Carbohydrate Counting for insulin dose adjustmentltejas86
Carbohydrate counting is the method of estimating carbohydrates from your meal and adjusting insulin dose to keep blood sugar levels under control. It is easy and very effective specially for children with type 1 diabetes. It offers variety and flexibility in the diet at the same time improves blood sugar profile.
Learn about which sports supplements and ergogenic aids are effective! Registered Dietitian Nutritionist David Wiss MS RDN shares the latest research and his professional experience.
Carbohydrate Counting for insulin dose adjustmentltejas86
Carbohydrate counting is the method of estimating carbohydrates from your meal and adjusting insulin dose to keep blood sugar levels under control. It is easy and very effective specially for children with type 1 diabetes. It offers variety and flexibility in the diet at the same time improves blood sugar profile.
Learn about which sports supplements and ergogenic aids are effective! Registered Dietitian Nutritionist David Wiss MS RDN shares the latest research and his professional experience.
You will learn how to calculate body mass index (BMI) when given height and weight information, and describe the health implications of any given BMI value. You will also learn how to calculate yout total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) , and describe the roles of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and several other factors in determining an individual’s daily energy needs. The role of hormones that control your weight and strategies to "fix' those hormones will also be explored
this is internship report on the topic of food science and nutrition.This internship was completed in Fatima Memorial hospital Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. There some major disease which have been covered in this report.
You will learn how to calculate body mass index (BMI) when given height and weight information, and describe the health implications of any given BMI value. You will also learn how to calculate yout total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) , and describe the roles of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and several other factors in determining an individual’s daily energy needs. The role of hormones that control your weight and strategies to "fix' those hormones will also be explored
this is internship report on the topic of food science and nutrition.This internship was completed in Fatima Memorial hospital Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. There some major disease which have been covered in this report.
Life Style Modifications IN PCOD Dr. DEEPIKA KOHLI / Dr. SHARDA JAIN / Dr. J...Lifecare Centre
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)
Woman’s hormones go out of balance in PCOD.
It can cause problems with menstrual periods and ovulation, making her difficult to get pregnant
Bethany Doerfler MS, RD, LDN discusses top nutrition concerns of scleroderma patients, as well as the results of a recent medical nutrition therapy study. She also discusses strategies for healthy eating, combating GI issues, maintaining muscle, a Mediterranean diet, supplements and more.
Diabetes Mellitus
Evelyn Schumacher, MS, RD, CDE, Shands Jacksonville
May 27. 2005 - UNF Hispanic Health Issues Seminar
This is part 4 of an 8 part series of seminars on Hispanic Health Issues brought to you by the University of North Florida’s Dept. of Public Health, College of Health, a grant from AETNA, and the cooperation of Duval County Health Department.
Good nutrition for women starts with a well-rounded diet consisting of whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, healthy fats, and lean sources of protein. In addition, women have specific vitamin and mineral requirements throughout their lifespan to promote good health. This program will cover establishing good nutrition habits that will provide women with plenty of energy and the means for lifelong weight control.
What Should I Eat includes information and answers to patient questions regarding diet, nutrition and scleroderma. It is presented by Bethany Doerfler, MS, RD, LDN
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
14. PLASMA GLUCOSE RANDOM
Level Unit Normal level
Plasma glucose
random
241.33 mg/dl 60-140
Serum Creatinine 1.46 mg/dl 0.5-1.5
15. CASE STUDY INTERPRETATION
Case of Type 2 Diabetes
The all other biological parameters are all normal.
Hyperglycemic index.
The persons BMI is also normal.
19. DISTRIBUTIONS OF EXCHANGES
Food
Group
Total Breakfast
Mid
morning
Lunch Evening
Mid
evening
Dinner Bed time
Cereals 6 1 2 1 2
Pulses 1 1
Nuts and
oilseeds
½ ½
Milk and
milk products
2.5 ½ 2/3 ½ 2/3
Potato 1 1/2 1/2
vegetable 3 ½ 1 1 ½
FRUITS 2 1 1
Sugar 3 1 1 1
Fats and oil 4 1 1` 2
24. DISTRIBUTIONS OF EXCHANGES
FOOD
GROUP
TOTAL EARL
Y
MORN
ING
BREAK
FAST
MID
MORN
ING
LUNC
H
MID
LUN
CH
SNAC
K
MID
EVENI
NG
DINN
ER
BED
TIM
E
Cereals 6.5 1 2 1.5 2
Pulses 2.5 1 1.5
Milk and
milk product
4 1 1/3 2/3 1/3 2/3 1
Vegetables 3 1 0.5 1.5
FRUITS 1 1
Fats and oil 4 1 1 1 1
25. EXCHANGE LIST
FOOD
EXCHANG
E
No. Of
exchange
Amount
(gm)
Energy
(Kcal) CHO (gm) Protein (gm) Fat (gm)
Cereal 7 210 700 154 17.5 3.5
Pulses 2.5 75 250 42.5 17.5 1.25
Milk & milk
products 4 600 400 28 20 24
Vegetable 3 300 105 21 6 0
Fruits 1 50 12.5 0 0
Sugar 0 5 0 0 0 0
Fats & oils 4 20 180 0 0 20
1700 258 61 48.75
Percentage % 60.71 14.35 25.81
INTERPRETATION: The patient intake was Adequate.
DAY 3 FULL DIABETIC DIET (1700 kcals)
27. AVERAGE NUTRITIONAL
PROFILE OF HOSPITAL RECALL
Energy
Kcal
Protein
gms
CHO
gms
Fats
gms
Day 1 1600 56 231.5 50.5
Day 2 1650 59.75 247 48.5
Day 3 1700 61 258 48.75
Average 1650 57.9 245.5 49.25
32. DISCHARGE DIET MENU
7:00 am Early morning 1 Cup Milk (150ml) without sugar
8:30- 9:00am Breakfast Tea:1/3 cup milk (without sugar)
1 bowl Upma/ poha/khakra(3)/uttapa(2)
/thalipit/idli
11:00am Mid morning Fruit
1:00 pm Lunch ½ bowl rice
3 Phulka
1 bowl Dal
1 bowl vegetable and salad
1k Curd:100 ml
3:00pm Mid lunch 1 bowl soup/salad
5:00pm Snacks Tea:1/3 cup milk (without sugar)
Khakra/dhokla/bhel/chivda/rawa porridge
7:00 Mid evening Fruits
9:00 Dinner ½ bowl rice
3 Phulka
1 bowl Dal
1 bowl vegetable and salad
1k curd:100ml
11:00 Bed time 1 cup milk without sugar
34. GENERAL DIETARY INSTRUCTIONS
Foods To Be Avoided Foods To Be
Restricted
Foods Allowed
•Sugar, honey, jaggery, sweet
items
•Fried foods
•Thickening agents like corn
flour and Maida in soups
•Soft drinks , fruit juices and
alcohol.
•Reused oils and
hydrogenated fats (dalda,
vanaspati)
•Refined and processed food
items, maida preparations
•Oily and thick gravies
prepared of coconut, cashew
nut, ground nuts etc., and
oily pickles
•High Calorie Vegetables like
Potato, Sweet potato
•Green leafy vegetable
•Salads
•Soup
•Fruits
•Buttermilk
•Lime water without sugar
35. DIETARY TIPS
Avoid fasting & skipping meals
Space out the meals like proper breakfast, mid morning, lunch,
evening snack, dinner and a bed time snack.
Drink plenty of water (8-10 glasses per day)
Whole cereals, Whole Pulses, Milk & Milk products, and Fresh Fruits
as advised.
Prefer almonds and walnut among nuts (3-4 pieces) in a day
Oil consumption should be restricted to ½ kg/ month/ person i.e., 3-
4 teaspoon per day. Avoid trans fatty acid (reused oils,
Dalda,Vanspati)
