pneumonia and malnutrition

1. WHY SEVERELY
MALNOURISHED CHILDREN
IS AT GREATER RISK FOR
DEVELOPING PNEUMONIA ?
PRESENTED BY :-
SHAZMEEN INAMDAR.
ROLL NO 33.
TYFSN.
DR.B.M.N. COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE
NAAC Re-accredited A+ Grade with CGPA 3.69/4.
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2. INTRODUCTION
• Pneumonia is the inflammation of the lung
tissue due to infection by various agent.
• Worldwide pneumonia kills 1child every sec.
• Pneumonia and Malnutrition are two leading
cause of deaths of morbidity in worldwide
among children. Malnutrition alone is
associated with 56% of death worldwide
among children under 5years of age.
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SHAZMEEN INAMDAR
DR.B.M.N. COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE
NAAC Re-accredited A+ Grade with CGPA 3.69/4.

3. MALNUTRION:- Malnutrition refers
to insufficient, excessive or imbalanced
consumption of nutrients by an organisms.
TYPES OF MALNUTRITION.
• UNDERNUTRITION
• OVERNUTRITION
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SHAZMEEN INAMDAR
DR.B.M.N. COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE
NAAC Re-accredited A+ Grade with CGPA 3.69/4.

4. 4
• UNDERNUTRITION:- It is a condition
in which there is inadequate consumption, poor
absorption or excessive loss of nutrients.
• OVERNUTRITION:- It is cased by
overindulgence or excessive intake of specific
nutrients.
SHAZMEEN INAMDAR
DR.B.M.N. COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE
NAAC Re-accredited A+ Grade with CGPA 3.69/4.

5. SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION
• Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) among children 6-
59months of age is defined by World Health
Organisation (WHO) and UNICEF as any of the
following criteria:-
i. Weight-for-height below -3standard deviation (SD
or Z scores) of the median WHO growth reference;
ii. visible severe wasting;
iii. Mid upper arm circumference below 11.5cm.
iv. This classification is used to identify children at high
risk of death.
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SHAZMEEN INAMDAR
DR.B.M.N. COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE
NAAC Re-accredited A+ Grade with CGPA 3.69/4.

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CLASSIFICATION OF UNDERNUTRION
1. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
• WHO classification.
• INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PEDIATRIC CLASSIFICATION
GRADE OF UNDERNUTRITION WEIGHT FOR AGE (%). STANDARD
Normal > 80
Grade 1 71 – 80 mild malnutrition
Grade 2 61 – 70 moderate
Grade 3 51 – 60 severe
Grade 4 <51 very severe.
SHAZMEEN INAMDAR
DR.B.M.N. COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE
NAAC Re-accredited A+ Grade with CGPA 3.69/4.

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2.CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION OF
UNDERNUTRITION.
• MARASMUS
• KWASHIORKOR
• MARASMIC KWASHIORKOR
• PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION.
SHAZMEEN INAMDAR
DR.B.M.N. COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE
NAAC Re-accredited A+ Grade with CGPA 3.69/4.

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CLINICAL
FINDINGS
MARASMUS KWASHIORKOR
Occurrence More common Less common
Edema Absent Present
Activity Active Apathetic
Appetite Good Poor
Liver
enlargement
Absent Present
Mortality Less than
kwashiorkor
High in early stage
Recovery Less prone More prone.
SHAZMEEN INAMDAR
DR.B.M.N. COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE
NAAC Re-accredited A+ Grade with CGPA 3.69/4.

9. CAUSES OF MALNUTRITION*
Research Paper:-
Justice K Aheto et al (2015): In this research they observed that
among 2083 children suffering from Malnutrition studied, 588
were moderately stunted, 276 were Underweight and 176 were
wasted. Longer ‘breast-feeding duration, multiple births,
experience of diarrhoeal episodes, Multiple births, experience of
diaarhoeal episodes, small size at birth, absence of toilet
facilities in households, are associated with increase risk of
malnutrition. OTHER
CAUSES.
INADEQUATE
CARE
HUNGER
NATURAL
DISASTER
POVERTY
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SHAZMEEN INAMDAR
DR.B.M.N. COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE
NAAC Re-accredited A+ Grade with CGPA 3.69/4.

10. EFFECTS OF MALNUTRITION
ON ORGANS
Disturb
the
activity
of
SMALL &
LARGE
INTESTINE
LIVER &
PANCREAS
CARDIO -
VASCULA
R
SYSTEM
ENDOCRI
NE
SYSTEM
LYMPHATIC
SYSTEM
CENTRAL
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
ON NUTRIENTS
Iron
Vitamin A
ProteinCalcium
Vitamin B
AURI ALRI
INCREASE RISK OF INFECTION IN MALNUTRITION
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SHAZMEEN INAMDAR
DR.B.M.N. COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE
NAAC Re-accredited A+ Grade with CGPA 3.69/4.

11. PNEUMONIA
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the alveoli as the
result of an infectious process or the presence of
foreign materials.
Causative Organisms of Pneumonia:-*
It includes various gram positive, gram negative and non–
bacterial organisms.
*Research Paper:-
M. Singh et al (2016):They did Microbial analysis of 377children
suffering from severe pneumonia. They found that 28.6% of
samples were positive for Streptococcus Pneumonia, 9.6% were
positive for Haemophilus influenza Pneumonia & 8.5% were
positive for both the sample. Respiratory Synthical Virus was
detected in 27% but the rate of isolation of S.Pneumonia &
H.influenza was significantly more in the age group of 12-
59months.
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SHAZMEEN INAMDAR
DR.B.M.N. COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE
NAAC Re-accredited A+ Grade with CGPA 3.69/4.

12. FEVER
CRACKLES AND
WHEEZES
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PNEUMONIA:-
COUGHCHILLS DYSPEA
CLASSIFICATIONS OF PNEUMONIA
BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA
VIRAL AND
MYCOPLASMAL
PNEUMONIA*
OTHER TYPES OF
PNEUMONIA
1) LOBAR PNEUMONIA
2) BRONCHOPNEUMONIA (LOBULAR
PNEUMONIA)
3) INFLUENZA PNEUMONIA
1) LEGIONELLA PNEUMONIA
2) ASPIRATION (INHALATION)
PNEUMONIA
3) HYPOSTATIC PNEUMONIA
4) LIPID PNEUMONIA
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SHAZMEEN INAMDAR
DR.B.M.N. COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE
NAAC Re-accredited A+ Grade with CGPA 3.69/4.

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*RESEARCH PAPER:- N.ElBasha et al (2013): States
that Community acquired Pneumonia accounts for
more than 2million death per year in children less
than 5years of age who are mostly from developing
countries. In this study conducted, 50% of the
Causative organisms were Viruses in which RSV
(Respiratory Syntical Virus) was predominant.
SHAZMEEN INAMDAR
DR.B.M.N. COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE
NAAC Re-accredited A+ Grade with CGPA 3.69/4.

14. CONCLUSION
1. *RESEARCH PAPER:- M. Freemark (2016): Used Metabolomics analysis to
characterise metabolic status of children with Severe Acute Malnutrition and
found changes in hormones, metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines during
nutritional therapy. Likewise low Leptin is on of the major causes of high risk of
death among children with Severe Acute Malnutrition.
2. *RESEARCH PAPER:- Mohd J. Christi et al (2014) They observed that The
respiratory tract below the bronchi is usually sterile, but when addition of host
happen the bacteria gain access to alveolus in children who are severely
malnourished because they are defecient in immune response and result in
pathogen survival. In the oresence od fluid in lungs, bacterua can spread quickly
among all the alveoli. The disease can progress including clustering of red blood
cells. Many death from bacterial pneumonia is because of respiratory faikure due
it fluid-filled air spaces complicated by shock and acidosis.
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WHY SEVERELY MALNOURISHED CHILDREN IS AT
GREATER RISK FOR DEVELOPING PNEUMONIA ?**
SHAZMEEN INAMDAR
DR.B.M.N. COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE
NAAC Re-accredited A+ Grade with CGPA 3.69/4.

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