Brown rice has several health benefits over white rice. It is higher in nutrients like magnesium, fiber, and antioxidants. Studies show brown rice may help reduce risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. The antioxidants and fibers in brown rice help lower blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Brown rice also acts as an antioxidant, helping reduce oxidative stress and potentially preventing cancer cell growth. Further research is still needed on the bioavailability of brown rice's beneficial components in humans.

1. HEALTH BENEFITS
OF BROWN RICE
-Shikha Bajaj
TYND
Dr. BMN College of Home Science

2. RICE
Scientific name: Oryza sativa
Monocot plant.
Third largest grown crop after sugarcane and
maize.

3. TYPES OF RICE
Rice
Brown
Rice
White
Rice

4. BROWN RICE
Unpolished whole grain that is produced by
removing only the husk.
Shelf life: 6 months, because the essential oil in
brown rice is susceptible to oxidation, making it
rancid.

5. STRUCTURE OF A RICE
GRAIN

8. Thiamin(mg) 0.34 0.07
Riboflavin(mg) 0.05 0.03
Niacin(mg) 4.7 1.6
Magnesium(mg) 187.0 13
Iron(mg) 1.9 0.5
Nutrient content of rice per 100g:
Nutrient content Brown Rice White Rice
P. Dinesh Babu, R. S. (2009). Brown Rice-Beyond the ColorReviving a Lost
Health Food - A Review. American-Eurasian Journal of Agronomy , 67-72.

9. Nutrients (in one cup of cooked rice):
Nutrient Component Brown Rice White Rice
Energy(kCal) 232 232
Protein(g) 4.88 4.10
Fats(g) 1.17 0.205
Carbohydrates(g) 49.7 49.6
Dietary Fibre(g) 3.32 0.74
Magnesium(mg) 72.2 22.6
Phosphorus(mg) 142 57.4
Potassium(mg) 137 57.4
Zinc(mg) 1.05 0.841
Vitamin E(mg) 1.4 0.462
Folacin (mcg) 10 4.1
Vitamin B6(mg) 0.294 0.103
Selenium(mcg) 26 19

10. Parboiled Rice
Parboiling is the process of partial boiling
of rice along with its husk.

11. White Parboiled
Rice
Brown Parboiled
Rice

12. Germinated Brown Rice
(GBR)

14. Brown Rice and CVD
Hypercholesterolemic effects of GBR: Upregulation of of
apolipoprotein A1 and LDL receptor genes.
Acylated steryl glycoside, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA),
oryzanol and phenolic extracts of GBR contribute to the
nutrigenomic regulations of these genes.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA, is a neurotransmitter that
sends chemical messages through the brain and the nervous
system, and is involved in regulating communication between brain
cells.
MustaphaUmarImam, 1. M. (2013). The Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Germinated Brown Rice
Involves the Upregulation of the Apolipoprotein A1 and Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Genes.
Journal of Diabetes Research .

15. Brown rice as Antioxidant

16. Brown Rice as Antioxidant and
Chemopreventive Agent
Study done on mice:
Oryzanol suppressed the activation of Endoplasmic
Reticulum stress-responsive cis-acting elements.
Oryzanol acts as a chemical chaperone in viable cells.
Chisayo Kozuka, K. Y.-i. (2012, December 1). Brown Rice and Its Component, g-Oryzanol,
Attenuate the Preference for High-Fat Diet by Decreasing Hypothalamic Endoplasmic Reticulum
Stress in Mice . Diabetes .

17.  HepG2 cells GBR Hydrogen Peroxide
{Rich in acylated
glycoside(ASG), gamma
amino butyric
acid(GABA), phenolics or
oryzonol}
pretreated with incubated with
GBR
OH Scavenging
activities
Thiobarbituric acid
reactive
substances(TBARS)
NurDiyanaMdZamri, 1. M. (2014). Antioxidative Effects of Germinated Brown Rice-Derived Extracts on H2O2-Induced
Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine , 11.

18. Brown Rice and Obesity

19. Result: GBR group showed the lowest value in body weight.
Experimental
diet
50% WR
50% BR 50% GBR
Sprague-
Dawley Rats
Choi, H.-D., Kim, Y.-S., Choi, I.-W., Seog, H.-M., & Park, Y.-D. (2006). Anti-obesity and Cholesterol-
lowering Effects of Germinated Brown Rice in Rats Fed with High Fat and Cholesterol Diets. Korean
journal of Food Science and Technology , 674-678.

20. Brown Rice and Diabetes Mellitus

21. Brown Rice and Diabetes Mellitus
 Total Subjects: 28 subjects .
 2 Groups: 14- Meals with WR, 14- Meals with BR for first 8 weeks, then
vice versa.
 On 1st and 14th day: Blood samples were collected after 1, 2 and 4 hours
of meal ingestion.
 Result:
 1) ↓ postprandial blood glucose levels by α-glycosidase inhibitors.
 2) ↑postprandial endothelial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Michio Shimabukuro1, 2. M.-I. (2013). Effects of the brown rice diet on visceral obesity and
endothelial function: the BRAVO study. British Journal of Nutrition , 310-320.

22. Hypoglycaemic
effects
Induction of
insulin-like
growth
factor-1
ASG
reverses
diabetic
neuropathy
and
oxidative
changes
Oryzanol ↑
insulin
sensitivity
GABA ↑
insulin
release
Dietary
fibre ↓
absorption
of glucose
in intestine
↓ oxidative
stress
MustaphaUmarImam, 1. N. (2012). Antidiabetic Properties of
Germinated Brown Rice: A Systematic Review. Evidence-Based
Complementary and Alternative Medicine , 12.

23. CONCLUSION
Nutritious.
Tasty.
Low on calories; binge eat rice guilt-free.
Cooked like normal rice.
Dietary bran has excellent chemopreventive properties, which can
prevent proliferation and division of cancer cells.
Brown Rice is a very good antioxidant, and help delay ageing.
Further studies on the bioavailability, metabolism, and tissue
disposition of the rice bran bioactive components in humans are
needed.

25. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Angela J. Henderson, 3. C. (2012, September 1). Chemopreventive Properties of Dietary Rice Bran:
Current Status and Future Prospects1,2. Advances in Nutrition , pp. 643-653.
 Chisayo Kozuka, K. Y.-i. (2012, December 1). Brown Rice and Its Component, g-Oryzanol, Attenuate the
Preference for High-Fat Diet by Decreasing Hypothalamic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mice .
Diabetes .
 Choi, H.-D., Kim, Y.-S., Choi, I.-W., Seog, H.-M., & Park, Y.-D. (2006). Anti-obesity and Cholesterol-
lowering Effects of Germinated Brown Rice in Rats Fed with High Fat and Cholesterol Diets. Korean
journal of Food Science and Technology , 674-678.
 E. Ann Hudson, 2. P. (2000). Characterization of Potentially Chemopreventive Phenols in Extracts of
Brown Rice That Inhibit the Growth of Human Breast and Colon Cancer Cells1. American association for
Cancer Research Journal , 1163-1170.
 Hirotoshi Utsunomiya1, A. T.-i. (2011). An Extract From Brown Rice Inhibits Signal Transduction of
Angiotensin II in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. American Journal of Hypertension , 530-533.
 Isao Muraki, H. W. (2015, January 1). Rice consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from a
pooled analysis of 3 U.S. cohorts1–4. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , pp. 164–172.
 Krishnaveni Marimuthu*, M. P. (2014). Antioxidant Potential of Brown Rice. International Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research , 134-317.

26.  Michio Shimabukuro1, 2. M.-I. (2013). Effects of the brown rice diet on visceral obesity and endothelial
function: the BRAVO study. British Journal of Nutrition , 310-320.
 MustaphaUmarImam, 1. M. (2013). The Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Germinated Brown Rice Involves the
Upregulation of the Apolipoprotein A1 and Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Genes. Journal of Diabetes
Research .
 MustaphaUmarImam, 1. N. (2012). Antidiabetic Properties of Germinated Brown Rice: A Systematic Review.
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine , 12.
 NurDiyanaMdZamri, 1. M. (2014). Antioxidative Effects of Germinated Brown Rice-Derived Extracts on
H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ,
11.
 P. Dinesh Babu, R. S. (2009). Brown Rice-Beyond the ColorReviving a Lost Health Food - A Review.
American-Eurasian Journal of Agronomy , 67-72.
 Qi Sun, M. S., Donna Spiegelman, S., Rob M. van Dam, P., & al, e. (2010). White Rice, Brown Rice, and
Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in US Men and Women. JAMA Internal Medicine , 961-969.
 Seigo Usuki, Y. I. (2007). Effect of pre-germinated brown rice intake on diabetic neuropathy in streptozotocin-
induced diabetic rats. Nutrition and Metabolism .
 Suk-Heung Oh, J.-R. S.-S. (2004). Germinated Brown Rice Extract Shows a Nutraceutical Effect in the
Recovery of Chronic Alcohol-Related Symptoms. Journal of Medicinal Food .
 Takayoshi Mamiya, T. A. (2004). Effects of Pre-Germinated Brown Rice on β-Amyloid Protein-Induced
Learning and Memory Deficits in Mice. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin , 1041-1045.
 Thompson, D. L. (2006). Blood glucose lowering effect of brown rice in normal and diabetic subjects.
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition , 151-158.

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