The Jamestown settlement was established in 1607 by the Virginia Company as the first permanent English colony in North America. The original 104 colonists struggled greatly, with over 60% dying in the first winter from famine, disease, and conflicts with local Native Americans. John Smith emerged as a leader and instituted policies that helped the colony survive. Tobacco was introduced as a cash crop in 1611 and greatly boosted the colony's prosperity. The Virginia Company's charter was revoked in 1624 after criticism of its mismanagement led to many colonist deaths. However, the colony survived and became economically viable due to the lucrative tobacco trade.
The Story of Pocahontas and Captain John SmithChuck Thompson
This is more of a children's version of the story. Great artwork throughout. This is our third book on Pocahontas. Liberty Education Series over at Gloucester, Virginia Links and News website. GVLN. Visit us for more incredible content.
AP U.S. History Presentation for students at the Media Arts Collaborative Charter School.
Based on a presentation created by Susan Pojer of Horace Greeley High School.
A look at the settlement of Jamestown and its hardships with a focus on the acts of cannibalism that have been brought to light recently. It has been adapted from another previous presentation.
Covers the founding of the Virginia Colony, beginning with the establishment of the Virginia Company under the First Charter of Virginia in 1606 and concluding with Captain John Smith's leadership of the Jamestown settlement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
3. King James I
• Was king of Scotland beginning in 1567
• Becomes king of England and Ireland in 1603
• Son of Mary, Queen of Scots
• James believed that colonies could prove
profitable to the Crown
• Viewed North America as the most likely place
for settlements
• Only one problem…
4.
5. Virginia Company
• Collection of businessmen and investors
• Granted a charter by King James I in 1606
• Charter was for 6 million acres (Vermont: 5.9
million square acres, Massachusetts: 5 million)
• Purpose: To establish colonies in North
America that would prove financially
beneficial to the Crown
• London and Plymouth Companies
6.
7. Plymouth Company
• Colony is placed at the mouth of Kennebec
River in Maine, near present day Bath
• Survives for one year before being abandoned
• Area is ignored as a colonization target until
1620
8. Jamestown Settlement
• First colonists arrive April 1607
• 104 men and boys
• Combination of gentry, military men,
craftsmen/artisans, unskilled laborers
• Upon arrival, secret orders from the Virginia
Company listing who was in charge were
opened. Mix of gentry and military men.
9.
10. Jamestown: After the Arrival
• Attacked by Algonquian Indians, led by Powhatan,
on first night
• Sought refuge onboard ships
• Construction of a fort begins after a month
• Algonquian attack exposes vulnerabilities, leads
to construction of a second, stronger fort
• Why Jamestown location?
1. Water depth
2. Defendable
11.
12. Jamestown: After the Arrival (cont.)
• Captain Newport returns to England for
supplies one week after fort is finished
• Colony starts to slide towards extinction
• Why?
13. Problems at Jamestown
• Famine
• Less than 50% of population was still alive less
than six months later
• Lack of farmers
• Lack of proper equipment
• Disease
1. Typhoid
2. Dysentery
• Indian attacks
14. Divine Intervention…or Pure Dumb
Luck?
• Powhatan intervenes
• January 1687: Captain Newport returns
• Brings supplies AND 120 colonists
• Only 38 members from the original group are
still alive (36.5%)
• Colonists accidentally burn fort, spend winter
months living in the ruins
• High death rate continues for decades
15. Jamestown (non)Survivability Rate
• First colonists: 38 of 104
• 1609: Population declines from 600 to 60 in
SIX MONTHS.
• 1619-1622: Virginia Company sends 3570
people to Jamestown to join 700 already
there. 3000 die.
• 1607-1625: Virginia Company sends 6000
people to Virginia. By 1625, only 1200 remain.
16.
17. John Smith: Savior of Jamestown
• Adventurer (aka: mercenary)
• Captured and sold as slave to Turkish
nobleman
• Escapes, returns to England. Joins Jamestown
expedition
• Clashes with shipmates, clapped in irons,
threatened with execution
• Named by Virginia Company to Jamestown
Council
18. James Smith (cont.)
• Explores and maps Virginia
• Captured by Algonquians during exploring trip
• Disappearance allows Captain Newport and
another colonist to assume control of colony
• Summer 1608: Leaves settlement to further
explore Virginia
• Reelected to the colony council in September
19. John Smith (cont.)
• Captain Newport returns to England (Fall 1608)
• Colony still struggling to survive
• Smith emerges as leader of the settlement
• Pressures Powhatan
• No work, on eat
• Newport returns in 1609 with supplies and
colonists
• Smith loses power struggle, departs colony
October 1609, dies in 1631
20. John Rolfe
• Departed England for Jamestown in May 1609
• Onboard is his pregnant wife, Sara
• Sea Venture was captained by Captain
Newport.
• John Smith’s angry letter to the Virginia
Company leads them to make their third
supply mission their biggest and best
equipped
21. “When you send againe I entreat you rather
send but thirty Carpenters, husbandmen,
gardiners, fishermen, blacksmiths, masons and
diggers up of trees, roots, well provided; than a
thousand of such as wee have: for except wee
be able both to lodge them and feed them, the
most will consume with want of necessaries
before they can be made good for anything.”
-John Smith
22. John Rolfe (cont.)
• Rolfe and other survivors are shipwrecked for
9 months
• Using the remains of the Sea Venture, the
survivors build two ships, Deliverance and
Patience in May 1610
• Rolfe’s wife and infant daughter die in
Bermuda
23. John Rolfe (cont.)
• Does not begin growing tobacco until 1611
• By 1617, Virginia colony produces 20,000
pounds of tobacco annually
• In 1618, tobacco exports jump to 40,000
pounds
• Rolfe marries Pocahontas in 1614
24. End of the Virginia Company
• Rolfe’s marriage to Pocahontas results in
uneasy peace between Algonquian and the
English settlers
• Death of Powhatan in 1618 ends peace
• 1622: Slaughter of settlers by Indians. Loss of
more than 25% of the settlers results
• Investigation by Crown places blame for
deaths of colonists on mismanagement
25. End of the Virginia Company(cont.)
• Charter is revoked
• Virginia colony survives. Why?
26.
27. Year
Colonial Tobacco Imports
to England
(includes Virginia from 1612
and Bermuda from 1615)
European Tobacco
Imports to England
1616 2,300 52,673
1617 19,388 50,906
1618 41,728 42,871
1623 134,607 66,877
1624 202,962 63,497
28. A Counterblaste to Tobacco
• King James hates the use of tobacco by
subjects. Forbids use of it in his presence.
• Issues a treatise in 1604
“A custome lothsome to the eye, hatefull to the
Nose, harmefull to the braine, dangerous to the
Lungs, and in the blacke stinking fume thereof,
neerest resembling the horrible Stigian smoke of
the pit that is bottomelesse.”
