Nepal has made progress toward achieving gender equality in education through various policies and programs over the past several decades. Key milestones include the Fifth Five Year Plan in 1975 which aimed to involve women in development, the declaration of the International Women's Decade in 1975, and the Ninth Five Year Plan from 1997-2002 which introduced gender mainstreaming strategies. More recent reforms include the School Sector Reform Plan from 2009-2013 which mandated provisions supporting gender parity like female teacher quotas and women's representation on education committees. Teachers unions like the Nepal National Teachers' Association have also advocated for women through initiatives to address issues like sexual harassment, maternity leave, and women's participation in leadership.

1. Gender Equality in
Education :
Strategies and Achievements
of Nepal
Laxman Sharma, NNTA GS 9/16/2014 1

2. VP (W) KAMALA TULADHAR, NNTA VP (W)VISHNU PANDEY, NTA
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3. Trade Union Movement Started 1949
Democracy 1951
Royal Qudeta 1961
Teachers Movement & Establishment of
NNTA 1979
Restoration of Democracy 1990
Established NTA 1990
Both EI NNTA/NTA Charter Members 1993
Umbrella Union TUN Estd. 2000
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4. • Welfare of Mother for / and children
• ‘Boys and Girls’ in Education
1956
Five year plan started
• Involvement of women in development process
• Couldn't benefit the grassroots' level
1975
Women’s decade started
• Ninth five year(1997-2002)
• Gender Mainstreaming Strategies
1990
Restoration of Democracy
• Elimination of gender inequality in all laws
• Empowerment affirmative action and programs
• Enhancement of capabilities, Inclusion
• Targeted Programs to women
• Strengthen governance process / structures with Women
2007
Tenth Plan(2007-2010) and
Onwards
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Laxman Sharma, NNTA GS

5.  Gender Responsive Budgeting
 Labor Policies
 Integration of Gender Equality & Social Inclusion
(GESI) strategies in local development
 District and Village Development Committee Grant
Operational guidelines, 2009
 Minimum Condition Performance Measures, 2008
 Social Mobilization Guidelines, 2009
 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Policy,
2010
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Laxman Sharma, NNTA GS

6. Key policy goals and values, such as the
right to education, gender parity,
inclusion , and equity have guided the
preparation process and have been
integrated as strategic interventions in
the Plan.
From,
School Sector Reform Plan (2009-2013) Main Document which
is the major education policy document now in Nepal….
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Laxman Sharma, NNTA GS

7. Programs targeted to
women
Local Infrastructure
Development Program
Local Governance and
Community Development
Program (LGCDP)
School Sector Reform
Plan*
GESI
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Laxman Sharma, NNTA GS

8. Implemented (2009-2013) + 2 Years
Scholarships and incentive programs
Mandatory provisions of female teachers
Mandatory representation of women in the
School Management Committees and
District Education Committees
Gender Sensitized curriculum, text books ,
trainings and teaching methodology
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Laxman Sharma, NNTA GS

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10. 9/16/2014
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11. 87,978
140,945
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
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Laxman Sharma, NNTA GS

13. NNTA NTA
 Seminars on sexual violence and
harassments in households
school/union and public places.
 Seminars on maternity health and
protection issues.
 Programs on the enrollment and
regular schools of the children
come from the HIV/AIDS affected
parents.
 Regular meetings to plan and
review of the programs
implemented.
 Annual caucus to review and
report the achievements of the
programs.
 Lobbying towards Gender Equality
Policy reformation
 Reservation for women in all level
executive committees : CC Exceed
37%
 Advocating for inclusive education
policies
 Launched remarkable Program
titled I can take a lead ( ICTL)
 Lobbying reservation for National
policies
 Capacitization of women in
workplaces
 Gender Sensitization of girls
students
 Annual caucus to review and
report the achievements of the
programs.
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Laxman Sharma, NNTA GS

14. S. No. National Congress Year Composition
4 Fourth 1990 2 Members
5 Fifth 1993 4 Members
6 Sixth 1996 3 Members
7 Seventh 2000 3 Members ( One Vice President)
8 Eighth 2003 4 (One Vice President + an advisor)
9 Ninth 2006 8 (One Vice President+ A secretary)
10 Tenth 2009 14(Two Vice Presidents+ A secretary and a
Deputy Treasurer+ an advisor)
11 Eleventh 2013 18( One Vice President+ two Secretaries+
One Dep9. /T1r6e/a2s0u14rers and two advisors)
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15. S. No. National
Congress
Year Positions /Percentage
1 First 1991 1 in 25
2 Second 1994 3 in 27 ( including Treasurer)
3 Third 1997 6 in 31 ( including VP W)
4 Fourth 2001 5 in 30
5 Fifth 2005 6 in 30
6 Sixth 2009 15 in 49 (including VP, Treasurer)
7 Seventh 2013 18 in 46 ( VP, Treasurer & Joint
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16. Entry
Development Security
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Laxman Sharma, NNTA GS

17. Issues to be Employed
Issues to get married
Less maternity leave (60 days) not in miscarriages
Issues of transfer nearby family or spouse
Issues related to be appointed Principals
Retention of the women’s in changed marital status
Work load of the women teachers
Less representation of the women in Decision Making
Sexual harassment, Violence and Sexual Discriminations
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Laxman Sharma, NNTA GS

18.  NNTA is campaigning on the girls’ absenteeism issue
in schools due to the natural pain and difficulties of
menstruation period. It is found that a huge number
of girls leave schools as schools aren’t prepared to
counsel and support the girls in menstruation
period. Central women’s department has developed
more than a hundred trainers, who conduct the
workshops in the regular gatherings of NNTA. The
trainers share the skills to their following
committees as well as the girl students as union
activities. It is the skill to prepare reusable
cheaper sanitary pads, which are kept in the girl
students’/women’s bags. After use, it is washed and
reused. The girl student’s got benefitted by this
teacher union activities.
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19.  A case registered in the NTA, central office at February, 2014
related to the sexual harassment of a female teacher in a school
of Dailekh district, Mid Western region of Nepal. Miss Muna
Thapa, was an unmarried female teacher of science in one of the
lower secondary schools there. A married male colleague
harassed her in the workplace. She reported to the local police
authority. The male was an influential person in the local
headquarter and in the school management commitee (SMC).
The female teacher was fired for highlighting the case and
come to NTA to report the case.
 Then NTA (Women Department) took initiation in the case. The
NTA consulted with the District Education Office (DEO) and the
SMC of the school and forced them to judge the female teacher.
The initiatives taken re-established the female teacher in the
school and the male teacher had to leave school and legally
punished. ( Case reported by NTA, CC)
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