The document discusses the architecture and features of the 8086 microprocessor. It describes the various components of the 8086 including the Bus Interface Unit (BIU) which handles communication with external memory and I/O devices, the segment registers, instruction pointer, address generation circuit, and execution unit. It also covers the flag register, memory segmentation using segments and offsets, and memory banking using the BHE and A0 pins.
The architecture of 8086 provides a number of improvements over 8085 architecture.
The complete architecture of 8086 can be divided into two parts.
(a) Bus Interface Unit (BIU)
(b) Execution Unit (EU)
The architecture of 8086 provides a number of improvements over 8085 architecture.
The complete architecture of 8086 can be divided into two parts.
(a) Bus Interface Unit (BIU)
(b) Execution Unit (EU)
found this one in one of my abandoned folders. AC(students from JUCSE need no introduction but for others you should never want to know him :-O) assigned this task to me and 3 of my fellow classmates to create a presentation on this uninteresting and weird topic. We pulled it off however :P
found this one in one of my abandoned folders. AC(students from JUCSE need no introduction but for others you should never want to know him :-O) assigned this task to me and 3 of my fellow classmates to create a presentation on this uninteresting and weird topic. We pulled it off however :P
SCSI Express is the robust and proven SCSI protocol combined with PCIe that creates an industry-standard path to PCIe-based storage. SCSI Express combined with SAS-based solutions provides unprecedented performance and low latency that enterprises demand.
This document gives basic information about SCSI and its types and their limitations. It is supportive document for the iSCSI presentation uploaded with this document.
Input Output programming in AVR microcontrollerRobo India
Robo India in this presentation presents the Input and Output programming in AVR Micro Controllers namely Atmega 16, Atmega 8, Atmega 328, Atmega 32 etc.
As in robotics, automation and embedded system Input and Output programming is essential. This presentation describes how to use input and output ports, resisters of AVR microcontroller.
If you have any query please write us, we are found at-
website:http://roboindia.com
mail: info@roboindia.com
8086 Microprocessor is an enhanced version of 8085 Microprocessor that was designed by Intel in 1976. It is a 16-bit Microprocessor having 20 address lines and 16 data lines that provides up to 1MB storage. In April 1978, intel introduced this microprocessor and it was officially released on June 8.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
4. Bus Interface Unit(BIU)
Provide interface of 8086 to external memory &
IO devices.
Operates w.r.t Bus cycle
It generates 20-bit physical address.
Fetches Instruction from memory.
Transfer data to or from the memory and IO.
Supports Pipelining using the 6-byte instruction
queue.
6. Instruction Pointer
It is a 16-bit register.
It holds offset of the next instruction in the
code segment.
Address of the next instruction is calculated as
CS * 10H+IP.
IP is incremented after every instruction byte
is fetched.
IP gets a new value whenever a branch occurs.
8. 6-Byte Pre-Fetch Queue
It is a 6-byte FIFO RAM use to implement
Pipelining.
BIU Fetches the next “six instruction-bytes”
from CS and store it in Queue.
EU removes instruction from the queue and execute
them.
Queue is refilled atleast 2 byte are empty.
As soon as 8086 detects a branch operation
,it clears/discard the entire queue.
9. Execution Unit(EU)
It fetches instruction from the queue in
BIU,decodes and execute them.
It performs Arithmatic,logic and internal data
transfer operation within the mup.
It sends Signal to the BIU to access the external
module.
It operates w.r.t.T-States.
10. Execution Unit Contd…….
General Purpose Registers:-AX,BX,CX,DX
Special Purpose Registers:-SP,BP,SI,DI
ALU
Operand Register
Instruction Register and Instruction Decoder
11. Flag Register(16-Bits)
It has 9 flags.
These flags of two types : 6-satus (condition) flags and
3-control flags.
Status Flags:-OF,SF,ZF,AF,PF,CF
Control Flags:-DF,IF,TF
X X X X OF DF IF TF SF ZF X AF X PF X CF
12. Memory Segmentation
Dividing the memory into logically different
parts called segments.
20-bit Address bus hence total 1MB memory.
4 Segments:-CS,DS,SS,ES
Max size of segment 64KB.
8086 can access only 4 segment at time.
Four 16-bit register to hold base address.
Four 16-bit register to hold offset address.
13. Memory Segmentation Contd…..
Advantages of Segmentation:
It permits the programmer to access 1mb using
only 16-bit address.
Its divides the memory logically to store
instruction,data and stack separately.
Segmentation is very useful for multiuser
environment
Disadvantages of Segmentation:
Although the total memory is 16*64KB ,at time only
4*64KB memory can be accessed.
14. Memory Banking
Odd bank Even bank
Also called as “higher bank” Also called as “lower bank”
Address range: Address range:
0001H 0000H
0003H 0002H
0005H 0006H
. .
. .
FFFFH FFFEH
Selected when BHE=0 Selected when A0=0
512KB 512KB
1MB
15. Memory Banking Contd….
BHE A0 Operation
0 0 R/W 16-bit from both banks
0 1 R/W 8-bit from higher bank
1 0 R/W 8-bit from lower bank
1 1 No Operation(Idle)