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5 f2015 Last Days of Charles I
- 1. Last Days of Charles I
- 2. Journey • May 1646 Surrenders to Covenanters • August 1647 Handed over to Parliament; Kept at Hampton Court awaiting a decision • Negotiates with Colonel Robert Hammond, the Parliamentarian governor of the Isle of Wight • November 1647 Carisbrooke Castle
- 4. Charles I Home at Carisbrooke March 1648 Escape Attempt
- 5. More Secure Lodging May 1648 2nd Escape attempt foiled
- 7. On to London September 1648 Negotiations in nearby Newport Treaty of Newport November/ December Hurst Castle, Windsor Options Agree to Long Parliament terms Abdicate in favor of son, Henry Army solution: “exemplary justice … in capital punishment”
- 8. Before the High Court of Justice • January 6, 1649 Commons authorizes High Court without Lords consent – 135 commissioners selected – ~70 attend all or part of trial • January 20 Trial begins
- 9. Charges Devising 'a wicked design to erect and uphold in himself an unlimited and tyrannical power to rule according to his Will, and to overthrow the Rights and Liberties of the People.’ He had 'traitorously and maliciously levied war against the present Parliament and the people therein represented', and renewed the war after his defeat with the sole objective of 'upholding of a personal interest of Will and Power and pretended prerogative to himself and his family against the public interest, common right, liberty, justice and peace of the people of this nation'. On behalf of the people of England, the King was impeached 'as a Tyrant, Traitor, Murderer, and a public and implacable Enemy to the Commonwealth of England'.
- 10. Defense Challenge authority of the court I will not betray [the trust given to me by God] to answer a new unlawful authority I do stand more for the liberty of my people, than any here I never took up arms against the people, but for the laws
- 11. Sentence and Execution January 27 Sentence signed by 58 with 9 refusals January 30 Execution at Whitehall
- 13. Chapel of St. Nicholas at Carisbrooke, reconstructed 1904
- 14. Charles I attributed to Bernini
Editor's Notes
- John Bradshaw, Cheshire judge who was the highest-ranking judicial officer the Commons could persuade to preside over the trial, He initially rejected the appointment as President but the group insisited and named him Lord President The show trila had all the commissioners in new finery. the remarks of Marchamont Needham, ever pungent and sharp-witted in his criticism, are telling. 'How like Judges they look for such a purpose,' wrote he, in the guise of the 'royalist Independent' weekly journal, Mercurius Pragmaticus, ...cloath'd in the scarlet of their rebellious sin, their Garments Roul'd in Blood; Their ermin spotted with Carnation...The outward face and Vissage of a Court they have in all its proportions, from the Fore-top to the Mouth, from the Beetle-brow'd President, to the foul-mouth'd Cryer. - See more at: http://www.historytoday.com/sean-kelsey/trial-charles-i-new-perspective#sthash.JTV46dPN.dpuf
- Portrait by Edward Bowers I will stand as much for the privilege of the House of Commons, rightly understood, as any man here whatsoever: I see no House of Lords here, that may constitute a Parliament ... Let me see a legal authority warranted by the Word of God, the Scriptures, or warranted by the constitutions of the Kingdom, and I will answer. Bradshaw refused to call Commons and Lords to hear Charles “'there is a contract and a bargain made between the King and his people, and your oath is taken: and certainly, Sir, the bond is reciprocal; for as you are the liege lord, so they liege subjects ... This we know no, the one tie, the one bond, is the bond of protection that is due from the sovereign; the other is the bond of subjection that is due from the subject. Sir, if this bond be once broken, farewell sovereignty! ... These things may not be denied, Sir ... Whether you have been, as by your office you ought to be, a protector of England, or the destroyer of England, let all England judge, or all the world, that hath look'd upon it ... You disavow us as a Court; and therefore for you to address yourself to us, not acknowledging us as a Court to judge of what you say, it is not to be permitted.” In his letters in the next days Charles ascribed his own downfall not to any abuse of power but to his weakness in failing to protect the church and the rule of law from ‘the rough hours of men's covetous and ambitious designs … which were at first hidden under the soft and smooth pretensions of religion, reformation and liberty’. He had, he said explicitly, failed to spot ‘the wolves in sheeps' clothing’
- Note people on roof.