Aspect of the English Civil War. Conflict in the colonies and the economy of the West Indies. Women paly a part in the defense of their homes. Castles are deliberately destroyed after capture, process called slighting.
Covers the Pequot War of 1634 to 1638, the effects of the English Civil War and the Interregnum on Puritan New England, and King Philip's War, which lasted from 1675 to 1677.
Covers the Pequot War of 1634 to 1638, the effects of the English Civil War and the Interregnum on Puritan New England, and King Philip's War, which lasted from 1675 to 1677.
7 f2015 Mercantiism, the Commonwealth Navy, and WarRobert Ehrlich
The advance of mercantilism in England through the Commonwealth leads to the first Anglo-Dutch war, a naval war with France and a naval war with Spain. England develops a professional navy
The reopening of the theater after the Interregnum required new buildings, new plays and new approaches to acting. Indoor theaters with elaborate effects meant higher prices. The audience was middle class and even the court attended. Women were now on stage in prominent sexualized roles.
9 f2015 The English Coffee Houses, and otyher drinksRobert Ehrlich
The coffee house becomes a major London social institution. It becomes a center for information exchange and business. Coffee is promoted for its medicinal benefits and condemned for the exclusion of women from coffeehouses. Other drinks introduced are chocolate and tea for the middle and upper classes and rum for the seaman
13 f2015 Science and Invention in Restoration EnglandRobert Ehrlich
A overview of scientific institutions that facilitated the advances, particularly the Royal Society. Some of teh major scientists and some of the less well known scientist who contributed to their work.
5 f2015 English civil wars - Bishops war, Ireland Robert Ehrlich
Some of the preliminary phases of the English Civil wars which lead to the fall of Charles I. The attempt to impose the Book of Common Prayer on Scotland leads to protests. In the north there is the Bishops' wars, in Ireland an uprising that is brutally suppressed. In England Parliaments protest the actions of Charles and are dismissed. Charles and Parliament raise militias
Elizabeth establishes her reign and must navigate between reformer requests for a greatly altered religious ceremony and church decor and the Catholic requests to make changes minimal. The beginnings of English slave trade with the voyage of John Hawkins
We will examine Irish, Scottish, and Welsh history and culture from 500 BC to the present. In particular, lectures and discussions will focus on the early cultural identity of the Irish, Scots, and Welsh and their customs and mythologies; the influence of Roman culture and Christianity on these lands and peoples; the English conquest and colonization of these lands and peoples; and, finally, on the process of political devolution in all three areas. These aspects of Irish, Scottish, and Welsh history will be examined through historical documents and literature, art, music, and film clips. Students will emerge from the class with a clear sense of the events that shaped the early history and culture of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales and how those events continue to shape these areas even to the present day.
The Labour party has promised increased self-government for India without a definite timetable.The governments in Delhi and London are alarmed by the support for the Indian National Army. Leaders are put on trial but Congress leaders as whether as the public no longer view them as allies of an enemy, Japan, but as fighters for freedom from Britain. A wide scale mutiny in the Indian Navy adds doubts about the ability to use native troops to put down domestic violence. In addition Britain has large war debts including a debt to India for the use of troops outside India. Efforts to bring the Muslim League (Jinnah) and the Indian National Congress (Nehru) founder on the insistence, among other things, that the League represents all Muslims and Congress represents all Indians Britain under Viceroy Mountbatten proposes a plan that would allow for splitting India and existing provinces of India on Muslim or Hindu majority grounds. Votes lead to splitting Bengal and Punjab as well as some minor adjustments. India and Pakistan become independent.
12 The Raj -Burma campaign and Bengal famineRobert Ehrlich
The Burma campaign was almost entirely the work of the British Indian Army. The success in driving Japanese troops from Burma is attributed to the efforts of General William Slim. He used Dakota planes to support troop movements and proceeded even in the monsoon season. Different approaches to the campaign were conducted by US General 'Vinegar Joe' Stillwell and British General Orde Wingate.
9 The Raj Rowlatt, Amritsar and Non Cooperation Robert Ehrlich
The Raj continues wartime measure through the Rowlatt Act. Protests result. A peaceful gathering at Amritsar is massacred by General Dyer. Dyer is removed from his post. is treatment is brought to Parliament where he is praised by Lords but the dismissal is upheld by Commons after a speech by Churchill. Gandhi uses satyagraha in labor disputes but extends this to non-cooperation with the raj. He is arrested but soon released. Congress becomes a larger force among the Indian public.
The presentation begins with a look at the role of Indians in England. Many serve in the shipping industry as lascars and some remain in England, primarily in the Docklands section of London. Recently noted is Queen Victoria's munshi, Abdul This presentation then looks at the contribution of India to the Great War (World War I). The opinions of sepoys are known from letters transcribed by censors. The army served on the Western Front, in East Africa, Mesopotamia, the Suez and was a component at Gallipoli Some opposition to the war came from expatriates in Canada and the US. Others gave support but agitated for home rule. Gandhi supported the ambulance corps and recruiting. The war resulted in an increase in industrial produciton.
7 The Raj - Imperial Architecture -Art and NationalismRobert Ehrlich
This presentation looks at building built by the Raj and Raj-supported princes in the late 19th century. Havell makes a case for including Indian elements in public buildings while others advocate using architecture associated with imperial power in Europe. Indian painters evolve from artists who use the motifs of western art to those who look to traditional art
After a brief look at the jubilees celebrated in India the presentation looks at the proposed 1905 Bengal partition and its consequences. Partition is justified by administrative concerns but the partition map effects religious differences and a policy of divide and rule. Muslims in Bengal support the partition but the Indian National Congress opposes it.The reaction is to combine support of native industry with boycott of foreign goods. Opponents divide into moderates who support just these efforts . and extremists who advocate swaraj or self-rule. The Raj counters with the Minto-Morley reforms which give a small increase in local self-government. In 1911 the partition is repealed
6 The Raj - Indentured Indian Labor in South AfricaRobert Ehrlich
A look at the Indian diaspora in South Africa where indentured labor predominates but there are formeer indentured laborers who have small businesses and merchants or 'passenger' Indians' who have paid there own way. Gandhi goes to South Africa as lawyer for a merchant but encounters the plight of indentured labor. He develops the technique fo satyagraha to protest discrimination against Indians.
5 The Raj Political. Social and Religious Reform and WomenRobert Ehrlich
The Indian National Congress makes moderate demands for political reforms. The British make laws or attempt to make laws dealing with practices that some identify with religious traditions and others fee it is up to Indians to address. Some measures that are considered suppressive of free speech and participation in the system are. overturned. Particularly troublesome is the question whether Indians can sit on juries that try British citizens.
The rise of Indian nationalism in the late 19th century is a combination of rising Indian identity but also Hindu and Muslim identity. At Ayodha they come into conflict. A limited self-governance is offered through the 1892 Councils Act. Education is expanded particularly high education.
The use of caste by the British in terms of their remake of the army. Caste as a census. A look at caste from historic, linguistic and genetic point of view.
The changes that take place in India after the areas administered by the East India Company are assumed by the Crown. The army is restructured in an attempt to prevent future mutinies. A series of famines occurs and question arise about how to prevent or lessen their impact.
The Government of India Act of 1935 and discontent. The entrance of India into World War 2 and the resulting disaffection of the Indian National Congress, the opposition of the Indian Antional Army and the support of over 2 million volunteers. The Indian Army is crucial in East Africa and the Middle East and of great support in North Africa and Italy. A look at the summer capital of Simla.
The Indian Army after the Great War. The consequences of the swadeshi movement. Move of the capitol to New Delhi. Congress rejects the reformed government proposed by the Simon Commission. Round table conferences to try to reconcile differences. Salt Satyagraha led by Gandhi to try to obtain concessions.
3 England & India Before the Raj: New Products, New MilitarismRobert Ehrlich
The East India Company must accommodate to changing regimes in Britain. Its product create changing tastes: tea, cotton cloths and diamonds. A look at Company officials who get rich on diamonds.
5 England & India Before the Raj; Controlling Indian territoryRobert Ehrlich
The East India Company must now administer the territory where it has obtained revenue rights. The Company is under increased scrutiny and a hearing is held on Clive and his vast gains. Parliament attempts to have an influence in this administration.
A governor-general, Warren Hastings is sent to lead the three divisions of presidencies.
War continues in the south with conflicts between Mysore and its neighbors. After France enters on the side of revolting American colonists, the conflict again spills over into India. A technological advance is the sue fo improved rockets by Mysore
We also look at working conditions for civilian employees in India.
4 England and India Before the Raj: From Commercial to Military PowerRobert Ehrlich
This is the time of Clive.
The decline of the Mughal Empire leads to the development of regional powers.
In the Carnatic conflicts between these powers offer opportunities for expansion of East India Company influence. In this they come into conflict with the French and European and North American Wars (Austrian Succession, Seven Years) involve an Indian theater.
In Bengal rights granted by a weak Mughal Emperor are abused. A new leader, nawab, of Bengal attempts to check these abuses. He attacks Calcutta but a counterattack at the Battle of Plassey results in a puppet nawab. He too grows weary of abuses and demands and at Buxar is defeated. The Emperor then grants the Company revenue rights in Bengal and neighboring areas.
Financial difficulties result in a British bailout with restrictions. The Company is allowed to send tea to North America with a lower tariff but it is rejected. The American Revolution results.
The use of European trained native Indian troops (sepoys) begins
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
3. Battle of Blanck Point, April 1644
• A ship from Bristol was spotted trading with
Virginians by two larger London ships (Parl.)
– Attacked on excuse that Virginians would not
trade with Londoners
– Several casualties
– Bristol ship escapes to shallow water
• Triggers Powhaten raid
• June London privateer seizes Bristol ship in
Massachusetts
4. Maryland
1649 Maryland loyal to Charles II
1649 Maryland Toleration Act, or Act Concerning
Religion, mandated religious tolerance for
trinitarian Christians.
1654 Commonwealth forces take over
1655 Ousted Governor Stone (a protestant
appointed by Calvert) returns and is defeated at the
Battle of the Severn
1657 Puritans recognize authority of Lord Baltimore
and restore totleration
5. Toleration Act
Hate speech
Anyone calling a person a “heritick, Scismatick,
Idolator, puritan, Independant, Prespiterian popish
prest, Jesuite, Jesuited papist, Lutheran, Calvenist,
Anabaptist, Brownist, Antinomian, Barrowist,
Roundhead, Separatist, or any other name or terme
in a reproachfull manner relating to matter of
Religion” shall be fined
6. Toleration act
• No one believing in Jesus Christ shall be
molested or prevented from free exercise of
their religion
• No one shall be compelled to profess belief or
exercise in any other religion than their own
9. Caribbean
• 1639-1641 Ban on tobacco production in
conjunction with French West Indies
– Reaction to glut on market
• 1641 Rebellion in St. Christopher over
payments during these yeas
– Put down by governor
• 1642 2nd rebellion demands trial in England
– Planters granted representative assembly
10. Sugar in Barbados
1642 Introduced by Dutch−Feedstock, fuel, rum
1644 Larger plantations export sugar
1645 Boston slave traders pick up cargo of wine,
salt, sugar, and tobacco in exchange for slaves
14. Under Commonwealth and Protectorate
• Transport criminals and vagrants to West
Indies, primarily Barbados but also Jamaica
• Indenture
• Many move to Montserrat
15. East India Company
• 1654 Company loses its monopoly charter.
• 1657 Cromwell renews the charter
– Grants the EIC right to govern the South Atlantic
island of Saint Helena as supply station
18. Petition
• Elizabeth Lilburne and her companions in
petitioned and were told that it was not for
women to petition, they should stay at home
and wash the dishes
• She replied “Sir, We have scarce any dishes left
us to wash, and those we have we are not
sure to keep them.”
21. Employment
• The wages of male harvesters rose much
higher than those of women especially for
skills such as scything which women were not
expected to practisce.
• Wages of reapers, a job done predominantly
by women with sickles rose higher than those
of men, reflecting the shortage of women to
do such work.
22. Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658)
Morgan Williams, Wales, innkeeper and brewer, marries sister of Thomas Cromwell
Richard Williams changes name to Cromwell. Receives former church lands
Sir Henry Cromwell builds on sites of Benedictine abbey and convent
Oliver Cromwell Robert Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell, General, Protector
"Ramsey Abbey 1" by Chris Stafford. Licensed under CC
BY-SA 2.0 via Commons -
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ramsey_Abbey
_1.jpg#/media/File:Ramsey_Abbey_1.jpg
Summer residence, HenryWinter residence, Henry
23.
24. Promotions
July 1642, delegated by Commons to prevent
transfer of Cambridge U plate to Charles; raises
cavalry company
February 1643, From captain to colonel
• To deputies
“You must act lively; do it without distraction. Neglect
no means”; “Service must be done. Command you and
be obeyed!”
February 1644, As de facto commander of
cavalry, appointed lieutenant-general
25. Composition of New Model Army
• 11 cavalry regiments of 600 men
• 12 infantry regiments of 1200 men
– 2/3 musketeers; 1/3 pikemen
• 1 regiment of dragoons of 1000 men
• Artillery train of 50 guns
26. Command
• Sir Thomas Fairfax, captain general
• Philip Skippon, major-general of foot
• Oliver Cromwell, lieutenant-general of horse
• Thomas Hammond, lieutenant-general of
ordnance
The Oxford English Dictionary dated the earliest use of the phrase "New Model Army" to the works of the Scottish historian Thomas Carlyle in 1845, and the exact term does not appear in 17th or 18th century documents. Records from February 1646 refer to the "New Modelled Army"—the idiom of the time being to refer to an army that was "new-modelled" rather than appending the word "army" to "new model"
Without any warning they glided alongside their prey and
opened fire. Their shot tore down some of the Bristolman’s rigging killing a
Virginian planter and injuring several of her crew.
13
It is likely that they fired high in order to minimise any damage to their
intended prize and frighten their victim into surrender. What they did not
anticipate was that their prey would fight back and, in de Vries words, ‘…a
sharp engagement…’ ensued. The Royalist captain quickly cut his anchor
cable and used the in-coming tide manoeuvred his vessel into a creek that
was too shallow for his larger attackers to follow.
First Colonial battle related to events in England
In MA, Despite Parliamentarian sympathies the authorities in Massachusetts
realised that maritime trade was so important that they could not afford to
refuse to trade with English ships from Royalist ports but equally they could
not afford to allow rival captains to attack each other as and when they
pleased.
"Old synagogue in Belleville, Bridgetown, Barbados" by Sandboxiguana (talk) - I created this work entirely by myself.. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Old_synagogue_in_Belleville,_Bridgetown,_Barbados.JPG#/media/File:Old_synagogue_in_Belleville,_Bridgetown,_Barbados.JPG
Drax Hall was built by the brothers William and James Drax in the 1650's. The brothers built Drax Hall as one of the earliest and biggest sugar properties in Barbados. They were a wealthy and well connected family that had a special love for Barbados. There were others like them, for Barbados prospered with sugar and its plantation owners held considerable influence at home and abroad.
St.Nicholas Abbey, located in the parish of St.Peter, was built in 1658 and is one of only three genuine Jacobean mansions in the Western Hemisphere.
On May 12th,
1644, it reported that the Countess of Derby had, since April 10th, that year, taken seven pieces of cannon, a
mortar-piece, many colours, and killed above 600 rebels, 'many of whose bodies lie too near the house, which
are not fetched off by either side'. It also claimed that the Parliamentarian commander, Colonel Moore,
Women wer active protester against varying taxes.
commanded that a cannon be charged with chain shot to kill the countess and her children during a parley but
that the cannoneers refused to co-operate.
Elizabeth Lilburne, leveller, and her companions in
1649 telling her that it was not for women to petition, they should stay at home and wash the dishes, to which
she replied 'Sir, We have scarce any dishes left us to wash, and those we have we are not sure to keep them'.
MW, who returned from Ireland to Liverpool when the Royalists:
took Liverpool, and killed my husband, and a child, both before my face and stripped, and wounded me, and a
child of five years old; and it was thought I could not live...but our cause was God's and our enemies (were)
popish rebels;...so I took it patiently...and in this confidence did rejoice with my wounded child and little
daughter, in a barn where we were put, having gotten a piece of an old Bible.
The incident which she was describing took place in June 1644, when Prince Rupert had stormed Liverpool.
She gave her account at a meeting of an Independent church in London where it was recorded by the minister.
A drummer belonging to the regiment in the Tower proves to be a woman, and hath been brought to bed of a
boy, and lies-in near East-Smithfield, she was of good report, and her comrade was her husband.
Women acted as spies for both sides. Sir Thomas Fairfax ordered the payment of L10 to 'Mary the scout' for
'special service done by her at Taunton' in 1645
Mrs Rudman, wife of a local man, was the garrison cook until dismissed in 1645 with a
payment of ten shillings,
Mrs Judith Massey from Epworth in Lincolnshire seems to have
made it business, for she was paid L10 for caring for 150 soldiers after the battle of Marston Moor. Medical care
for soldiers on the field was of the most rudimentary kind: surgeons and apothecaries travelled with the armies,
but there was little they could do for injured soldiers who had usually to be left behind in the care of local people
when the army moved on. Illness in the larger armies was a serious problem and there were several
devastating outbreaks of camp fever in and around the Royalist headquarters at Oxford.
During the English Civil War dragoons were used for a variety of tasks: providing outposts, holding defiles or bridges in the front or rear of the main army, lining hedges or holding enclosures, and providing dismounted musketeers to support regular cavalry.[8] Supplied with inferior horses and more basic equipment, the dragoon regiments were cheaper to recruit and maintain than the expensive regiments of cavalry.
Leaders
Edward Whalley, wool draper, son of sheriff
Charles Fleetwood, lawyer
Nathaniel rich, lawyer
Henry Ireton, politician law
Edward Rossiter, college
Robert Hammond, college wo degree
Edward Manotagu, gentry
John Pickering, gentry
Thomas Rainsborough, son of admiral
Philip Skippon, professional military
Richard Ingoldsby, genry
Hardress Waller, gentry
Deliberatley destroyed
Lord Herbert left the castle to join the campaign against Parliament, returning at intervals to acquire more funds for the war.[27] Charles I himself visited the castle twice, first in June 1645 after the battle of Naseby and again in 1646, when he enjoyed playing bowls on the castle's green.[28] The Royalist cause was now close to military collapse, and the Marquess started to send some valuables, including the oak panelling from the parlour, some plaster ceiling and many pictures, to his brother at nearby Troy House for safe-keeping.[29] Lord Herbert was captured in Ireland, and an attack on Raglan itself appeared imminent.[29]
The slighted side of the Great Tower
In the expectation of a siege, the castle garrison was increased to around 800 soldiers; the avenue of trees outside the castle gates were cut down, and neighbouring buildings destroyed to avoid them being used by Parliamentary forces.[30] Large amounts of food were brought in to support the growing castle community, which also included a number of the wider Herbert family and other regional Royalist leaders who had sought shelter there.[31] The first Parliamentary army arrived in early June, under the command of Colonel Morgan and Sir Trevor Williams.[32] After several calls for the castle to surrender, a siege ensued, lasting through the summer months.[31] In August, additional Parliamentary forces under General Fairfax arrived, and calls for the castle to surrender were renewed.[33] Fairfax's men began to dig trenches towards the castle, and used these to move mortars forward, probably including the famous "Roaring Meg", bringing the interior of the castle into artillery range.[33] Facing a hopeless situation, the Marquess surrendered the castle on 19 August on relatively generous terms for the garrison.[33] The Marquess himself was arrested and sent to Windsor Castle, where he died shortly afterwards.[33]
Fairfax ordered the castle to be totally destroyed under the supervision of Henry Herbert, a descendant of William ap Thomas.[34] The fortifications proved too strong, however, and only a few of the walls were destroyed, or slighted.[34] Historian Matthew Johnson describes the event as having the atmosphere of a "community festival", as local people dredged the castle moat in search of treasure, and emptied the fishponds of valuable carp.[35] The castle's library, including an important collection of Welsh documents and books, was either stolen or destroyed
In the Civil War Sherborne was strongly Royalist, and the old castle was left in ruins by General Fairfax of the Parliamentary forces in 1645.