This document provides an overview of chemical reactions and equations. It discusses chemical changes and how they can be represented by balanced chemical equations. The main types of chemical reactions covered are combination reactions, decomposition reactions, displacement reactions, and oxidation-reduction reactions. Examples of each type of reaction are given. The document also explains how to balance chemical equations by ensuring equal numbers of each type of atom on both sides of the reaction equation.
Class 10 l Science l Chemistry l Lesson 1: Chemical equations and reactionsMoulyaT
This is a PPT of chemistry science class 10 "chemical equations and reactions". This is also a very helpful material for notes. Please find it helpful and don't forget to like this PPT for my efforts. Thank you :-)
Class 10 l Science l Chemistry l Lesson 1: Chemical equations and reactionsMoulyaT
This is a PPT of chemistry science class 10 "chemical equations and reactions". This is also a very helpful material for notes. Please find it helpful and don't forget to like this PPT for my efforts. Thank you :-)
condition for the chemical change ICSE class 9tabishkamran
in this module will discuss about the condition for the chemical change . what are the factors are responsible for the chemical change. and idea of catalyst
PowerPoint Presentation on the topic - 'Acids, Bases and Salts'. For Class - 10th.
Created By - 'Neha Rohtagi'
I hope that you will found this presentation useful and it will help you out for your concept understanding.
Thank You!
condition for the chemical change ICSE class 9tabishkamran
in this module will discuss about the condition for the chemical change . what are the factors are responsible for the chemical change. and idea of catalyst
PowerPoint Presentation on the topic - 'Acids, Bases and Salts'. For Class - 10th.
Created By - 'Neha Rohtagi'
I hope that you will found this presentation useful and it will help you out for your concept understanding.
Thank You!
An attempt to make the description of chemical reactions a mini-story. Not the best story by any means, but it was pretty well received by the students.
Chemistry is involved with various and diverse interactions of matter either around us or simply inside the laboratory. These are described using the language of chemistry which consists of symbols, formulas and equations.
Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions, loss and gain of electrons, Balancing redox reactions, Half reaction method, Types of redox reaction- direct and indirect method, Electrochemical cell, Classification of redox reactions.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
3. Chemical changes
The formation of new substances takes place
with different chemical properties is called
chemical changes. A chemical change can be
confirmed by any or all of the following
observations:
•change in state
•change in color
•change in temperature
•evolution of gas
4.
5. • A chemical change is always accompanied by
a chemical reaction. Reaction is the term
used for depicting a change or
transformation in which a substance
decomposes, combines with other substances,
or interchanges constituents with other
substances.
6. Representing a reaction in a sentence form can be
quite complex and laborious at times. Thus, to write
a concise chemical reaction, equations of the
reactions are written. These equations can be
written in different ways such as word equations
and chemical equations. In a word equation,
reactants are written on the left hand side of a
forward arrow.
7.
8.
9. A chemical equation has reactants on the left
hand side. Reactants are substances that are
present at the initiation of a reaction. Hence,
magnesium (Mg) and oxygen (O2) are reactants.
On the other hand, new substances formed after
the completion of the reaction are termed as
products. Thus, magnesium oxide (MgO) which is
written on the right hand side of the equation is a
product. The arrow in the equation signifies the
direction of change.
10. Thus, a chemical equation is an easier and
more concise method for representing a
chemical reaction. It involves writing symbols
and formulae (instead of words) for all
substances involved in the reaction. A chemical
equation also indicates the number of atoms of
each element involved in a reaction.
12. Word equation
The above chemical reaction between zinc and
mineral acid can be represented as:
Zinc + Hydrogen chloride → Zinc chloride +
Hydrogen
In a word equation, the reactants are written on
the left hand side of a forward arrow. The products
are written on the right hand side of this arrow.
The arrow signifies that the reaction proceeds from
the reactants towards the products.
13.
14. In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the
reactants should be equal to the total mass
of the products. This means that the total
number of atoms of each element should be
equal on both sides of a chemical equation. Such
an equation is called a balanced
chemical equation, and the method by which it
is obtained is called balancing of chemical
equations.
17. Step II: List the number of atoms of the various
elements present in the unbalanced equation in
the form of a table.
Element
Number of atoms on the Number of atoms on the
reactant side (L.H.S)
product side (R.H.S)
Ba
1
1
Cl
2
3
Al
2
1
S
3
1
O
12 (4×3)
4
18. Step III: In the next step, select a compound which
contains the maximum number of atoms. In this
case, the compound will be Aluminium sulphate (it
has 2 atoms of Al, 3 atoms of S, and 12 atoms of O).
From this compound, select the element which has
the maximum number of atoms, and which is
present in only one compound on both sides i.e.
oxygen in this case.
19. To balance the number of oxygen atoms, we
can multiply barium sulphate present on the
right hand side by 3 (as shown below). It should
be kept in mind that coefficient ‘3’ will be
written as 3BaSO4 and not as (BaSO4)3.
Oxygen atoms
Number of atoms Number of atoms
on L.H.S
on R.H.S
Before balancing
12 in Al2(SO4)3
4 in BaSO4
To balance
12
3×4
22. Step IV: As the atoms of both oxygen and
sulphur are balanced, balance the atoms of
Aluminium.
Aluminium atoms Number of atoms Number of atoms
on L.H.S
on R.H.S
2 in Al2(SO4)3
1 in AlCl3
Before balancing
To balance
2
2×1
23.
24. Element
Number of atoms Number of atoms
on L.H.S
on R.H.S
Ba
3
3
Cl
6
6
Al
2
2
S
3
3
O
12
12
25. To make a chemical equation more informative,
the physical state of the reactants and the products
is mentioned along with their chemical formulae.
They are written in common brackets.
Solids are denoted by writing (s),
Liquids are denoted by writing (l),
Gases are denoted by writing (g), and
Solutions in water are denoted by writing (aq).
26.
27. The energy changes involved in a reaction
are denoted by writing the changes
involved in the equation itself.
If energy is used in the reaction, then it will
be written on the left hand side. If it is
released in the process, then it is written on
the right hand side.
28.
29. Combination
Reactions
Chemical reactions are primarily of five types.
They are listed as follows:
1.Combination reactions
2.Decomposition reactions
3.Displacement reactions
4.Double displacement reactions
5.Oxidation and reduction reactions
35. Decomposition reactions require a source of energy
in the form of heat, light, or electricity to decompose
the compound involved. Hence, these reactions can
be classified into three types, depending on the
source of energy for the reaction.
a) Decomposition by heat or thermal decomposition
b) Decomposition by electricity or electrolysis
c) Decomposition by light or photolysis
37. In this reaction, one compound i.e. calcium
carbonate breaks down to form two
compounds, namely calcium oxide and carbon
dioxide. Hence, it is an example of
decomposition reactions. Commercially, this
reaction is very important as calcium oxide
(obtained as a product in this reaction) is used
in cement and glass industries.
38. b) Decomposition by electricity
When electricity is passed through water
containing a few drops of sulphuric acid, it
breaks down to give its constituent elements as
products i.e. hydrogen and oxygen. This is
known as electrolysis of water.
39. c) Decomposition by light
When silver chloride is kept in the sun, it
decomposes to form chlorine gas and silver. As
the reaction proceeds, the white coloured silver
chloride turns grey because of the formation of
silver. Chlorine produced in the reaction escapes
into the environment as it is produced in the
gaseous state.
40.
41.
42. Displacemen
t Reactions
In displacement reactions, a more reactive
metal replaces a less reactive metal from the
latter’s salt.
Displacement reactions are of two types:
1.Single Displacement Reactions
2.Double Displacement Reactions
43. Single Displacement Reactions can be
better understood with the help of the
following figure.
In the above figure, you have three blocks. It
will be observed that while red and blue blocks
are fixed in, green block is aloof. Now, if a blue
block is detached from the red and fixed into
the green, it will mean that the green block
displaces the red block.
44. Thus, in a single displacement reaction, an
uncombined single element replaces the other
in a compound.
45. These blocks are detached. Then, the blue block is
exchanged with the yellow block. This represents
a double displacement reaction.
A Double Displacement Reaction is a bimolecular
process in which parts of two compounds are
exchanged to give two new compounds. The
general equation used to represent double
displacement reactions can be written as:
AB + CD → AD + BC
46. Double Displacement Reactions have two common
features: 1.Firstly, two compounds exchange their ions
resulting in the formation of new compounds.
2. Secondly, one of the new products formed would
be separated from the mixture in some way
(commonly as a solid or gas).
Double Displacement Reactions can be further
classified as precipitation, gas formation, and acidbase neutralization reactions.
47. Oxidation and
Reduction
Reactions
Oxidation is defined as a process that involves
a gain of oxygen or a loss of hydrogen. When a
substance gains oxygen or loses hydrogen
during a reaction, it is oxidized.
Reduction is defined as a process that involves
a gain of hydrogen or a loss of oxygen. When a
substance loses oxygen or gains hydrogen
during a reaction, it is reduced.
48. Oxidation and reduction always take place
simultaneously. Therefore, reactions
involving oxidation and reduction are
known as Redox (‘Red’ for reduction and
‘ox’ for oxidation) reactions. In a redox
reaction, one substance is oxidized, while the
other is reduced.
49. The substances that are reduced (provide
oxygen or remove hydrogen) in course of the
reaction are called oxidizing agents. These
substances oxidize other chemicals in the
reaction and are reduced in the process. On the
other hand, the substances that are oxidized
(remove oxygen or provide hydrogen) are
called reducing agents.
50. For example:
In the above reaction, CO2 gets reduced to CO
and here, CO2 is the oxidizing agent. On the
other hand, hydrogen gets oxidized to form
water and here, H2 is the reducing agent.
51. Corrosion
It may be defined as a process where materials,
usually metals, are deteriorated because of a
chemical reaction with air, moisture, chemicals,
etc. For example, corrosion causes damage to
car bodies, bridges, iron railings, ships, and all
objects made of metals (especially those made
from iron).
52.
53. Rancidity
When fats and oils are oxidized, they become
rancid and their smell and taste also changes.
Thus, the oxidation of fats and oils can be easily
observed by a change in their taste and smell.
54. Oxidation of food can be prevented in many ways. Two
common methods are discussed below.
1. Storing food in air tight containers. By doing so, the
oxygen available for oxidation becomes limited. Hence,
oxidation can be prevented.
2. Sometimes, antioxidants are added to food to
prevent their oxidation. These antioxidants are oxidized
first, which slows down the process of rancidity. These
are reducing agents. Normally, vitamin C and vitamin E
are added as antioxidants.