Thermal energy is the total kinetic and potential energy of atoms in an object. Temperature is a measure of thermal energy, with higher temperatures indicating faster particle motion. Changes in thermal energy can cause changes in phase. Heat is transferred between objects through conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves direct contact, convection uses fluid movement, and radiation uses electromagnetic waves like infrared.

1. CHAPTER 14 SECTION 4

2. THERMAL ENERGY
–the total of all the kinetic and potential
energy of the atoms in an object
• When the thermal energy of a substance
increases, its particles move faster
• A change in thermal energy can lead to a
change in phase

3. Thermal Energy and Temperature
–Temperature - measure of thermal energy
The temperature of an object is related to
the average kinetic energy of
all its particles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1eAOygDP5s

5. Conduction
–the transfer of heat between
objects that are in contact.
• The stove heats the pan above it
by conduction.

6. Convection
–the transfer of heat by a moving liquid
or gas.
• For example, cool water sinks
under warm water.
• The warm water will rise.
• This creates a circular current
called a convection current.

7. Radiation
–the transfer of heat
by electromagnetic waves.
• All objects radiate heat, hot objects
radiate more than cool ones.
• The part of the
electromagnetic
spectrum that is
related to heat is
infrared radiation.

8. Conduction, Convection, Radiation
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wr8Z4SCETPs
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Y3mfAGVn1c