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Ibn Battuta was a Moroccan explorer who traveled over 75,000 miles across 44 countries over a period of 29 years in the 14th century. He set off from his home in Tangiers, Morocco at age 21 to undertake the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, but ended up traveling much further. During his travels, he encountered many dangers like lack of food and water, disease, desert robbers, and heat exposure. He also met with many important rulers and leaders of his time. Upon his return, Ibn Battuta wrote a book called "Rihla" documenting his travels and observations, which provided valuable contributions to geography and knowledge of the various cultures he encountered across the Islamic
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Ibn Battuta
The document is a presentation about the famous medieval Moroccan explorer Ibn Battuta. It provides biographical details about his life and extensive travels between 1325-1369 throughout North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Specifically, it notes that he was born in Tangier in 1304 and embarked on a travel journey at age 21 that covered over 120,000 km over 30 years, visiting many Islamic rulers and locations, before ultimately dying of the Black Plague in 1369 while traveling. Maps and timelines are included to illustrate the scope and chronology of his historic travels.
Travels Of Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta, born in Tangier, embarked on a pilgrimage to Mecca at age 21, launching a 29-year, 75,000-mile journey through 44 countries across Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Along the way, he encountered dangers like robbers, disease, lack of resources and extreme weather. Notable sites he witnessed included the Pharos Lighthouse and pyramids of Egypt. After making the hajj pilgrimage, his curiosity led him to further travels through the Mamluk Empire, Persia, Yemen and along Africa's east coast before ultimately returning to Morocco after 29 years.
Ibn battuta
Ibn Battuta was a 14th century Moroccan explorer who traveled extensively throughout Africa, Asia, and Europe over a period of 30 years, covering around 75,000 miles. Like Marco Polo, he documented his travels in a book called Rihla, describing places he visited like Baghdad, Damascus, and the Egyptian pyramids. Though less famous initially than Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta is gaining recognition as more become aware of his journeys and written accounts.
Muslim Contributions in Geography
Muslims made many important contributions to the field of geography from the 7th century onwards. Key Muslim geographers and their works included Al-Khwārizmī who wrote one of the earliest books on geography, Al-Masudi who compiled travel observations in his book Meadows of Gold, and Al-Idrisi who created a detailed world map and geographical encyclopedia. Ibn Majid advanced navigation and oceanography through his books on marine science and ship movements. Muslim geographers accumulated knowledge through travel, study, and the needs of pilgrimage and trade, and their works informed both Eastern and Western understanding of geography for centuries.
Makkah
The most holy site in Islam is located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Mecca is considered the center of the world in Islam and houses the Kaaba, which Muslims face during prayer. The area around the Kaaba is sacred and seen as a place of peace and safety for both people and animals. Mecca attracts millions of Muslim pilgrims each year who undertake rituals associated with the Hajj pilgrimage, including wearing ihram clothing and reciting prayers.
Contributions of the Muslim geographers in Geography
Muslims made many significant contributions to the field of geography from the 7th century onward. Notable Muslim geographers and their works included:
- Al-Khwārizmī corrected Ptolemy's estimates of distances and depicted oceans correctly in his 9th century work Kitāb ṣūrat al-Arḍ.
- Abdullah al-Mamun ordered precise geodetic measurements and map making in the 9th century.
- Ibn Hawqal and Al-Muqaddasi produced some of the earliest regional maps in natural colors in the 10th century.
- Al-Biruni made advances in cartography, geodesy, and was
Al BIRUNI
Al-Biruni was an 11th century Persian scholar and scientist who had expertise in many fields including physics, metaphysics, mathematics, geography, and history. He traveled extensively in India for 20 years with Sultan Mahmood Ghaznawi, recording his observations in his famous book Kitab al-Hind. Al-Biruni made significant contributions to astronomy, determining values of latitudes and longitudes and establishing that the earth rotates on its axis. He accurately calculated the diameter of the earth centuries before modern technology. Al-Biruni authored many other important books and was considered one of the greatest scientists of his time.
Al beruni
Al-Beruni (973-1048 AD) was a renowned Persian scholar and polymath who made significant contributions to mathematics, astronomy, physics, and natural sciences. He wrote extensively on these topics as well as geography, history, chronology, linguistics, customs and creeds of various nations including India. He was given the title of "The Master" for his vast knowledge. Some of his most important works included his treatise on astrology, books on pharmacy, gems, and his encyclopedic work on India called "Indica". Over his lifetime he authored 146 books in various fields of study and was considered one of the most prolific writers of his time.
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Ibn Battuta
The document is a presentation about the famous medieval Moroccan explorer Ibn Battuta. It provides biographical details about his life and extensive travels between 1325-1369 throughout North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Specifically, it notes that he was born in Tangier in 1304 and embarked on a travel journey at age 21 that covered over 120,000 km over 30 years, visiting many Islamic rulers and locations, before ultimately dying of the Black Plague in 1369 while traveling. Maps and timelines are included to illustrate the scope and chronology of his historic travels.
Travels Of Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta, born in Tangier, embarked on a pilgrimage to Mecca at age 21, launching a 29-year, 75,000-mile journey through 44 countries across Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Along the way, he encountered dangers like robbers, disease, lack of resources and extreme weather. Notable sites he witnessed included the Pharos Lighthouse and pyramids of Egypt. After making the hajj pilgrimage, his curiosity led him to further travels through the Mamluk Empire, Persia, Yemen and along Africa's east coast before ultimately returning to Morocco after 29 years.
Ibn battuta
Ibn Battuta was a 14th century Moroccan explorer who traveled extensively throughout Africa, Asia, and Europe over a period of 30 years, covering around 75,000 miles. Like Marco Polo, he documented his travels in a book called Rihla, describing places he visited like Baghdad, Damascus, and the Egyptian pyramids. Though less famous initially than Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta is gaining recognition as more become aware of his journeys and written accounts.
Muslim Contributions in Geography
Muslims made many important contributions to the field of geography from the 7th century onwards. Key Muslim geographers and their works included Al-Khwārizmī who wrote one of the earliest books on geography, Al-Masudi who compiled travel observations in his book Meadows of Gold, and Al-Idrisi who created a detailed world map and geographical encyclopedia. Ibn Majid advanced navigation and oceanography through his books on marine science and ship movements. Muslim geographers accumulated knowledge through travel, study, and the needs of pilgrimage and trade, and their works informed both Eastern and Western understanding of geography for centuries.
Makkah
The most holy site in Islam is located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Mecca is considered the center of the world in Islam and houses the Kaaba, which Muslims face during prayer. The area around the Kaaba is sacred and seen as a place of peace and safety for both people and animals. Mecca attracts millions of Muslim pilgrims each year who undertake rituals associated with the Hajj pilgrimage, including wearing ihram clothing and reciting prayers.
Contributions of the Muslim geographers in Geography
Muslims made many significant contributions to the field of geography from the 7th century onward. Notable Muslim geographers and their works included:
- Al-Khwārizmī corrected Ptolemy's estimates of distances and depicted oceans correctly in his 9th century work Kitāb ṣūrat al-Arḍ.
- Abdullah al-Mamun ordered precise geodetic measurements and map making in the 9th century.
- Ibn Hawqal and Al-Muqaddasi produced some of the earliest regional maps in natural colors in the 10th century.
- Al-Biruni made advances in cartography, geodesy, and was
Al BIRUNI
Al-Biruni was an 11th century Persian scholar and scientist who had expertise in many fields including physics, metaphysics, mathematics, geography, and history. He traveled extensively in India for 20 years with Sultan Mahmood Ghaznawi, recording his observations in his famous book Kitab al-Hind. Al-Biruni made significant contributions to astronomy, determining values of latitudes and longitudes and establishing that the earth rotates on its axis. He accurately calculated the diameter of the earth centuries before modern technology. Al-Biruni authored many other important books and was considered one of the greatest scientists of his time.
Al beruni
Al-Beruni (973-1048 AD) was a renowned Persian scholar and polymath who made significant contributions to mathematics, astronomy, physics, and natural sciences. He wrote extensively on these topics as well as geography, history, chronology, linguistics, customs and creeds of various nations including India. He was given the title of "The Master" for his vast knowledge. Some of his most important works included his treatise on astrology, books on pharmacy, gems, and his encyclopedic work on India called "Indica". Over his lifetime he authored 146 books in various fields of study and was considered one of the most prolific writers of his time.
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Thankyou so much!
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- Abu Bakr protected the Prophet from an assassination attempt and helped plan the Hijra (migration) to Medina. He fought bravely alongside the Prophet in all battles and remained a devoted companion until the end.
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2) Muhammad began preaching the simple message of Islam - that there is no God but Allah and life should be lived in complete submission to Allah's will.
3) Due to threats in Mecca, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina in 622 CE, known as the Hijrah, which became year 1 of the Islamic calendar.
4) Within 10 years, Muhammad had gained many followers and was able
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Michaelrobinson نشاط مدرسي حول الرحالة ابن بطوطة في الولايات المتحدة
Medieval Geographers : Marco Polo and
Ibn Battuta
المصدر:http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~kclarke/G200B/old/michaelrobinson.ppt
Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta was a Moroccan explorer who traveled extensively throughout the known Islamic world between 1325 and 1354. Over a period of 29 years, he visited many regions and left detailed written accounts of his journeys, providing valuable firsthand information about places he visited in North Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and East Asia. Some of the areas he documented included Egypt, Jerusalem, Mecca, Persia, East Africa, Anatolia, Central Asia, India, Sri Lanka, China, and Spain. His written travel accounts are considered an important primary source on the medieval Islamic world and the Mongol khanates.
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This document discusses the origins and principles of Sufism. It states that Sufism dates back to early humanity but the term was first used in the 9th century AD to refer to Muslim mystics who sought closeness to God through asceticism and love. The document outlines that Sufis believe in following both Islamic law and additional spiritual practices to reach truth. It explains some of the basic Sufi principles like living with high morality, not being bound by rituals, and seeing love for humanity as the greatest religion.
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This is a PowerPoint presentation on the topic The Umayyad Dynasty. In this ppt I have written all basic information about Umayyad Dynasty and I hope so that you all will like this presentation and my all those efforts that I put to make it.
Thankyou so much!
CONTRIBUTION OF ARABS IN TO GEOGRAPHY
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Sufism, or Islamic mysticism, is concerned with direct personal experience of and communion with God through subjective experience. Early Sufis sought to devote themselves to spirituality and moved away from politicized cities. Key Sufi practices included asceticism, prayer, recitation of the Quran, and contemplation. Sufism is primarily learned through serving a teacher for many years. Central Sufi doctrines include the unity of all phenomena as manifestations of a single divine reality, and the concept of the "Perfect Man" who acts as a channel of God's grace. The goal of Sufism is realization of the divine unity by letting go of notions of duality and the individual self
The islamic caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate established the first Islamic empire in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal) following the Islamic conquest of Hispania in the early 8th century. The empire derived power from uniting the Muslim community and allowing extensive conquest and taxation of non-Muslims. Islam played an important role in establishing the caliphate and uniting the Muslim community. The empire had a significant impact through establishing trade routes and cultural/intellectual centers.
Hazrat Abu Bakr siddique
- Abu Bakr was the closest companion and friend of the Prophet Muhammad. He was the first adult male to convert to Islam after the Prophet received his first revelation.
- Abu Bakr helped spread Islam by preaching to others and accompanying the Prophet. He endured hardship and persecution from the Quraysh in Mecca for his faith.
- Abu Bakr protected the Prophet from an assassination attempt and helped plan the Hijra (migration) to Medina. He fought bravely alongside the Prophet in all battles and remained a devoted companion until the end.
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The Umayyad Caliphate began in 661 AD after Mu'awiyah defeated the fourth caliph Ali and established the Umayyad dynasty. The Umayyads expanded the Islamic empire significantly through military conquests. They also standardized the administration of the empire by establishing boards to oversee finances, correspondence, and other functions. The Umayyads made Damascus their capital and ruled over a vast territory, spreading Islam widely during their rule. However, internal conflicts and the rise of the Abbasid revolutionary movement eventually led to the downfall of the Umayyad dynasty in 750 AD.
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Mesopotamia was the site of some of the earliest civilizations due to its fertile land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Natural levees along the rivers allowed for irrigation, farming, and the establishment of cities like Ur and Babylon. Sumerians developed systems of governance, religion, trade, mathematics, and the earliest form of writing called cuneiform to record their achievements, laying the foundations for later civilizations.
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The document provides an overview of the beginnings of Islam, including the following key points:
1) Prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca in 570 CE and began receiving revelations from God through the angel Jibrail, which became the Quran, beginning in 610 CE.
2) Muhammad began preaching the simple message of Islam - that there is no God but Allah and life should be lived in complete submission to Allah's will.
3) Due to threats in Mecca, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina in 622 CE, known as the Hijrah, which became year 1 of the Islamic calendar.
4) Within 10 years, Muhammad had gained many followers and was able
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Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq, was the site of some of the earliest human civilizations beginning around 3500 BCE. It had a favorable environment for agriculture due to natural levees and floodplains created by seasonal flooding. Mesopotamian civilizations such as the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians developed systems of irrigation, law, writing, mathematics, and organized religion centered around gods like Ishtar and Enki. Writing began as pictograms and evolved into the cuneiform script, while legal codes like Hammurabi's established early systems of law.
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The document discusses the role and responsibilities of a caliph in Islam. It explains that a caliph acts as a successor or vicegerent to the Prophet Muhammad and is elected democratically by the people. The caliph's role is to judiciously rule over people according to Islamic law and serve the interests of the community. The four caliphs that succeeded the Prophet - Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali - are held up as exemplary models. The caliph is meant to uphold justice, avoid oppression, and can be removed if failing to perform duties competently and justly.
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The document provides an overview of the Mesopotamian civilization between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It discusses the early Sumerian cities like Ur and Akkad, the development of writing and the wheel, as well as later empires like Babylonia and Assyria. Important leaders are mentioned, such as Sargon of Akkad, Hammurabi of Babylon, and Ashurbanipal of Assyria. Details are also given about the religion, culture, and daily life of ancient Mesopotamians.
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The document provides details about the ancient Babylonian civilization that was centered around the city of Babylon in Mesopotamia. Some key points:
- Babylon was the capital city of the Babylonian Empire, located along the Euphrates River in modern-day Iraq. It was a major economic and religious center famous for its large size and architecture.
- The Babylonian civilization developed advanced irrigation systems for agriculture and built grand structures like temples and walls, including the famed Hanging Gardens and the Ishtar Gate.
- Under King Hammurabi in the 18th century BC, Babylon became the dominant city-state after he established a legal code and unified the region into an empire
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After the Umayyad caliphate fell in Damascus, the last surviving member fled to Iberia and established himself as the Emir of Cordoba in 756. He made Cordoba the capital and established the Umayyad emirate. For over two centuries, Córdoba flourished under the emirs and caliphs, becoming one of the most advanced cities in Europe with vast libraries, philosophical and scientific achievements, and a prosperous economy. However, internal struggles after the caliphate's collapse in 1031 led to the fragmentation of Al-Andalus into competing taifa kingdoms, weakening Muslim rule and allowing the Christian reconquista to gain ground.
Umayyad and abbasid caliphates
The Umayyad clan was initially opposed to Muhammad but later embraced Islam and became a powerful Muslim family. After Muhammad's death, the Umayyads led the majority Sunni Muslims while some broke away to form the Shiite minority who believed leadership should remain within Muhammad's family. The Umayyads rapidly conquered territories across North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Europe until being halted at the Battle of Tours in 732. Their rule ended when the Abbasid family revolted in 750 and established their capital in Baghdad, moving the empire's center away from Syria.
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Mesopotamian civilization began between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. The first civilizations arose in river valleys because the reliable water sources supported agriculture. In ancient Sumer around 3000 BCE, independent city-states emerged that each had their own government and battled each other for territory. Farming was done through irrigation since flooding was common, and farmers had to adapt to the environment. The Sumerians practiced polytheism and believed the gods owned their cities, building grand ziggurat temples in each city dedicated to the most important deity.
Ibn khaldun (Father of sociology)
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South Asia has a population of over 1.5 billion people as of 2010. The region is experiencing rapid demographic changes, including a falling infant mortality rate, though it varies significantly between countries. The total fertility rate is around 2.78 children per woman. The annual population growth rate for the region was approximately 1.43% in 2012. However, poverty remains widespread, with over 40% of the population living below the international poverty line. Resources are also becoming increasingly scarce as the population continues to rise dramatically.
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Michaelrobinson نشاط مدرسي حول الرحالة ابن بطوطة في الولايات المتحدة
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Ibn Battuta
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The document provides an introduction to world history, including key terms and concepts. It discusses how the oldest human fossils were found in Africa by Louis and Mary Leakey and Donald Johanson. It also outlines some of the biggest achievements in world history, such as the invention of tools, language, and wheels. Additionally, it introduces the four early river valley civilizations that arose around 3500 BCE in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China due to fertile land and water resources.
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Michaelrobinson نشاط مدرسي حول الرحالة ابن بطوطة في الولايات المتحدة
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Ibn Battuta California Council for the Social Studies 2012
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His 101 chapters 1 2 early civilizations & peoples
His 101 chapters 1 2 early civilizations & peoples
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Ibn battuta presentation
- 1. IBN BATTUTA (Abū ʿAbdal-Lāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdal-Lāh l-Lawātī ṭ-Ṭanǧī ibn Baṭūṭah) 1304 - 1369 75.000 miles through 44 countries 29 years of travel By : Bagus Jatmiko
- 2. • EARLY LIFE OF IBN BATTUTA • THE PILGRIMAGE AND JOURNEYS • CONTRIBUTIONS
- 3. • Was Born in Tangiers, Morocco 25 Feb 1304 • Wealthy Family Legal Scholar and descendent of Berber Tribe • Set off for Pilgrimage to Mecca for Hajj 21 years old
- 5. • Encounter many Dangers Lack of food and water, Disease, Desert Robber, Heat exposure • Encounter with most important peoples of that time Sultan of Yemen, Somalia, Persia, Oman, Kulwa (Tanzania) • Travel 75.000 miles, 3 x distance of Marcopolo Finished in 29 years across 44 countries
- 7. • A well known Scholar • Contributed on Geography science • Wrote a book, “A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Travelling” or “Rihla” (The Journey) • After journeys, become a Qadis (Islamic Judge) in Morocco
- 8. • EYE OPENER OF THE VAST INFLUENCE OF ISLAM • LINKED ISLAM WITH OTHER CULTURES • CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOGRAPHY