Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints

Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery
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Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Workshop introduction

Aims and objectives
Aim:
Introduce learners to the workshop.
Objectives:
• Identify at least one type of chisel.
• List at least one type of handsaw.
• List at least one marking out tool.
• Identify at least two health and safety notices.

Types of chisel
There are many types of chisels available, each one
designed to be used for a specific purpose.
The five most popular are:
• Bevelled edge
• Firmer
• Mortice
• Paring
• Gouge

Sizes
What do you think determines the size of a chisel?
The size of a chisel is determined by the width of the chisel
blade. The sizes range from 3mm to 50mm, but the most
common are between 6mm and 25mm.

Bevelled edge chisel
• The blade is ‘bevelled’ along both edges so that it can be
used to cut in acute corners.
• It is a lightweight type of chisel suitable for paring.
• These chisels are available with wooden, fibreglass or
plastic handles.
• If a hammer is used on this type of chisel, it should be
used with caution to avoid breaking the handle.

Firmer chisel
• This type of chisel is used for general bench and site
work.
• The blade is much stronger than a bevel edge chisel. It
can be used for paring or cutting joints.
• It can withstand light blows from a mallet, with care (if it
has a wooden handle, it may split).

Mortice chisel
• Used for cutting mortices or slots, which often form part
of a joint.
• Strongly made to withstand heavy mallet blows, and the
blade thickness prevents the chisel twisting in the mortice
or slot.
• The handle can be wood or plastic, and some chisels
have a leather washer incorporated to absorb the shock
when struck with a mallet or hammer.

Gouges
A gouge is a chisel with a curved cutting edge. It is used to
cut curved or contoured work. There are two main types of
gouge:
• Firmer (out cannel)
• Scribing (in cannel)
The cannel is the bevel, so:
• An in cannel gouge is ground on
the inside.
• An out cannel gouge is ground on the outside.

Hand saws
There are four basic types of saws that the carpenter and
joiner will use on a day-to-day basis.
These are:
1. Rip saws
2. Crosscut saws
3. Tenon saws
4. Dovetail saws
Other saws include: pad, fret and coping saws.

Rip saw
Rip saws are made for cutting timber along the
grain. The teeth of this saw are large and flat,
shaped to cut like chisels.

Crosscut saw
Crosscut saws are designed to cut across the grain. The
teeth of this saw are different from those of a rip saw. They
resemble knife points, each being sharpened at an angle
across the blade to produce knife edges.

Tenon saw
• Tenon saws are specialist tools.
• They are used for sawing tenons and small pieces of
wood.
• Tenon saws are made in the following sizes: 200, 250,
300 and 350mm, with teeth points ranging from 13 to 15
per 25mm.

Dovetail saw
• This saw is similar to the tenon saw but with smaller
teeth.
• Dovetail saws are usually 200mm in length with 20 teeth
points per 25mm.
• The teeth are pitched at 16° and are flat faced to cut like
rip saw teeth. This is because its main purpose is to saw
along the grain for dovetailing.

Marking out tools
The term marking tools refers to the tools that mark the
timber and the tools that are used to assist with the marking
of timber.
What marking tools do you use in the workshop?

Marking out tools
Marking tools include:
• 600 and 1000mm rules
• Marking/mortice gauge
• Try/set square
• Combination square
• Sliding bevel

Rules
Measuring tools are used either to transfer measurements
from one component to another, or to check known
measurements.

Marking and mortice gauges
Marking gauge
Used to score a single line parallel to the
edge of a piece of timber.
Has brass inserts in the stock to reduce
wear.
Mortice gauge
Similar to the marking gauge except that it
has two adjustable marking spurs.
Used to mark two lines parallel to the edge
of a piece of timber.
Main use is to mark mortice and tenons.

Try/set square
Tri-squares are used to mark and test angles at 90° and
check that surfaces are at right angles to each other. They
should be regularly checked for accuracy.
How do you think you will do this?

Combination square
This does the job of a tri-square, mitre square and spirit
level all in one.
It is used for checking right angles, 45° angles and also that
items are level.
Adjustable blade to draw parallel lines.

Sliding bevel
Is an adjustable tri-square, used for marking and testing
angles other than 90°.
When in use, the blade is set at the required angle then
locked using either a thumbscrew or a set screw in the
stock.

Safety signs
Safety signs can be found in many areas of the workplace
and they are put up in order to:
• Warn of any hazards
• Prevent accidents
• Inform where things are
• Tell you what to do in certain areas

Safety signs
There are many different safety signs, but each will usually
fit into one of four categories:
Prohibition signs – these tell you that something must not
be done.
Mandatory signs – these tell you that something must be
done.
Warning signs – these signs are there to alert you to a
specific hazard.
Information signs – these give you useful information like
the location of things

Prohibition signs
These tell you that something must not be done.
They always have a white background and a red circle with
a red line through it.

Mandatory signs
These tell you that something must be done. They are also
circular, but have a white symbol on a blue background.

Warning signs
These signs are there to alert you to a specific hazard.
They are triangular and have a yellow background and a
black border.

Information signs
These give you useful information, such as the location of
things (eg a first aid point).
They can be square or rectangular and are green with a
white symbol.

Aims and objectives
Aim:
Introduce learners to the workshop.
Objectives:
• Identify at least one type of chisel.
• List at least one type of handsaw.
• List at least one marking out tool.
• Identify at least two health and safety notices.

Any questions?

Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints

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Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints