Al-Razi, also known as Rhazes, was a Persian polymath who lived from 864-930 CE. He earned the title "Father of Pediatrics" by writing the earliest known comprehensive book on diseases in children. Al-Razi wrote the most monumental work in his field, the 20-volume encyclopedia of medicine titled Al-Hawi. He made important contributions to various fields including medicine, chemistry and philosophy. As a physician, he was the first to use animals for surgical experimentation and opium as an anesthetic for surgery. He also accurately described the physiology of the heart and function of its valves.

1. AL-RAZI (RHAZES)AL-RAZI (RHAZES) (864-930 C.E.)(864-930 C.E.)
Earned the title ofEarned the title of “FATHER OF PAEDIATRICS”“FATHER OF PAEDIATRICS”
by writing his monograph on “Diseases in Children”.by writing his monograph on “Diseases in Children”.
AL-HAWIAL-HAWI is a most monumental work of him.is a most monumental work of him.
It is the most comprehensive encyclopedia of medicine in 20 volumes.It is the most comprehensive encyclopedia of medicine in 20 volumes.
He was first to used animal for surgical operations .He was first to used animal for surgical operations .
He was first to used Opium as anesthetic during surgery .He was first to used Opium as anesthetic during surgery .
First to classify substances into vegetables, animals and minerals.First to classify substances into vegetables, animals and minerals.
He Correctly described the physiology of the heart and the function of its valves.He Correctly described the physiology of the heart and the function of its valves.
Treatise on the venous system, accurately describing the function of the veinsTreatise on the venous system, accurately describing the function of the veins
and their valves,and their valves,

2. AL-RAZI (RHAZES)AL-RAZI (RHAZES) (864-930 C.E.)(864-930 C.E.)
In addition to being a physician, he compounded medicines and, in his later years,In addition to being a physician, he compounded medicines and, in his later years,
gave himself over to experimental and theoretical sciences.gave himself over to experimental and theoretical sciences.
His description of chemical knowledge is in plain and plausible language.His description of chemical knowledge is in plain and plausible language.
One of his books calledOne of his books called Kitab-al-AsrarKitab-al-Asrar deals with the preparation of chemicaldeals with the preparation of chemical
materials and their utilization.materials and their utilization.
Another one was translated into Latin under the nameAnother one was translated into Latin under the name Liber Experi- mentorum.Liber Experi- mentorum.
He went beyond his predecessors in dividing substances into plants, animals andHe went beyond his predecessors in dividing substances into plants, animals and
minerals, thus in a way opening the way for inorganic and organic chemistry.minerals, thus in a way opening the way for inorganic and organic chemistry.

3. AL-RAZI (RHAZES)AL-RAZI (RHAZES) (864-930 C.E.)(864-930 C.E.)
He has portrayed in great detail several chemical reactions and also given fullHe has portrayed in great detail several chemical reactions and also given full
descriptions of and designs for about twenty instruments used in chemical.descriptions of and designs for about twenty instruments used in chemical.
As a chemist, he was the first to produce sulfuric acid together with some otherAs a chemist, he was the first to produce sulfuric acid together with some other
acids, and he also prepared alcohol by fermenting sweet products.acids, and he also prepared alcohol by fermenting sweet products.
He discusses their characteristics in detail and his concepts of space and time asHe discusses their characteristics in detail and his concepts of space and time as
constituting a continuum are outstanding. He was a prolific author, who has leftconstituting a continuum are outstanding. He was a prolific author, who has left
monumental treatises on numerous subjects.monumental treatises on numerous subjects.