Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events - Katalyst HLS
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This document discusses adverse events and serious adverse events in clinical trials. It reviews FDA inspection findings related to reporting adverse events and the regulations surrounding adverse event reporting. It outlines how adverse events should be recorded, including source documentation and attribution. It also discusses reporting criteria and timelines for reporting adverse events to sponsors and regulatory bodies. Finally, it reviews considerations for auditing adverse events, such as whether events were properly graded and reported.
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Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events - Katalyst HLS
- 1. Adverse Events & Serious Adverse Events 1 01/08/17 Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 2. Objectives: Recognize Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events Review FDA inspection findings related to Adverse Events Review regulations related to Adverse Events Discuss recording and reporting of Adverse Events Discuss auditing of Adverse Events Demonstrate audit of Adverse Events 2 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 3. FDA Inspection: “Failure to prepare and submit complete and accurate and timely reports of unanticipated adverse device effects” 3 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 4. Recognizing: 4 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 5. Adverse Events: Any adverse event associated with the use of a drug in humans, whether or not considered related. 21CFR 314.80 Any untoward medical occurrence in a patient administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment ICH E6 5 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 6. Adverse Event: NCI An unexpected medical problem that occurs during treatment with a drug or other therapy. Adverse events do not have to be a caused by the drug or therapy 6 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 7. Serious Adverse Event: Fred Doesn’t Have Any Money Left Fatal Disability Hospitalization Anomaly Medically Significant Life Threatening 7 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 8. Expected Vs. Unexpected Expected Known to Occur and is Listed in the Investigational Brochure, Informed Consent, or General Investigational Plan Unexpected Not listed in Investigational Brochure, Informed Consent, or General Investigational Plan Also not listed in a drug package insert 8 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 9. Recording: 9 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 10. Recording: Know which adverse events the protocol requires to be captured 10 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 11. Source Documentation: Source Documentation of adverse events include documentation in the medical records of: Event Date it occurred Grade as determined by CTCAE Expected or Unexpected Attribution as assigned by PI Date resolved Treatment patient received specifically related to event 11 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 12. Sample Adverse Event Recording Form See template behind this presentation 12 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 13. 13 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 14. Attribution (Causality) The attribution (relationship or causality or drug related assessment) must be determined A determination made by a clinical investigator that describes the relationship or association of the study product with an adverse experience This determination must be recorded both in the medical record as well as in the case report form. 14 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 15. Attribution What should the investigator consider prior to assigning attribution? Individual medical history Known effects of concomitant medications 15 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 16. Attribution: Definite – Clearly related to study agent Probable – Likely related to study agent Possible – May be related to study agent Unlikely – Doubtfully related to study agent Unrelated – Clearly not related to study agent 16 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 17. How to Capture Adverse Events? Split or Lumped Fever, Diarrhea, and Vomiting (Viral Gastroenteritis) Cough, Sniffles, Sore throat (Flu) 17 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 18. How to Capture Adverse Events? Problems with similar terms Rash or Dermatitis Wheezing, reactive airway disease, congestion, cold, , asthma 18 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 19. Documenting Resolution Dates: Challenge Does the patient remember when their adverse event resolved? Do you call the patient? Or wait till the next visit? 19 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 20. Patient Toxicity Diary: Diaries where patients capture toxicities between their follow up appointments 20 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 21. Patient Toxicity Diaries: Patient writes down constipation because he did not have a bowel movement one day Research nurse captures constipation without assessing further Physician copies the research nurse’s note and also dictates constipation Did anyone ask about the constipation? According to CTC V3, constipation is grade 1 only if there is occasional or intermittent symptoms; occasional use of stool softeners, laxatives, dietary modification, or enema 21 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 22. Patient Adverse Event Diaries: Advantages Allows capturing information on a daily basis while patient is away from clinic A communication tool for patient returns to clinic Useful in capturing onset and resolution dates of adverse events Disadvantages Time consuming Patient non-compliance Patient self diagnosis or interpretation Complicated Instructions 22 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 23. Question to Ask: When should site staff begin collecting adverse event information? 23 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 24. Question to Ask: How long should one collect adverse events after the subject completes study treatment? 24 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 25. Reporting: 25 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 26. Reporting Serious Events An investigator must promptly report to the sponsor any adverse effect that may reasonably be regarded as caused by or probably caused by the drug. If the adverse effect is alarming, the investigator shall report the adverse effect immediately. 21CFR312.64 26 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 27. Reporting Criteria: Routine Reporting Know which events can be reported at interim analysis or annual reviews Expedited Reporting Know which events require immediate reporting 27 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 28. Reporting Criteria Know which type of expedited reports each regulatory body requires FDA Sponsor Co-Sponsor MD Anderson NCI Collaborative Groups 28 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 29. Issues in Reporting: Primary events Example Patient admitted with Congestive Heart Failure Subsequently develops: Pulmonary Edema and Cardiogenic Shock 29 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 30. Consequences of Improper Reporting Protocol Violations IRB will close protocol FDA Hold Sponsor Hold Research Privileges Revoked Patient Safety 30 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 31. Auditing: 31
- 32. Auditing Check Points Was the event a dose limiting toxicity? Should the dose have been reduced? If so, did the research team realize it as such and identify it correctly? 32 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 33. Auditing Check Points How are AEs being recorded in the medical record? Does documentation include grade, onset, resolution, and attribution? 33 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 34. Auditing Check Points Were all toxicities included? Was the proper CTCAE version used for the protocol? Were the toxicities graded appropriately? 34 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 35. Auditing Are adverse events appropriately reported within the time periods required by regulations, sponsor, and IRB policies? 35 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 36. We have reviewed………. Recognizing adverse events and serious adverse events Inspections and findings related to adverse events Regulations related to adverse events Recording and reporting of adverse events Auditing of adverse events 36 01/08/17Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences
- 37. Thank YouThank You && QuestionsQuestions 01/08/17 Contact: Katalyst Healthcare’s & Life Sciences South Plainfield, NJ, USA 07080. E-Mail: info@KatalystHLS.com 37
Editor's Notes
- First we will cover recognizing Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
- Although the definitions in the regulations address drugs, we expand the definition for those trials that do not involve drugs.
- This slide lists the event outcomes that are considered serious. Fun way to remember which events are classified as serious Fred Doesn’t Have Any Money Left (Wilma went shopping at the Bedrock Mall!) Serious Adverse Events are those associated with the patient’s participation in research that: Results in fatality– “Fred” Results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity – “Doesn’t” Results in patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization – “Have” Results in a congenital anomaly or birth defect – “Any” A Medically significant event- “Money” What is considered medically significant?... Patient has baseline creatinine of 1.8 due to a renal condition which is Grade 1, not too high but now creatinine jumped to 8. A creatinine of 8 is clinically significant. Lastly, event is life threatening– “Left” Life threatening events include: Any adverse pharmaceutical product that places the patient, in the view of the PI, at immediate risk of death from the reaction as it occurred OR if it is suspected that continued use of the product under investigation would result in pt’s death Examples: allergic bronchospasm requiring intensive treatment, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, pacemaker failure
- To determine if an event is expected or unexpected Check Investigational Brochure, Informed Consent or General Investigational Plan To see if the event is listed If the event is listed, then it is expected If not, the event is unexpected
- Next, talk about recording adverse events.
- Sometimes we forget how unique our different protocols are and we go along doing the same thing for every protocol. Need to be familiar with what adverse events your protocol requires to be captured. This will vary with your sponsor and with your PI For example, for a particular protocol, sponsor may only require that you capture Grade 3 or Grade 4 adverse events Could cut down on your work if that is the case PI may want to capture every adverse event This is certainly something you want to discuss with both sponsor and PI before begin protocol
- In order to adequately capture the information to document an adverse event, you need to include: Event Date it began Grade as determined by the appropriate Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Whether or not it was expected or unexpected Must have relationship of event to study agent assigned by PI Date event ended Document any treatment patient received as a result of the event (took Neurontin for neuropathy, specify dose)
- Here is an example of a template that contains all the required elements and place for physician who is assigning attribution to sign. You decide what form of documentation works best for your protocol to prompt you to include all of the necessary information including the physician’s signature to confirm the PI is in agreement with the assignment of the attribution of the study product to the event.
- Very important part of documentation of adverse events is documentation as to if the event was related to or caused by the pharmaceutical product. The relationship between the study product and the event must be decided by the clinical investigator and this attribution must be documented indicating the attribution was assigned by the investigator. BECAUSE, assigning attribution is a medical judgment. And, all AEs are to be communicated to the PI Plan the best way to document the attribution in the medical record as well as providing a source that the investigator assigned that relationship. Audits reveal that attribution is found in the CRF but not in source documents.
- Once again, the determination of attribution is a medical judgment because patients on study trials come with other medical conditions . The physician must take into consideration the patient’s co-morbidities in order to make an adequate assessment of the relationship between the study agent and the adverse event.
- Some sponsors want the symptoms lumped and others want it separated. Regardless of how these are captured, we must try to stay consistent. Reference: When a Cough is Just a Cough: The Trouble with Aes Herschel R. Lessin, MD
- Sometimes documenting adverse events can be a challenge. Patients and healthcare workers interchangeably will use terms for symptoms described by subjects.
- This is protocol specific. Most of the time, study staff collect information from the time informed consent is obtained. Generally, reporting of serious events are not required until administration of the investigational product or protocol intervention. P. 262
- There are no requirements or regulations that specify the length of time that Adverse events that should be collected after a subject completes the study treatment period. The protocol should clearly define this. A 30 day follow up period is common. Investigators should consider half lives of investigational products, prior experience with the product, and any delayed adverse event concerns prior to establishing a cut off date or time point.
- We have talked about recognizing and recording adverse events, now let’s talk about reporting adverse events!
- Investigators assigning attribution is addressed here as well. If the investigator is not aware of adverse events and assign attribution, how can he or she follow this regulation?
- Need to be familiar with the reporting requirements for your protocol Once again, be familiar with your protocol In some protocols, you will be responsible for providing data for the interim analysis (point where evaluate data) or for the annual review Need to know which events require immediate reporting
- Although MD Anderson IRB requires only prompt reporting : of deaths and serious, related and unexpected events Other sponsors might have additional requirements. Some sponsors require you to report all serious adverse events regardless of the relationship.
- Often times, patients are admitted with one diagnosis such as this one. Following admission, secondary events are found. All of these can be reported using one form listing CHF as the primary event for example here.
- Now we are going to talk about what we are here for today….auditing!
- Documentation of a dose limiting toxicity is tremendously important! That is not only for source documentation purposes, but also for patient safety issues. Your patient shows up in the ER and there is a good chance the only documentation of a dose reduction would be your notes.
- Be sure that all adverse events are documented appropriately to include the: Event Dates for beginning and end Grade Was the event resolved Was it expected or unexpected Documentation of the attribution assigned by the PI Documentation of any treatment patient received as a result of the event
- Were all toxicities included? In addition to adverse events described by the patient, are there any abnormal lab values or has something shown up on any scans or x-rays? Even though newer protocols require Version 3 of the CTCAE, is that the case for this particular protocol? Were the toxicities actually graded according to the descriptions provided in the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events?