6706 timber conversion
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This document discusses timber conversion methods for carpentry and joinery. It introduces the aims of teaching learners about timber conversion and identifying at least two conversion methods. The key timber conversion methods covered are through-and-through, which is a quick but wasteful method that results in plain and quarter sawn timber; quarter or rift sawing, which produces beautiful grain but is expensive; and tangential sawing, which is used for large logs and produces structural timber that may shrink considerably. Diagrams illustrate each conversion method.
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This document discusses timber conversion methods for carpentry and joinery. It introduces the aims of teaching learners about timber conversion and identifying at least two conversion methods. The key timber conversion methods covered are through-and-through, which can quickly convert large logs at low cost but produces mixed plain and quarter sawn timber; quarter or rift sawn, which produces beautiful figured boards but is more expensive; and tangential sawn, which is used for large logs and produces structural timber suitable for beams but boards will shrink greatly. Diagrams are provided to illustrate each conversion method.
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This document discusses preparing timber surfaces for decoration. It covers classifying timbers as softwood or hardwood, their properties, moisture content and defects. Softwoods like pine and fir are used for frames and partitions while hardwoods like oak and mahogany are used for furniture. Timber should be seasoned to remove excess moisture before painting. Knots require sealing with shellac or primer and end grain needs preservative or oily treatment due to absorbency.
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This document provides information about timber, including its definition, structure, classifications, properties, defects, seasoning, preservation, fireproofing, and common types. Timber is defined as wood that retains its natural structure and composition and is suitable for engineering works. It discusses the structures of softwoods and hardwoods. Classifications include based on growth, durability, seasoning characteristics, and grading. General properties, mechanical properties, and qualities of good timber are outlined. Various natural and manufactured defects that can occur in timber are described. The methods and advantages of seasoning timber are explained. The document also covers the types of preservatives used to treat timber, the preparation and methods of treatment, and characteristics of good preservatives
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- The manual was prepared by various faculty members and covers subjects like carpentry, fitting, house wiring, plumbing, sheet metal work, and welding.
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This document discusses the characteristics of good timber and defects in timber. Characteristics of good timber include having a sweet smell and shiny surface, darkness indicating durability, hardness, strength, elasticity, and durability. It should be free from defects and have straight fibers and regular annual rings. Defects in timber include knots, shakes that separate fibers, twisted fibers, and stains or rot from fungi, insects or moisture. Common defects are described such as pin knots, dead knots, and heart shakes.
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This document discusses various types of construction materials, focusing on wood. It describes natural wood, classifying it as hardwood or softwood and providing examples of each with their characteristics and common uses. It then discusses problems with overexploitation of natural wood resources and introduces engineered wood as an alternative, describing types like plywood, blockboard, veneers, laminates, particleboard, medium-density fiberboard, and high-density fiberboard.
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This document provides information about timber, including its definition, structure, classifications, properties, defects, seasoning, preservation, fireproofing, and common types. Timber is defined as wood that retains its natural structure and composition and is suitable for engineering works. It discusses the structures of softwoods and hardwoods. Classifications include based on growth, durability, seasoning characteristics, and grading. General properties, mechanical properties, and qualities of good timber are outlined. Various natural and manufactured defects that can occur in timber are described. The methods and advantages of seasoning timber are explained. The document also covers the types of preservatives used to treat timber, the preparation and methods of treatment, and characteristics of good preservatives
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Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
The document discusses different types of bench planes used in carpentry. It identifies try, jack, and smoothing planes as the three main types of bench planes from longest to shortest. The try plane is the longest and is used for smoothing long edges of timber. The jack plane is medium-length and is used for rapid material removal. The smoothing plane is the shortest and is used for final finishing and removing marks.
Effect of Diaphragms in Axially Loaded Timber Hollow.pptx
Timber is a renewable building material which has been in use since early ages. Timber needs to be used in the way which minimizes the wastage, because when we cut a tree, it has massive negative impact to the environment. So, when look from this point of view, it is better to reduce usage of timber. But when consider materials for structural elements, substitutes for timber such as concrete, steel, fiber glass, plastic, glass, etc., effect to the environment after demolishing structures which are built from these substitutes is huge which is not done by timber. Therefore, use of timber effectively in construction industry has become a timely need.
Lot of research has been carried out to gain the maximum output from timber. From that lot of products have been made. As an example, use of composite timber products, built up sections can be identified. Most architects tend to use timber in their designs mainly to give the structure an esthetically pleasing output.
Power tools and abrasives 3
This document discusses preparing surfaces for decoration as part of the City and Guilds of London Institute Level 2 Diploma in Painting and Decorating. It covers different types of sanders like orbital, belt, rotary, and palm sanders. It also discusses various abrasives like glass paper, aluminum oxide paper, silicone carbide paper, emery paper, and garnet paper that can be used for sanding surfaces like wood, metal, and plaster. Safety considerations for using power tools and abrasives are highlighted.
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
The document provides an introduction to carpentry tools and workshop safety for a Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery. It describes the main types of chisels including beveled edge, firmer, mortice and gouge chisels. It also outlines the main handsaws used which are rip, crosscut, tenon and dovetail saws. Common marking and measuring tools like rules, gauges, squares and bevels are identified. Finally, it discusses safety signs that identify hazards, mandatory actions, warnings and provide information. The aim is to introduce learners to the workshop and tools while meeting objectives around identifying specific chisels, saws and marking tools as well as health and safety signs.
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
The document provides an introduction to carpentry tools and workshop safety for a Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery. It describes the main types of chisels including beveled edge, firmer, mortice and gouge chisels. It also outlines the main handsaws used which are rip, crosscut, tenon and dovetail saws. Common marking and measuring tools like rules, gauges, squares and bevels are identified. Finally, it discusses safety signs that identify hazards, mandatory actions, warnings and provide information. The aim is to introduce learners to the workshop and tools while meeting objectives around identifying specific chisels, saws and marking tools as well as health and safety signs.
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
The document discusses different types of handsaws used by carpenters and joiners. It describes four basic types: rip saws, crosscut saws, tenon saws, and dovetail saws. It provides details on the parts of a handsaw, including the blade, handle, teeth, and how teeth size and shape vary between saw types. The document also discusses other saws like pad, fret, and coping saws. It explains characteristics of each saw type and provides guidance on selecting the appropriate saw for different wood cutting tasks.
Types of Formwork & Materials.pptx
Formwork Types , Materials, Availability, cost , Properties, Advantages, Disadvantages, Selection of proper formwork.
conversion of timber.pptx
There are three main methods for converting logs into boards: through and through sawing, tangential sawing, and quarter sawing. Through and through sawing cuts logs parallel to the grain, producing wide boards quickly but with potential for cupping. Tangential sawing cuts logs at an angle to the grain, producing stable boards with a flame figure but is more expensive. Quarter sawing cuts logs at a 45 degree angle to the growth rings, producing narrow boards that are very stable with an attractive grain but is the most expensive method.
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 4
The document discusses different types of circular saw blades and their proper usage. It explains that saw blades are categorized by their intended use for either ripping or crosscutting lumber. Ripping blades have a positive hook angle that drives into the wood grain, while crosscutting blades have a negative hook angle to push wood away. The document also notes that tungsten carbide teeth are common today as they enable longer life and are suitable for hard and manufactured materials. Proper blade size must also be selected to maintain efficient cutting speeds.
unit 211 PPT 4
The document discusses different types of circular saw blades, including their uses, materials, and tooth designs. It explains that the type of blade and tooth design depends on whether the cutting will be ripping or crosscutting wood. Ripping blades have a positive hook angle to bite into the grain, while crosscutting blades have a negative hook angle to push the wood away. Most blades now use tungsten carbide teeth, which provide a harder cutting material and longer lifespan between sharpenings. The document also notes safety features like chip limitation and guidelines for ensuring blades are not too small for the saw being used.
6708 13 l1_125_presentation_1
This document provides information about applying finish coats for plastering. It describes different types of finish plasters, including multi-finish, board finish, durafinish, spray finish, and MPFinish. It also discusses tools and equipment used for applying finish coats, such as finishing trowels, hawk/hand boards, gauging trowels, and buckets. Cleaning tools and equipment is emphasized to avoid contamination. Trowel blades and their parts like the toe, heel, and tang are outlined.
Bricklaying Tools
This document discusses the tools needed to complete a Level 1 Diploma in Bricklaying. It describes common tools such as a brickwork trowel for laying bricks, a spirit level for transferring levels, and a tape measure for measuring lengths. Additional tools mentioned include a carpentry saw for cutting timber, a club hammer for driving pegs, and a craft knife for cutting ranging lines. The document provides details on the uses of each tool needed to contribute to setting out and building masonry structures up to the damp proof course.
unit 213 ppt 3
This document discusses rod boards and CAD systems used for marking out bench joinery products. It explains that rod boards provide a pictorial view of aspects, sections, sizes and other information needed to manufacture a product. Rod boards can be made of thin boards or paper. CAD systems now allow designs to be created and sent to CNC machines quickly. The document also discusses storey height rods and gauge rods used for marking out dimensions for stairs, door frames, and brick walls. It notes advantages of rod boards being reusable over time to mark out reorders.
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 3
This document discusses rod boards and CAD systems used for marking out bench joinery products. It explains that rod boards provide a pictorial view of aspects, sections, sizes and other information needed to manufacture a product. Rod boards can be made of thin boards or paper. CAD systems now allow designs to be created and sent to CNC machines quickly. The document also discusses storey height rods and gauge rods used for marking heights and wall dimensions on jobs. It notes advantages of rod boards being reusable over time.
Introduction to advance materials and construction.pptx
Engineered wood is a manufactured wood product made from wood fibers, wood veneers, or wood pieces combined with adhesives to form a composite material. It is designed to be strong, durable, and moisture resistant. Common types of engineered wood include plywood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), laminated strand lumber (LSL), oriented strand board (OSB), and medium density fiberboard (MDF). Engineered wood has advantages over solid wood like greater strength, sustainability, and moisture resistance, but can be more expensive and less aesthetically pleasing than solid wood. Alabaster is a form of the mineral gypsum that is translucent or semi-translucent, allowing light to pass through
Carpentry.pptx
Carpentry involves constructing wood structures like roofs, floors, doors and windows using suitable wood. Timber is the main material used. It is lightweight, easy to work with tools, and suitable for both load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures. Various hand tools are used for measuring, marking, cutting, planning, boring, and assembling wood. Common joints include half laps, mortise and tenon joints, and bridle joints. Wood must be seasoned to remove moisture before use to prevent warping.
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
The document discusses marking out tools used in carpentry and joinery. It describes various measuring tools like folding rules, retractable tape measures, and steel rules. Marking tools are also examined, including try squares, sliding bevels, combination squares, marking gauges, and cutting gauges. The aims are to introduce learners to marking out tools, have them list three types, state how to check accuracy, and list storage methods. Steps for marking a mortice using a mortice gauge are outlined.
Floor boarding and calculations 4
This document discusses floor boarding and calculations. It begins by outlining the aim and objectives of introducing learners to floor boarding and calculations. Specifically, it aims to identify floor components, describe a suspended timber floor, calculate the quantity of floor boarding for an irregular area, and calculate additional quantities accounting for wastage percentages. It then defines various flooring terminology like wall plates, joists, decking, and provides examples of calculating the quantity of sheet flooring and floor boards needed for a room, as well as calculating additional quantities to account for typical 15% wastage.
Production Process Wood Pellet From Wood Biomass
Production Process Wood Pellet From Wood Biomass. Indonesia is the highest biomass potential in ASEAN countries so that the chances of developing wood pellet industry is huge.
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Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Effect of Diaphragms in Axially Loaded Timber Hollow.pptx
Effect of Diaphragms in Axially Loaded Timber Hollow.pptx
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 4
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 4
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 3
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 3
Introduction to advance materials and construction.pptx
Introduction to advance materials and construction.pptx
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unit 213 ppt 1
This document discusses marking out for bench joinery products. It covers the importance of accuracy in marking out, tools used for marking out like combination squares and marking gauges, using rod boards as references, and techniques like adding face marks. Errors in marking out can lead to wasted time and materials, missed deadlines, and penalties. The document emphasizes measuring twice and checking for discrepancies to avoid costly mistakes.
unit 213 ppt5
This document contains a presentation on marking out bench joinery products for a Level 2 Diploma. It discusses marking out errors can affect work, using rods and information for marking out, and marking out bench joinery products. It also provides sample questions and answers as a mid-course recap test covering topics like where a spandrel is located, what scale site plans are drawn at, how 3:4:5 ratios are used, converting tree trunks efficiently, and what assembly drawings show.
unit 213 ppt 4
This document provides an overview of health and safety regulations for those pursuing a Level 2 Diploma in Bench Joinery. It defines several important acronyms related to health and safety regulations in the UK. It also addresses portable appliance testing procedures, accident reporting requirements, working at height regulations, and that site safety is a shared responsibility of employers and employees.
unit 213 ppt 2
This document discusses marking out tools and techniques for bench joinery. It presents a diagram of a small garden gate and asks the reader to identify various features such as face marks, joints, dimensions, and components. It then guides the reader through identifying the specific tools needed to mark out each element, such as a square, pencil, sliding bevel, and marking gauge for end grains and diagonal braces. The goal is to teach students to select the proper tools for marking out different bench joinery products from setting out details.
202 principles of construction
The document provides information on various types of documentation used in the construction industry, including drawings, specifications, schedules, programs of work, charts, statements, assessments, bills of quantities, requisitions, notes, orders, reports, and notices. It discusses the purpose and content of these documents. It also covers scales, symbols, and hatchings used on drawings; interpreting technical information; selecting foundations; and calculating concrete volume. The key types of information construction relies on and how it is communicated through detailed documentation is summarized.
unit 101 ppt_5
This document discusses communication methods used in construction. It begins by defining communication and explaining its importance. Four main categories of communication are described - verbal, written/signs, electronic, and human signals. For each category, advantages and disadvantages of the methods are listed. The document concludes by explaining an upcoming activity where students will experience different communication methods through simulation stations.
unit 101 ppt_4
The document is a presentation on flat roofs that introduces learners to the topic. It defines a flat roof as having a slope of less than 10 degrees and discusses two key components - roof joists and covering materials. It also describes the three main methods for obtaining fall, or slope, on a flat roof: sloping roof joists, tapered firring pieces, and deepened joists. Common flat roof covering materials include chipboard sheets, underfelt, and green mineral felt.
unit 101 ppt_3
This document discusses different types of foundations for buildings. It describes three main types: strip foundations, which involve digging a trench and pouring concrete; raft foundations, which spread the load over a larger area for poor soil; and piled foundations, which are more expensive but used for large heavy buildings or poor soil. It also discusses factors considered for foundations like the building's weight, use, and soil composition at the site.
unit 101 ppt_2
This document discusses waste management in construction. It defines waste and different types of waste. It also discusses how to reduce waste in construction, including proper disposal and recycling of materials. Methods of managing waste on construction sites are outlined, such as using separate skips for different materials and following safety procedures for waste disposal. Enforcement of waste management regulations is also mentioned.
unit 101 ppt_1
The document discusses site documentation used in construction projects. It aims to introduce learners to site documentation. Learners will break into groups to create a mind map of different types of documentation used on construction sites, including payment information, personal information, work information, and client requirements. Examples of documentation are then shown, such as pay slips, timesheets, requisitions, work logs, delivery notes, drawings, specifications, and programmes of works. Learners will then individually complete at least two examples of documentation. Reasons for securely storing documents are then discussed.
unit 211 PPT 5
This document provides an introduction to risk assessment for operating a circular saw. It outlines that employers must have written risk assessments and assessments should identify all hazards of a task and evaluate risks. Risk assessments should be suitable, sufficient, ongoing, planned, thorough, competently executed and record all significant findings. Assessments identify hazards, those at risk, evaluate likelihood and severity of risks, select additional controls, and provide training and records. Hazards of circular saws include age, trips, noise, manual handling and moving parts. Assessments aim to identify significant risks and address what happens in the workplace.
unit 211 PPT 3
This document provides instructions for safely changing a circular saw blade. It outlines relevant safety legislation, pre-checks that must be performed before maintenance, and the step-by-step process for removing the old blade and installing a new one. This includes undoing the nut, removing the flange and blade, selecting an appropriate replacement blade, refitting the flange and nut, installing the riving knife close to the blade, and performing pre-start checks before using the saw.
unit 211 PPT 2
This document discusses extraction systems used with circular saws. It describes how wood dust from saws can cause health issues like asthma if inhaled and also presents fire risks. There are two main types of extraction systems - portable vacuum cleaners connected to saws via hoses, and fixed ducting extraction systems where pipes connect multiple machines to a central extractor unit. Proper dust extraction is important for circular saws to reduce health and safety risks from airborne wood dust.
unit 211 PPT 1
This document provides guidance on safely operating a circular saw. It identifies the key components of a circular saw including the crown guard, riving knife, and extension table. It explains the proper positioning of these components and notes common faults like missing or damaged guards. The document emphasizes following regulations and guidance from the HSE to prevent accidents and ensure all operators are trained, competent, and follow safe working practices.
unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 5
The document provides instructions for repairing a window by replacing a broken sash cord. It describes sash windows and how they operate using counterweights. The repair process involves removing the staff bead, parting bead, and wooden plate to access the weights. The old cord is removed from the weight and a new cord is fed through and attached. The window components are then reinstalled and the cord is nailed to the window ensuring proper length. Finally, the window is tested to ensure smooth operation.
unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 4
The document discusses gutters and downpipes used in carpentry maintenance. It notes that gutters and downpipes are commonly made from pressed steel or uPVC, but older buildings may contain asbestos or cast iron. Different gutter profiles are shown, including half round, square line, and ogee styles. Accessories like stop ends, unions, outlets and brackets are also depicted. Building regulations require gutters to have a fall toward outlets and suggest a 12mm drop over 6 meters.
unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 3
The document discusses repairing mouldings, doors, and windows as part of a Level 2 Diploma in Site Carpentry. It describes protecting the work area before starting repairs, that mouldings like architrave and skirting boards generally need replacing but some repairs are possible using splicing. Repairing windowsills is done the same way as window frames using splicing. Once repaired, the area should be treated with preservative and finished to match the surrounding area.
unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 2
The document discusses different types of mouldings used in carpentry, including architrave, cornice, dado rail, picture rail, plinth block, and skirting board. It defines a corbel as a structural piece jutting from a wall to carry a weight. The document also shows examples of moulding profiles such as torus, splayed, ogee, and pencil round/bull nose.
unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 1
The document discusses common defects that can affect carpentry projects like insects, fungi, and moisture. It focuses on types of fungal defects like dry rot and wet rot caused by excess moisture and lack of ventilation. Symptoms and treatment methods are described for defects from fungi, insects, and moisture. Different types of wood preservatives are also outlined and how they are applied through methods like brushing, spraying, dipping, and pressure treatment.
Construction u101 ppt_5
This document discusses communication methods used in construction. It begins by defining communication and explaining its importance. The main methods of communication discussed are verbal, written/signs, electronic, and human signals. For each method, advantages and disadvantages are listed. The document then describes an activity where learners will experience different communication stations to practice relaying information through various means.
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6706 timber conversion
- 1. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery 1 of 11© 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. Timber conversion Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
- 2. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery 2 of 11© 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. Aims and objectives Aim: Introduce learners to timber conversion. Objectives: • Identify at least two methods of timber conversion. • Sketch through-and-through timber conversion. • State the method of conversion for carcassing timber.
- 3. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery 3 of 11© 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. Timber conversion The way the cuts are made will depend on several factors, including: • The type of sawing machine. • The size of log (diameter of girth). • The condition of the log. • The wood species. • Economy. • The end use of the resulting timber – for its appearance, decorative or structural requirements.
- 4. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery 4 of 11© 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. Timber conversion The resulting timber section (with the exception of that which surrounds the pith-heart) will be either: • Plain or tangential sawn or • Quarter or rift sawn
- 5. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery 5 of 11© 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. Through-and-through Large logs can be quickly converted in this way. It is cheap in comparison to other methods. The resulting timber will be part plain sawn and part quarter sawn. Pith or heart
- 6. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery 6 of 14© 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. Quarter (radial) or rift sawn Quarter or rift sawn can be wasteful and expensive, but is necessary where a large number of radial, or near radial, sawn boards are required. Certain hardwoods cut in this way can produce beautiful figured boards, eg oak. Quarter sawn boards retain their shape much better than plain sawn boards and will shrink less in service, making them suitable for good class joinery work and quality decking for floors.
- 7. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery 7 of 14© 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. Quarter (radial) or rift sawn Pith or heart
- 8. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery 8 of 11© 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. Tangential sawn • Logs cut in this way will, with the exception of the heart (centre portion of the log) section, provide timber with a tangential face. • This method of conversion is used when cutting up large diameter logs of hardwood or softwood. • Timber produced by this method has a structural strength which makes it ideal for use as beam or floor joists. • Boards produced by this method of sawing are also likely to shrink a great deal.
- 9. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery 9 of 14© 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. Tangential sawn Pith or heart
- 10. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery 10 of 11© 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. Aims and objectives Aim: Introduce learners to timber conversion. Objectives: • Identify at least two methods of timber conversion. • Sketch through-and-through timber conversion. • State the method of conversion for carcassing timber.
- 11. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery 11 of 11© 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. Any questions?