Microplastics
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Microplastics are tiny plastic particles smaller than 5mm that enter waterways from sources like cosmetics containing microbeads and the breakdown of larger plastic debris. They accumulate in water and are mistaken for food by fish and other marine animals, causing starvation or health issues. Microplastics also release harmful chemicals when broken down by UV light and serve to transport invasive species and pollutants throughout ecosystems. Significant sources of microplastics include personal care products containing microbeads and the degradation of plastic bottles and containers. Reducing plastic use and improving recycling can help address the growing microplastic pollution problem in oceans.
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Microplastics are a growing threat to ocean health and the food chain. Plastic debris kills thousands of marine animals each year through ingestion or entanglement. Plastic bottles are a major contributor as they take over 450 years to break down into microplastics, harming marine life. Solutions include reducing single-use plastics through deposit return programs, opting for reusable bags, recycling, and properly disposing of trash. Individual actions combined with community efforts are needed to address the massive amounts of plastic pollution entering oceans each year and its impacts on ecosystems and human health.
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Microplastics are plastic pieces smaller than 5mm that come from two sources: primary microplastics which are originally manufactured at small sizes, and secondary microplastics which are broken down from larger plastic debris. They enter the environment through deterioration of plastic waste, release from products like scrubs, and accidental loss from industry. Microplastics are mistaken for food by marine animals and can accumulate up food chains, releasing harmful chemicals as they break down. Studies found thousands of microplastic pieces per liter in some bottled water brands tested. Eco bricks made by packing waste plastic tightly in bottles provide a way to reuse plastic waste for construction.
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1. Microplastic (MPs) now has emerged as an alarming environmental pollutant and its prevalence is now widely observed in various ecosystems.
2. The term “microplastic” coined by Thompson et al in the year 2004 basically represents heterogeneous mixture of smaller plastic fragments in the size range of 0.001-5 mm.
3. They may originate either directly (primary sources) through engineered particles such as microbeads/microfibers widely used in Personal Care Products or through fragmentation of larger plastic particles as a result of various anthropogenic activities (secondary sources).
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4. MPs basically consists of six major types of plastic products namely, Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polyamide (PA), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polystyrene (PS), Polyurethane (PUR), and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET).
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WHAT ARE THE SOLUTIONS TO THIS MENACE?
1. SOLUTIONS BY REGULATORS, SCIENTISTS, GOVERNMENT AND MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.
Microplastics are tiny and may not be easily noticed as a treat to both sea and human life, therefore there is an urgent need to combat it. The potential risk to food security, and thereby human health, has led:
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• To the need to strengthen international and regional cooperation in this area among: decision-makers researchers and academias to raise awareness in addressing water-related issues.
2. PUTTING IN PLACE APPRORIATE PROHIBITIONS, LAWS AND BANS.
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- 1. www.sciencebuzz.org By Niachu Environmental Science
- 2. Straightforward – they are tiny plastic particles Some marine researchers define them as being anywhere from smaller than 1mm to 5mm – They are too small to be filtered There are two types of microplastics – “primary” and “secondary” Primary starts out small, secondary break down into smaller bits
- 3. They will accumulate in the water (accounting for 10% of litter on beaches) and reside there for a long time Fish mistake them for plankton – leading them to die of undernourishment or constipation Many other animals on the marine food chain ingest them as well
- 4. Half of plastic in the marine environment is buoyant but other plastics can sink to the sea floor, affecting sediment dwelling species Plastic debris serves to transport different organisms outside of their natural habitats Exacerbates the problem of invasive species and loss of biodiversity
- 5. When plastic is exposed to UV rays in water, it releases harmful chemical compounds not found in nature BPA – A common component of food containers, has negative affects on both fetal development and adult hormone levels Carcinogen – An agent directly involved in causing cancer
- 6. POPs (Persistent organic pollutants)-organic compounds resistant to environmental degradation – they are pollutants that don’t deteriorate, and they then biomagnify and bioaccumulate – (mercury build up in big fish by eating smaller fish and the subsequent effect on humans) Harmful chemicals may also attach to the plastics in the water Chemicals can leach into the organisms that ingest the plastics
- 7. What are some significant sources of these plastics?
- 9. They are found in toothpastes, body washes, shampoos, etc. known as “Micro Beads” “Primary Microplastics” in toothpaste or bodywash eventually wash from the drain to a body of water “Secondary Microplastics” would be plastic bottles or containers…anything that can be broken down into smaller bits
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- 12. http://www.kimointernational.org/MicroPlasticResearch.aspx http://www.tacoma.uw.edu/features/research/microplastic-macroproblem http://pugetsound.org/blog/bl100726 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0027510799001943 http://www.scienceagogo.com/news/20090719233340data_trunc_sys.shtml http://www.aphroditewomenshealth.com/news/20051108220020_health_ne ws.shtml http://www.fda.gov/downloads/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/UCM197778 .pdf http://www.ptmsc.org/Science/plastic_project/Summit%20Final%20Draft.pdf http://pugetsound.org/blog/bl100726 http://www.scienceagogo.com/news/20090620003118data_trunc_sys.shtml http://www.speakupforblue.com/in-ocean-news/the-mercury-connection- is-plastic-debris-poisoning-our-food-supply http://www.kimointernational.org/MicroPlasticResearch.aspx