Acids and alkalis
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The document discusses acids and alkalis, including their properties and how they interact. It provides information on the pH scale and using universal indicator to test the pH of household substances. Key points covered include acids being dangerous in high amounts, alkalis being the opposite of acids, and neutralization occurring when acids and alkalis are mixed in the correct amounts to cancel each other out and become neutral with a pH of 7. Hands-on experiments are described for investigating acids, alkalis and the pH scale.
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ACID,BASES AND SALT for Class 10th....CREATED TO PIYUSH BHANDARI
This document is a student's presentation on acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water, and bases as substances that produce hydroxide ions in water. It discusses the properties of acids and bases, including their tastes and how they feel. Common examples of acids and bases are provided. Indicators, pH, strong vs. weak acids and bases, and neutralization reactions are also explained.
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This document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids as substances that give H+ ions in water and have a sour taste, react with metals, and have a pH less than 7. Bases are defined as substances that give OH- ions in water, usually taste bitter, feel slippery, and have a pH greater than 7. Salts are formed when acids and bases react, combining H+ and OH- ions to form water. Common examples of acids include vinegar and cola, bases include drain cleaner and baking powder, and salts include table salt and toothpaste. The document provides characteristics, examples, and a brief activity to identify household substances as acids, bases or salts.
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This document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as sour tasting substances that produce hydrogen ions and turn litmus red. Common acids include those found in vinegar, citrus fruits, and other foods. Bases are defined as bitter tasting and soapy substances that turn litmus blue. Common bases include baking soda, detergents, and antacids. The document also explains how litmus paper can be used as a natural indicator to test whether a substance is acidic or basic by changing color.
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Acids release H+ ions in water and have sour tastes, while bases release OH- ions in water and feel slippery. Strong acids and bases completely ionize in water, while weak acids and bases only partially ionize. Common strong acids include sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, while strong bases include lithium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. When acids and bases are mixed, they neutralize each other through a reaction that produces water and a salt. Indicators change color depending on whether the solution is acidic or basic, and can be used to measure the pH of a solution.
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Acids and bases ppt notes
The document discusses acids and bases, including their properties, examples of common acids and bases, and how strong vs. weak acids and bases are classified. Acids are sour, turn litmus red, and contain hydrogen ions. Bases are slippery, turn litmus blue, and contain hydroxide ions. Strong acids and bases have more hydrogen or hydroxide ions respectively and can be caustic.
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Acids release H+ ions in water and have sour tastes, while bases release OH- ions in water and feel slippery. Strong acids and bases completely ionize in water, while weak acids and bases only partially ionize. Common strong acids include sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, while strong bases include lithium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. When acids and bases are mixed, they neutralize each other through a reaction that produces water and a salt. Indicators change color depending on whether the solution is acidic or basic, and can be used to measure the pH of a solution.
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Acids are found in fruit juices, vinegar, fizzy drinks, and citrus fruits. They taste sour and can cause acid rain. Alkalis are found in soap, toothpaste, washing powder, and drain cleaner. They have a soapy texture. Indicators like universal indicator and litmus paper can test for acids and alkalis, with litmus turning red in acids and blue in alkalis. Acids react with carbonates and metals, while neutralization occurs when an acid and alkali are combined, forming a salt and water. The pH scale measures acidity and alkalinity, with acids being below 7 and alkalis above 7 on the scale.
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The document discusses acids and bases, including their properties, examples of common acids and bases, and how strong vs. weak acids and bases are classified. Acids are sour, turn litmus red, and contain hydrogen ions. Bases are slippery, turn litmus blue, and contain hydroxide ions. Strong acids and bases have more hydrogen or hydroxide ions respectively and can be caustic.
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This document discusses acids and alkalis. It explains that acids have a pH below 7 and turn litmus paper red, while alkalis have a pH above 7 and turn litmus paper blue. When an acid and alkali are mixed, they undergo a neutralization reaction where a salt and water are produced, and the pH becomes closer to 7. Common examples of acids and alkalis are also provided.
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Salts are formed when hydrogen ions in acids are replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions. There are two main types of salts - normal salts that do not contain replaceable hydrogen and acidic salts that contain replaceable hydrogen. Insoluble salts are prepared through precipitation reactions by mixing solutions of reactants containing the ions of the insoluble salt. Soluble salts can be prepared through filtration and crystallization using excess insoluble reactants or through titration using exact quantities of reactants.
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This document describes the preparation of soluble salts through various methods including neutralization reactions, titration, evaporation, crystallization, and filtration. Soluble salts can be prepared by reacting an acid with an alkali, metal, metallic oxide, or metallic carbonate. The reaction mixtures are then heated, filtered, and dried to obtain pure salt crystals. Key steps involve neutralization, evaporation to saturate and crystallize the salt, then filtration to separate and dry the pure salt product.
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2) Bronsted-Lowry defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. Neutralization involves the transfer of a proton from an acid to a base.
3) Lewis defines acids as electron pair acceptors and bases as electron pair donors. Neutralization involves the sharing of an electron pair between an acid and base.
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This document discusses acids and alkalis. It explains that acids have a pH below 7 and turn litmus paper red, while alkalis have a pH above 7 and turn litmus paper blue. When an acid and alkali are mixed, they undergo a neutralization reaction where a salt and water are produced, and the pH becomes closer to 7. Common examples of acids and alkalis are also provided.
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Overview of Zeta Potential Concept, Measurement Use, and Applications
This document provides an overview of zeta potential, which is a measure of the surface charge of particles in suspension. It discusses how particle surfaces acquire charges in water through various mechanisms and how factors like pH, electrolyte concentration, and surface modifications can affect zeta potential. The document also explains how zeta potential relates to particle stability and interactions, with higher zeta potential generally leading to better dispersion stability. Measurement of zeta potential can provide useful insights into suspension behavior and material performance.
Applied chemistry
This document discusses electrolytic conductivity and electrolysis. It defines electrolytes as substances that conduct electricity when in solution, and describes how conduction occurs through the movement of ions. Strong electrolytes are highly ionized in solution while weak electrolytes are only feebly ionized. Electrolytic conductivity increases with temperature and decreases with increased dilution. Ohm's law describes the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance for electrolytic conductors.
Electro chemistry
Electrochemistry,Electrolytic and Metallic Conduction,Specific Resistance or resistivity (ρ),Specific Conductance or Conductivity (κ),Equivalent Conductance (Λ), Molar Conductance (Λm),Variation of Conductance with Dilution,Debye-Hückel-Onsager Equation,Kohlransch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions,Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis,Electrochemical Cells,The Nernst Equation,Oxidation Number
Oxidation Number / State Method For Balancing Redox Reactions,Half-Reaction or Ion-Electron Method For Balancing Redox Reactions,Half-Reaction or Ion-Electron Method For Balancing Redox Reactions,Common Oxidising and Reducing Agents
Chapter 7 Acid & Bases part 2
The document discusses pH scales and the properties of acids and bases. It defines pH as a measure of hydrogen ion concentration and relates pH values to whether a substance is acidic or alkaline. It explains that strong acids and bases fully dissociate in water, producing more hydrogen or hydroxide ions and having higher concentrations of these ions compared to weak acids and bases that only partially dissociate. Common indicators are described that change color depending on whether a solution is acidic, alkaline or neutral. Examples of strong versus weak acids and bases are provided.
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This document provides information about acids and alkalis. It defines acids as substances with a pH below 7 that turn litmus red and can be neutralized by alkalis. Common strong acids are hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids. Indicators like litmus and universal indicator can be used to determine if a substance is acidic or alkaline based on color changes. The pH scale quantifies how acidic or alkaline a substance is from 1-14. Examples show how universal indicator is used to test substances and determine their acidity or alkalinity based on color.
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This document discusses acids and bases. It defines them according to Arrhenius' theory as substances that produce H+ ions (acids) or OH- ions (bases) when dissolved in water. Acids have a pH below 7 and taste sour, while bases have a pH above 7 and taste bitter. Examples of common acids and bases are provided, along with their properties. The document also introduces the pH scale and explains how pH values indicate acid strength. Finally, it describes an experiment to test solutions and identify them as acids or bases using blue-colored juice that changes color in their presence.
Acids, bases and salts
This document discusses acids, bases, salts, and indicators. It defines acids as sour substances that produce hydrogen ions in solution and have a pH below 7. Bases are defined as having a pH above 7 and forming hydroxide ions in solution. Examples of common acids and bases are provided. Indicators are substances that change color in acidic versus basic solutions, allowing the pH to be determined. Strong acids and bases fully ionize in solution, while weak ones only partially ionize. Neutralization occurs when an acid and base react to form a salt and water. Salts are neutral compounds composed of acid anions and base cations.
Acid and alkalis
This document discusses acids and alkalis. It defines strong and weak acids and lists some common examples. It explains that acids have properties like sour taste and ability to turn litmus paper red. The document outlines how acids react with metals, carbonates, and alkalis. Common uses of sulfuric, hydrochloric, ethanoic, and nitric acids are provided. Properties and uses of common alkalis like sodium hydroxide are also described. The document introduces the pH scale and how indicators like universal indicator and litmus paper can be used to test the acidity or alkalinity of solutions.
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Explore the fascinating world of material changes with this presentation! We'll delve into the properties of acids and alkalis (also known as bases), unraveling the science behind their surprising effects.
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The document discusses polarity, solubility, acids and bases. It defines polar and nonpolar substances, and gives examples like water and methane. It explains how solubility curves show how much of a substance dissolves at different temperatures. It also defines acids and bases, describing their properties and chemical formulas. Common indicators like litmus paper and phenolphthalein are explained for testing acids and bases.
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ACIDS AND BASES.pptx
1) Acids release hydrogen ions (H+) in water, turning litmus paper red and having a sour taste, while bases release hydroxide ions (OH-), turning litmus blue and having a bitter taste.
2) The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of solutions, with values from 0-7 being acidic, 7 being neutral, and 7-14 being alkaline. Strong acids and bases fully dissociate in water while weak acids and bases only partially dissociate.
3) Acid-base indicators change color depending on the pH, allowing identification of acids and bases. Litmus is commonly used, turning red in acids and blue in bases. Neutralization occurs
Biology base and acid
This document discusses acids and bases, including their properties and how to test for them. It provides information on:
- The pH scale ranges from 0-14, with acids having lower values and bases having higher values. A pH of 7 is neutral.
- Acids donate H+ ions in solution and have a pH below 7. Bases donate OH- ions and have a pH above 7.
- Indicators like litmus paper and cabbage juice can be used to test if a substance is acidic or basic - acids turn indicators one color while bases turn them another.
- Common household substances like lemon juice, vinegar, baking soda and bleach are identified along the pH scale.
- A
Acids and Bases
The document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) in water and bases as substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH-). It lists examples of acids and bases and discusses their characteristics, including their effect on pH. It also discusses factors that affect reaction rates and methods for testing whether a substance is acidic or basic, such as pH indicators and the litmus test.
ACIDS & BASES CO.pptx
Here are 5 examples of acids and bases used at home for neutralization:
1. Vinegar (acetic acid) and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) - Used to clean surfaces by neutralizing.
2. Lemon juice (citric acid) and baking soda - Used in recipes for rising and as a natural cleaner.
3. Tomato juice (citric acid) and antacids (calcium carbonate) - Antacids neutralize stomach acid for indigestion relief.
4. Vinegar and washing soda (sodium carbonate) - Used for cleaning and removing hard water stains by neutralizing.
5. Milk of magnesia (magnesium hydro
Acids & Bases Lab Day 1
This document provides instructions and materials for an assignment on acids and bases. It includes:
1. A list of materials needed for the assignment, including notes on acids and bases and chemistry of living things.
2. Instructions to log into LearningPoint and lead an online discussion by highlighting information and answering questions about ions, the pH scale, acids, bases, and their characteristics and uses.
3. A data table to complete with definitions and examples related to pH, acids, bases, and their properties.
The document provides resources and guidance to study acids and bases, complete assignment questions, and participate in an online discussion on the topic.
acid.pptx
The document discusses pH scales, explaining that pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, with levels below 7 being acidic and above 7 being basic. It provides examples of the pH of different substances like vinegar, baking soda, and soap. The importance of pH for soil and personal care products is highlighted, noting that plants grow best in certain pH ranges and personal care products aim for specific pH levels to avoid harming the body.
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This document discusses acids and alkalis and provides information about their properties and reactions. It defines acids as having a pH below 7 and mentions they could kill cells and are often used in cleaners. Alkalis are defined as turning universal indicator purple and feeling soapy. The document also discusses neutralization reactions between acids and alkalis forming salts and water, and provides examples of useful acid-alkali reactions like hydrochloric acid aiding digestion and soil acidity being neutralized.
Understanding acids and bases.ppt 2012
This document provides information about acids and bases, including:
- A table listing the pH of common substances like distilled water, lemon juice, milk, etc.
- Characteristics of acids (sour taste, pH less than 7, corrode metal, conduct electricity well) and bases (bitter taste, pH greater than 7, good cleaners, slippery feel)
- An explanation of the logarithmic pH scale and how differences in pH values correspond to differences in acidity or alkalinity.
- Sample questions to check the reader's understanding of comparing acidity using the pH scale and identifying indicators and examples of strong vs. weak acids.
Acids & bases day 1
This document provides instructions for an activity on acids and bases. It includes:
1. A list of materials needed for the activity, including a worksheet on acids and bases.
2. Instructions to log into an online learning platform and lead a discussion by highlighting information and answering questions from the worksheet.
3. Background information on the pH scale and how it is used to measure if a liquid is acidic or basic. Acids have a pH between 0-6.9, bases between 7.1-14, and distilled water is neutral at 7.
4. A diagram of the pH scale to label with information about acids and bases.
Presentation Grade-7 Acid and Base .pptx
This document provides information about acids and bases for 7th grade students. It defines acids and bases, describes their physical and chemical properties, and explains how to measure acidity and alkalinity using the pH scale. Examples of common acids and bases are given. The document also discusses neutralization reactions between acids and bases and provides sample problems for students to practice determining whether solutions are acidic or basic based on their pH values.
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OUR GOAL TODAY:
- To determine the difference between Acids & Bases.
- Discuss the importance of studying Acids & Bases.
- Perform an experiment dealing with Acids & Bases.
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Acids and alkalis
- 2. Are all acids dangerous?? Lemons Are pretty good….
- 3. Everyday Acids Laboratory Acids Are all acids dangerous??
- 4. Alkalis are another group of chemicals opposite to Acids Everyday Alkalis Laboratory Alkalis
- 5. Ph Scale and Universal Indicator Stronger Acid Stronger Alkali 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 weak alkali Weak acid Strong alkali Strong neutral acid
- 6. Experiment to investigate the pH of different household items 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Name of Substance Weak acid Colour Change weak alkali pH Acid, Alkali or Neutral? Orange juice Light Yellow 4 Weak Acid Strong alkali Strong neutral acid
- 7. Cancelling out acids and alkalis - Neutralisation By mixing an acid solution with an alkali solution in the correct amount, we can cancel them out. The solution formed is neutral. (It has a pH of 7.) When we cancel out an acid and alkali like this, we neutralise them. This is called neutralisation. ACID + ALKALI = NEUTRAL
- 8. Make your own pH scale Colour your pH scale in correctly Cut Out the Labels and stick next to the correct pH Value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 weak alkali Weak acid Strong alkali Strong neutral acid
- 9. • You will be given a team name, nominate one person to be the spokesperson • When you have discussed the answer as a team the spokesperson puts the team name up • The winning team gets a prize!!!!!!!!!
Editor's Notes
- When I say the word ACID what does that mean to you can you give me any examples of acids??? Where might u find them>? Not a very nice image assume its dangerous. What is it like to eat a lemon?? What do we call the taste of a lemon? SOUR. It has a sharp and sour taste, does anyone know why? Well scientists realised that the sour taste of the lemon is because it has an acid in it, called citric acid.
- Acids are present in lots of everyday foods and drinks. Citrus fruits like oranges and lemons contain citric acid, another name for vinegar is ethanoic acid. Coca cola contains phosphoric acid and there is even acid in our stomachs called Hydrochloric acid. Does anyone know why we might have acid in our stomachs???? We call these weak acids and they arent harmful to us. In the lab there are some stronger acids and these can be really dangerous, things like sulphuric acid and nitric acid and these have to be handled with care
- Alkalis are found in soaps and other materials used for cleaning. It is safe to handle everyday alkalis they feel soapy and are known as WEAK ALKALIS. Some alkalis like those found in the laboratory or in cleaning materials such as toilet cleaner are too dangerous to touch. They can burn through skin and are known as STONG ALKALIS. They must ALWAYS be handled carefully.
- As we have discovered there are lots of different chemicals all around us. Some chemicals might be really dangerous and some not. Scientists needed to find out a way of determining which acids and alkalis were strong and so dangerous so they knew to handle with care. The pH scale was invented to show how strong different chemicals are. The scale goes from 1-14 and the acids are represented in 1-6 with alkalias being 8-14. pH 7 represents pure water, it is neither acidic or alkaline. The trouble is now adays ewven bottled water has lot sof minerals dissolved in it so its never excatly pure and pH 7. The further the numbers are from neutral the more acidic or alkaline the substance is. Therefore pH 1 means the acid is very very very strong. What cam I strong acid do?? Corrosive dangerous. The way we can make these colours is by using something called an INDICATOR. Today we are going to use UNIVERSAL INDICATOR when you add this indicator it either makes acidic substances change reddy colours for example lemon juice or if the substance is alkaline it will make it turn blue/purple depending on how strong it is.
- Health and safety – although most of these chemicals are safe DO NOT TASTE anything even if you recognise the name. Use 2 or 3 drops of Universal Indicator and no more. Tie long hair back, goggles and lab coats for anyone who wants them.
- This is really useful for example you saw earlier that when you get stung by a wasp it is an alkaline substance in order to treat this stong and NEUTRALISE it you can add an acid like vinegar it can reduce the pain. Sometimes acid rain can make soils become acidic which isnt good for the plants so they are neutralised using LIME which is an alkali.