The study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity among young girls aged 18-22 years in the Dawoodi Bohra community in central Mumbai. A sample of 405 girls was assessed using anthropometric measurements, dietary recalls, and questionnaires. The results found a 5% prevalence of obesity and 15% prevalence of overweight individuals. Obese and overweight subjects had higher calorie and fat intake compared to recommendations. Neck circumference of 33.35cm or more accurately predicted obesity with high sensitivity and specificity. Overall, dietary patterns needed improvement and more physical activity was recommended to manage weight.
Body Mass Index(BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify underweight, overweight and obesity in adults. The BMI Calculator helps you calculate your BMI - http://bit.ly/2HZbphQ
Body Mass Index(BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify underweight, overweight and obesity in adults. The BMI Calculator helps you calculate your BMI - http://bit.ly/2HZbphQ
Non-communicalbe diseases and its preventionShoaib Kashem
Non communicable disease account for a large and increasing burden of disease worldwide. It is currently estimated that non communicable disease accounts for approximately 60% of global deaths and 43% of global disease burden. This is projected to increase to 73% of deaths and 60% of disease burden by 2020.
My seminar Obesity by Hani
Obesity is a public health and policy problem because of its increase prevalence, costs and health effect. (WHO, 2012, National heart lung and blood institute. 2012)
. The risk factor for chronic disease are highly prevalence (Zindah, Belbeisi, Walke & Makdad 2008)
The obesity and the overweight are risk for number of chronic disease include diabetes cardio vascular disease and cancer (WHO,2010)
Overweight And Obesity : Proven Health Risks, We All Should KnowSanjiv Haribhakti
Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in the body that presents a risk to health. Obesity will have a negative effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. According to WHO, Obesity is one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. For more info visit :- http://gisurgery.info/player_presentation.php?id=133
What are the cardiovascular disorders?
Public Health importance
Burden of disease
Risk factors of cardiovascular disorders
Causation
Prevention strategies
Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs
India - National programme (NPCDCS)
CURRENT CHALLENGES IN WOMEN'S HEALTH,W
OMENS DISEASES,HOW TO MAKE WOMEN HEALTHY,WOMEN EDUCATION AND EMPOWERMENT,EMPLOYMENT,ENVIORMENT,STRATERGIES FOR IMPROVING WOMEN'S HEALTH
As a chronic disease it is prevalent in both developed and developing countries, and affecting children(10-20%) as well as adults(20-40%).Excess weight gain invites many associated diseases.
Obesity in Adolescent- Right Time to InterveneSujoy Dasgupta
Invited lecture by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta in a Webinar by Food, Drugs and Medicosurgical Equipment Committee of FOGSI (Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India) on “Adolescent Nutrition: Challenges and Way Forward” held in November, 2021.
Non-communicalbe diseases and its preventionShoaib Kashem
Non communicable disease account for a large and increasing burden of disease worldwide. It is currently estimated that non communicable disease accounts for approximately 60% of global deaths and 43% of global disease burden. This is projected to increase to 73% of deaths and 60% of disease burden by 2020.
My seminar Obesity by Hani
Obesity is a public health and policy problem because of its increase prevalence, costs and health effect. (WHO, 2012, National heart lung and blood institute. 2012)
. The risk factor for chronic disease are highly prevalence (Zindah, Belbeisi, Walke & Makdad 2008)
The obesity and the overweight are risk for number of chronic disease include diabetes cardio vascular disease and cancer (WHO,2010)
Overweight And Obesity : Proven Health Risks, We All Should KnowSanjiv Haribhakti
Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in the body that presents a risk to health. Obesity will have a negative effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. According to WHO, Obesity is one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. For more info visit :- http://gisurgery.info/player_presentation.php?id=133
What are the cardiovascular disorders?
Public Health importance
Burden of disease
Risk factors of cardiovascular disorders
Causation
Prevention strategies
Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs
India - National programme (NPCDCS)
CURRENT CHALLENGES IN WOMEN'S HEALTH,W
OMENS DISEASES,HOW TO MAKE WOMEN HEALTHY,WOMEN EDUCATION AND EMPOWERMENT,EMPLOYMENT,ENVIORMENT,STRATERGIES FOR IMPROVING WOMEN'S HEALTH
As a chronic disease it is prevalent in both developed and developing countries, and affecting children(10-20%) as well as adults(20-40%).Excess weight gain invites many associated diseases.
Obesity in Adolescent- Right Time to InterveneSujoy Dasgupta
Invited lecture by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta in a Webinar by Food, Drugs and Medicosurgical Equipment Committee of FOGSI (Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India) on “Adolescent Nutrition: Challenges and Way Forward” held in November, 2021.
Organised once every four years, the 12th FENS European Nutrition Conference is being held this year in Berlin, from 20th to 23rd October. On this occasion, YINI is delighted to be part of the programme, hosting a symposium on a very topical subject: "Yogurt consumption benefits: global findings & perspectives". This insightful session, chaired by Prof Dr Raanan Shamir (Israel) and Andrew Prentice (UK), took place on Thursday 22th October, at 16.30 and was led by renowned experts in the fields of obesity, nutrition and diabetes!
Dr Richard Atkinson
He has worked in obesity research and treatment for over 40 years, is interested in obesity policy, and has advocated for young investigator programs nationally and internationally. His research
includes causes and treatments of obesity, particularly obesity drugs, obesity surgery, and virus-induced obesity. His laboratory demonstrated that human adenovirus-36 produces obesity in animals and is associated with obesity in humans.
In summary
The York Health Economics Consortium and collaborators performed a comprehensive literature search identifying papers on yogurt and weight management. Selection criteria were studies of classical yogurt only, probiotic bacteria were excluded, as were studies on individuals with various diseases. From 13,000 potential papers, 69 met potential criteria and 22 were selected, including 7 cross-sectional, 6 cohort, 2 crossover, and 7 controlled trials. All cross-sectional and cohort trials showed a beneficial association of yogurt and one or more body weight/composition measures. Limitations were that all dietary data were self-reported, confounding variables not completely controlled, and correlation is not causation. Two crossover studies were small, short duration, and uninterpretable. Five of seven controlled trials had major limitations including self-report of intake, inadequate or irrelevant research design, few subjects, inadequate description, etc. One well controlled, randomized study had clear results showing a beneficial effect of yogurt, but improper design to address effects of yogurt alone. Five of six RCT showed a beneficial effect of yogurt, but only one was significant. Yogurt is a “health food” accepted by most people and has potential for prevention and treatment of overweight/obesity. Previous studies give optimism for yogurt for weight management, but future well-designed randomized, controlled trials for proof of principle and large population studies for feasibility are needed.
Do diet and exercise play a role in breast cancer risk or survival? Jennifer Ligibel, MD, director of the Zakim Center for Integrative Therapies at Dana-Farber, discusses the benefits of a healthy lifestyle for young women with cancer.
This presentation was originally given on Oct. 16, 2015 at the Young Women with Breast Cancer Forum, hosted by the Program for Young Women with Breast Cancer in the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, in Boston, Mass.
Learn more: http://www.susanfsmith.org
Nutritional Trends and Implications for Weight Loss Surgerymilfamln
Learning Objectives:
1. Describe and list the types of bariatric surgeries.
2. Identify current practice guidelines for MNT in bariatrics.
3. Identify key factors in pre-op assessments for long-term success.
Audio and slides for this presentation are available on YouTube: http://youtu.be/f0c2vMxQtUo
Nancy Lin, MD, a breast oncologist in the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers at Dana-Farber, shares new data and research studies linking a healthy lifestyle to better treatment outcomes.
Childhood obesity the other aspect of malnutritionvckg1987
this presentation mainly deals with childhood obesity where the current trends of it in India and statewise has been shown, there are various classification which are made for childhood obesity but there is confusion which one to choose, so this confusion is removed in this presentation, then moving on the strategies made for preventing the childhood obesity in various countries has been mentioned.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
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Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
1. Prevalence of obesity among the
young girls (18-22 yrs) of Dawoodi
Bohra Community in Central
Mumbai.
Ms. Sakina A Ratlamwala
Guided by- Mrs. Anuradha Shekhar
2. Introduction
• Obesity is a chronic disorder of energy imbalance.
It exists all over the world and is increasing at an
alarming rate in developed and developing
countries . Obesity may be defined as a condition
in which excessive accumulation of fat in adipose
tissue has taken place. According to WHO obesity
is caused when BMI is greater than 25kg/m2 and
on the other hand if the percentage of the body
fat in males is greater than 25 percent and in
females is greater than 30 percent
www. apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html
3. Aim
• To find the prevalence of obesity among the
young girls of Dawoodi Bohra community.
4. Objectives
• To determine the prevalence of overweight and
obesity among young Bohri girls of age (18-22 yrs).
• To assess the anthropometric measurements and to
compare their BMI to their nutritional status.
• To assess the body composition using skin fold
measurements.
• To establish the neck circumference and foot length
measurements as markers of obesity.
• To evaluate the nutritional status and eating pattern
of the obese individuals using one day dietary recall.
• To analyze the clinical symptoms using a
questionnaire
5. Methodology
Distribution of pamphlets
Saifee mohalla husaini kutbi fatemi
405 sample of 18-22 year old girls
study conducted in a community hall
Using a questionaire background information
obtained
6. Cont..
1. Anthropometric assessment
• Height
• Weight
• Calculation of BMI
• Circumference measurements-waist
circumference, Hip circumference, WHR, mid
upper arm circumference.
• Skin fold measurements-bicep, tricep,
subscapular, suprailiac.
• Foot length and neck circumference.
7. Cont..
2. Clinical assessment
3. Dietary assessment
4. Family history
5. Medical history
Followed by calculation of body density, body fat%, fitness score
based on body fat %
Identification of overweight and obese subjects from the sample
(using WHO cut offs for BMI)
Subsample of 58 overweight and obese selected and nutritional
assessment using 24 hr dietary recall was done
8. Results and discussions
Background information
• Educational status- Maximum number of subjects (n=202) 49.9%, had obtained a
higher secondary certificate.
• Marital status- Maximum of (n=321) 79.3% were unmarried
• Type of family- nuclear family system was predominant in the community (n=250)
• Work related information- 18 % (n=73) of the total sample were working from
which 16.8% of subject had a desk job and a very minute percentage (1.2%) had a
field job.
• Family monthly income- a majority (45.4%) of the subjects fell in the highest
income range of above 15000 Rs per month
9. Anthropometric details
• BMI classification- the prevalence of Obesity
underweight
32%
normal
48%
overweight
15%
obese
5%
BMI classification
10. Cont..
• Fitness Classification based on body fat %
21%
15.6%
25.2%
26.4%
11.9%
fitness scale as per body fat percentage
excellent: 9-18.9
good: 19-22.1
fair: 22.2-25
poor: 25.1-29.6
very poor:
>29.6
Sen Ray K., Iqbal R., Body Composition: Terms And Techniques,2010: 1; 1-5, In: Methodologies For Fitness
Assessment, Anne Books Pvt. Ltd.
11. Co-relation of BMI and Fitness scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
underweight normal overweight obese
excellent
good
fair
poor
very poor
significant correlation at p=0.001
12. Neck circumference and foot length
• Significant correlation between foot length and obesity (p=0.002) as well as neck
circumference and obesity (p=0.000) was found
• Best cut-off of Neck Circumference is ≥33.35cms to predict obesity with sensitivity=89.5%
and specificity=90.9% for the present study.
• A study done in Israel among 979 subjects, for screening obesity using neck circumference
on the same lines reported NC 37 cm for men and 34 cm for women were the best cut off
levels for determining the subjects with BMI 25.0 kg/m2 using the receiver output curve
analysis with a 98% sensitivity, 89% specificity and NC 39.5 cm for men and 36.5 cm for
women were the best cut off levels for determining the subjects with BMI 30 kg/m2 with
93% sensitivity, 90% specificity. Similarly in Chinese subjects Receiver operating
characteristic analysis showed a neck circumference of ≥38 cm for men and ≥35 cm for
women was the best cut off point for determining overweight subjects
Noun B. ; Neck Circumference as a Simple Screening Measure for Identifying Overweight and Obese Patients, Obesity Research (2001) 9,
470–477
Yang G.R., Neck circumference positively related with central obesity, overweight, and metabolic syndrome in Chinese subjects with type
2 diabetes: Beijing Community Diabetes Study 4, Diabetes care 2010 Nov;33(11):2465-7. Epub 2010 Aug 19
13. Comparison of Obese and Non obese
as per BMI and neck circumference
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
obese non obese
4.70%
95.30%
12.80%
87.20%
As per
BMI
As per
NC
14. Comparison of obesity as per BMI and
Foot length
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
Obese Non Obese
4.70%
95.30%
64.90%
35.50%
As per
BMI
As per FL
The result of ROC analysis reported a cut off of 22.9cm for foot
length measurement to identify obesity with a specificity =33.7%
and sensitivity =36.8%.
15. Correlations of anthropometric measurements with
dietary nutrient intakes.
• A strong positive correlation (p=0.000)
between oil consumption and the weight of
the subjects.
• Similarly oil consumption of the subjects had
positive correlations at a significance of
(p<0.001) with other anthropometric indices
like BMI, waist circumference, hip
circumference, WHR, MUAC and Neck
circumference.
• The body density had a significant negative
correlation at (p<0.05)
16. Correlation between BMI and other
anthropometric parameters
• A significant correlation (p<0.01) between
WHR and BMI, WC and BMI, HC and BMI, and
MUAC and BMI was obtained. Thus these may
be successfully used in the determination of
obesity and its associated co-morbidities.
17. Dietary pattern details
• Regularity of meals- The overweight and obese group had
66.1% and 52.6% regular meal eating habits respectively.
Maximum meal regularity was seen among the normal BMI
group (71.4%).
• Meals per day- four meals a day by each of the BMI
categories was the trend observed.
• Obesity and eating out pattern- highly significant relationship
(χ2=73.864, p=0.0001) with the BMI of the sample in relation
to their eating out patterns . The overweight and obese
individuals displayed the maximum frequencies of eating out
i.e. 39% and 36.8% respectively every alternate day.
18. Diet recall
• Energy: The average energy intake of the subsample was 1981kcal ±309.449kcal.
This average intake is 4.3% higher than the recommended caloric intake of
1899kcal for a young adult lady having reference weight 55kg as per (ICMR, 2010)
• CHO: The mean CHO intake of the subsample as depicted in was 65.19% ±8.77% of
the total caloric intake. This was in accordance to the recommended CHO
requirement as per the recent RDA.
• Protein: The average per day protein intake of the subsample (n=58) was 8.7% ±
2.14% of the total energy intake. As per ICMR daily protein intake calculated for as
per 0.8g/kg B.W is 9.2%of total calorie intake.
• Fat: The recommended fat intake is 20% of the total recommended energy intake.
The obese and overweight subsample demonstrated a mean fat intake of 26%
±8.5% which was significantly higher than the RDA requirements.
19. Clinical assessment
• There were 2.46% (n=10) subjects exhibiting
dryness of skin and 5.18% (n=21) showing
pale inner eyelids. Specific clinical symptoms
like bleeding of gums, pallor, deformities in
nails and teeth, eczema, inflammation of
tongue etc were not observed among the
subjects.
20. Menstrual details
• Age of menarche- The present study data illustrates that the mean
ages of menarche for Underweight, normal, overweight and obese
were 13.24,12.34, 10.76, 11.32 respectively . The relationship test
carried out between obesity and early age of menarche for the
present study showed a significant co-relation (p=0.00) Thus, as
BMI increased age of menarche decreased.
• Regularity of menses- The menstrual irregularity was prominent
among the obese subjects (n=19) with 78.9% . These results
support that obesity influences the menstrual cycle irrespective of
the fat distribution and can cause many reproductive disorders in
women
21. Family history
• Co-relation between obesity and family history of obesity.
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
Not obese Obese
36.30%
(n=140)
94.70%
(n=18)
63.70%
(n=246)
5.30%
(n=1)
No
Yes
obesity of the subjects in relation to their familial history of obesity
showed a very strong significance (p=0.000) of positive co-relation
22. Medical history
• Medication for PCOS was reported to be
consumed by a total of 24 subjects
• Co-relation between PCOS and BMI
.The test result reported a significant co-relation
(χ2=33.357, p=0.000) between increase BMI
and PCOS
23. Physical activity
• Physical activity pattern
n=64
15.81%
n=341
84.19%
physical activity
Exercising
Not exercising
The co-relation analysis between Physical exercise and BMI
reported a significant correlation at (p<0.05).
24. Summary and conclusion
• Prevalence of Obesity and overweight subjects were 5%
and 15%
• The fat percentages of normal BMI subjects were highly fair
and poor pointing to the thin fat phenomenon
• The obese and overweight subjects had increased calorie
and fat consumption as compared to the RDA.
• Best cut-off of Neck Circumference is ≥33.35cms to predict
obesity(≥30kg/m2) with sensitivity=89.5% and
specificity=90.9%. Thus Neck circumference proved to be a
good anthropometric marker of overweight and obesity.
• Finally the dietary and physical activity patterns on a whole
reported increased need to improve the dietary pattern
and eating behaviours of the youth and encourage energy
expenditure by engaging in an exercise regime and active
lifestyle behaviour.