Looking Glass: Real World Linked Data. What Does it Take to Make it Work? ALCTS Preconference, San Francisco, CA, June 26, 2015.
Riley, Jenn. “Launching metaware.buzz.” Panelist, Experimental Scholarly Publishing: Building New Models with Distributed Communities of Practice”, Digital Library Federation Forum, October 28, 2014, Atlanta, GA.
Riley, Jenn. “Getting Comfortable with Metadata Reuse.” O Rare! Performance in Special Collections: The 54th Annual RBMS Preconference, Minneapolis, June 23 – 26, 2013
The Open Archives Initiative and the Sheet Music ConsortiumJenn Riley
Dunn, Jon and Jenn Riley. “The Open Archives Initiative and the Sheet Music Consortium.” Digital Library Program Brown Bag Presentation, October 10, 2003.
Cushman Exposed! Exploiting Controlled Vocabularies to Enhance Browsing and S...Jenn Riley
Dalmau, Michelle and Jenn Riley. "Cushman Exposed! Exploiting Controlled Vocabularies to Enhance Browsing and Searching of an Online Photograph Collection." Digital Library Program Brown Bag Presentation, May 17, 2004.
Handout for Merging Metadata from Multiple Traditions: IN Harmony Sheet Music...Jenn Riley
Riley, Jenn. "Merging Metadata from Multiple Traditions: IN Harmony Sheet Music from Libraries and Museums." Digital Library Program Brown Bag Presentation, October 19, 2005.
Merging Metadata from Multiple Traditions: IN Harmony Sheet Music from Librar...Jenn Riley
Riley, Jenn. "Merging Metadata from Multiple Traditions: IN Harmony Sheet Music from Libraries and Museums." Digital Library Program Brown Bag Presentation, October 19, 2005.
Challenges in the Nursery: Linking a Finding Aid with Online ContentJenn Riley
Johnson, Elizabeth, and Jenn Riley. "Challenges in the Nursery: Linking a Finding Aid with Online Content." Digital Library Program Brown Bag Presentation, March 8, 2006.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2. What we’ll cover
Introduction
Technical overview
Best practices for capture
Workflow considerations
3. What we’ll cover
Introduction
Technical overview
Best practices for capture
Workflow considerations
4. Digitization in context
Can be one of the easier parts of
digital projects but still requires careful
planning
If it’s done poorly your whole project
will suffer
Can be done in-house or outsourced
5. Types of photographic materials
Reflective
Prints
Transparent (film)
Negative
Positive
All come in various sizes
6. What we’ll cover
Introduction
Technical overview
Best practices for capture
Workflow considerations
8. Analog to digital conversion
Image is converted to
a series of pixels laid
out in a grid
Each pixel has a
specific color,
represented by a
sequence of 1s and 0s
Pixel-based images
are called “raster”
images or “bitmaps”
9. Resolution (1)
Often referred to as “dpi” or “ppi”
RATIO of number of pixels captured
per inch of original photo size
8x10 print scanned at 300ppi = 2400 x
3000 pixels
35mm slide (24x36mm!) scanned at
300ppi ≈ 212 x 318 pixels
10. Resolution (2)
“Spatial resolution” refers to pixel
dimensions of image, e.g., 3000 x
2400 pixels
Flatbed and film scanners have a fixed
focus, so they know how big the
original is; digital cameras don’t
11. Resolution (3)
Optical vs. interpolated
Optical is the number of sensors in the scanning
array – what the scanner actually “sees”
Interpolated is a higher resolution - the number
of pixels the software can make up based on
what the scanner actually saw
Don’t set a scanner to use higher than its optical
resolution
12. Bit depth (1)
Refers to number of bits (binary digits,
places for zeroes and ones) devoted
to storing color information about each
pixel
1 bit (1) = 21
= 2 shades (black & white)
2 bit (01) = 22
= 4 shades
4 bit (0010) = 24
= 16 shades
8 bit (11010001) = 28
= 256 shades
13. Bit depth (2)
1 bit (black & white) 2 bit (4 colors)
4 bit (16 colors) 8 bit (256 colors)
14. Color
RGB
Scanners generally have sensors for Red,
Green, and Blue
Each of these “channels” is stored separately in
the digital file
8 bits for each channel = 24 bit color
CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black)
is used for high-end “pre-press” printing
purposes
15. Compression
Makes files smaller for storage
Files must be decompressed for
viewing – this takes time
Lossless
Lossy
“visually lossless”
17. What we’ll cover
Introduction
Technical overview
Best practices for capture
Workflow considerations
18. Best practices for capture
General considerations
Resolution
Color
Image processing
File formats
19. General considerations
Determine purpose
Capture once, use many times
Create “master” image when scanning
Create “derivatives” for specific uses later
Scan from earliest generation practical
Some imaging programs use color bars or
rulers for future reference
Train scanner operators in correct handling
of materials
20. Determining resolution (1)
Charts can be good starting points
Western States handout
Other standards/best practices listed on
bibliography at end of presentation
Current thinking is that master files for
photographic materials should be
3000-5000 pixels on their longest side
21. Determining resolution (2)
Higher is not
always better
Scan at highest
resolution
necessary to
achieve your stated
purpose, no higher
chart from Cornell’s online digital imaging tutorial:
<http://www.library.cornell.edu/preservation/tutorial/conversion/conversion-03.html>
24. Color
Match current photo or match original scene
Final master images should be 8 bits per
channel (8-bit grayscale, 24-bit RGB); some
specialized projects using higher bit depths
Any color adjustments should be done in
scanning software before final scan is done
Use almost the full tonal range; avoid
“clipping”
26. Image processing
Color balance, cropping, etc., can be done when
creating derivatives
Generally avoided for master images
Descreening for halftoned images possible exception
halftoned descreened
28. JPEG compression
Lossy-compressed every time they are saved
No standard scale
Photoshop: 0 to 12 (low to maximum)
ImageMagick: 1 to 100, default 75
low compression, high quality high compression, low quality
29. Best practice questions?
General considerations
Resolution
Color
Image processing
File formats
30. What we’ll cover
Introduction
Technical overview
Best practices for capture
Workflow considerations
32. Planning phase
Define purpose of imaging project
Define master image specifications
Select scanning equipment
Develop and test procedures for digitization
Develop and test procedures for quality
review
Determine technical metadata to be
recorded
DOCUMENT
33. Choosing equipment
Scanner
Resolution
Dynamic range
photographic prints: 1.4 – 2.0
negative films: 2.8
commercial grade colored slides: 2.8 – 3.0
high grade transparencies: 3.0 – 4.0
Monitor: use CRT, not LCD
dynamic range chart from Kenney & Rieger, Moving Theory into Practice, p. 38
34. Quality review
A consistent quality review process is
*absolutely* essential
Objective
pixel dimensions
resolution
bit depth
Subjective
scanning artifacts
cropping
orientation
36. TEST!
Don’t blindly follow any specific
recommendation – make sure it works
for you
Drawings, engravings, maps, printed
text, handwritten text, musical
notation, etc., all require different
approaches
37. Metadata and documentation
Essential!
For fixing quality problems
For long-term maintenance of files
NISO draft standard: Technical
Metadata for Digital Still Images
38. Production phase
Train employees in digitization and
handling procedures
Ongoing digitization
Ongoing quality review
Ongoing metadata creation
Periodic equipment color
characterization/calibration
39. Color management (1)
ISO 3664 describes standard graphic viewing
conditions
All devices should be characterized with ICC
profiles
monitors
scanners
printers
Creating your own preferable to using “canned”
profiles
Profiling software from Monaco Systems; also
included in high-end scanning software
40. Color management (2)
Embed ICC
profiles in
master images
Set up
Photoshop to
use that profile
and to warn you
when profiles
are missing or
different
44. More information
These presentation slides:
<http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/workshops/bbfall2003.htm>
Digital imaging standards and best practices
and how the IU DLP uses them:
<http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/dmic/general/>
Cornell digital imaging tutorial:
<http://www.library.cornell.edu/preservation/tutorial/contents.html>
jenlrile@indiana.edu
Editor's Notes
don’t believe everything the scanner specs say
Hoh001.000.1152
Give handout here
4x5 neg from Hohenberger collection: Old sign-placarded cabin on road near Medora
these have been resized for effect, but you get the idea
adjustments in scanning software can be manual or automatic
use histogram for evaluating images, and when making manual color adjustments
gif not appropriate for photographic materials
dynamic range is density measured logarithmically on scale from 0 to 4. you can also measure your materials with a densitometer