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Japanese Gutai



Art 109A: Art Since 1945
Westchester Community College
Fall 2012
Dr. Melissa Hall
Global Expressionism
The Japanese Gutai Group formed
around the Japanese painter Jiro
Yoshihara around 1954




                                   Photograph of Gutai Artists.
                                   Image source: http://guitai.wordpress.com/
Global Expressionism
They were deeply influenced by the
work of Jackson Pollock and
Georges Mathieu




                                     Photograph of Gutai Artists.
                                     Image source: http://guitai.wordpress.com/




                                     Hans Namuth, Jackson Pollock, 1950
Global Expressionism
Their understanding was shaped by
the Life Magazine photos of the
artists working




                                    Dimitri Kessell, Georges Mathieu, 1957
                                    LIFE
Dimitri Kessell, Georges Mathieu, 1957
LIFE
Global Expressionism
This shaped the Gutai group’s
focus on an action-oriented
approach to art making




                                Shiraga painting with his feet for Life magazine, at the Nishinomiya factory of Yoshihara’s salad oil
                                company, 1956. Image source: http://www.aaa-a.org/2012/01/18/conversation-with-reiko-tomii/
Global Expressionism
   In 1956 Jiro Yoshiharo published
   the “Gutai Manifesto” in which he
   dismissed all past art as “fakes”
   and “counterfeit objects


“With our present awareness, the arts
we have known up to now appear to us
in general to be fakes fitted out with a
tremendous affectation. Let us take
leave of these piles of counterfeit
objects on the altars, in the palaces, in
the salons and the antique shops. ”
Jiro Yoshiharo, “Gutai Manifesto,” 1956



                                            Joro Yoshiharo
                                            Image source: http://www.zerofoundation.de/friends.html
Global Expressionism
  This is because most art disguises
  the materials from which it is made




““These objects are in disguise and
their materials such as paint, pieces of
cloth, metals, clay or marble are
loaded with false significance by
human hand and by way of fraud, so
that, instead of just presenting their
own material, they take on the
appearance of something else.”
Jiro Yoshiharo, “Gutai Manifesto,” 1956


                                           Joro Yoshiharo
                                           Image source: http://www.zerofoundation.de/friends.html
Global Expressionism
   The Gutai group emphasized a
   direct encounter and interaction
   with materials:
“Gutai art does not change the material
but brings it to life. Gutai art does not
falsify the material. In Gutai art the
human spirit and the the material reach
out their hands to each other, even
though they are otherwise opposed to
each other. The material is not
absorbed by the spirit. The spirit does
not force the material into submission.
If one leaves the material as it is,
presenting it just as material, then it
starts to tell us something and speaks
with a mighty voice. Keeping the life of
the material alive also means bringing        Joro Yoshiharo
the spirit alive, and lifting up the spirit   Image source: http://www.zerofoundation.de/friends.html

means leading the material up to the
height of the spirit.”
Jiro Yoshiharo, “Gutai Manifesto,” 1956
Gutai Group
The emphasis on human interaction
with materials led to a highly
performative approach to art
making




                                    Saburo Murakami, Passage, 1956
Gutai Group
Saburo Murakami’s Passage was a
performance in which the artist
burst through a series of paper
screens




                                  Saburo Murakami, Passage, 1956
Gutai Group
In Challenge to the Mud Kazua
Shiraga created a “work” by literally
engaging his body with mud




                                        Kazuo Shiraga, Challenge to the Mud, 1955
Gutai Group
The work evokes Pollock’s drip
paintings as well as Yves Klein’s
Living Brush series




                                    Kazuo Shiraga, Challenge to the Mud, 1955
Gutai Group
  Shiraga also experimented with
  other methods of making paintings




Shiraga painting with his feet for Life magazine,
at the Nishinomiya factory of Yoshihara’s salad oil
company, 1956.
                                                      Kazuo Shiraga, Making Painting with his feet, Second Gutai
                                                      Exhibition, 1956
Gutai Group
Atsuko Tanaka’s electric dress is
one of the icons of the Gutai
movement




                                    Atsuko Tanaka, Electric Dress, 1956
Gutai Group
It was made from hundreds of
flashing lights




                               Atsuko Tanaka, Electric Dress, 1956/85
Gutai Group
Like Shigeko Kubota’s Vagina
Painting, Tanaka’s Electric Dress
anticipates the concerns of
Feminist art




                                    Atsuko Tanaka, Electric Dress, 1956/85
Gutai Group
This piece by Tanaka consists of a
silk hanging, activated by a fan

The floor pieces in front were
meant to be walked on




                                     Atsuko Tanaka, Sakuhin (Work), 1955
Gutai artist Shozo Shimamoto's work in Venice: "Kono-ue wo Aruite Kudasai (Please walk on top)," and "Sakuhin (Work)" [in
backgtround] at Fare Mondi (Making Worlds), la biennale di Venezia.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juoqhpCNYDY
Gutai Group
The most innovative aspect of
Gutai art was their outdoor
exhibitions staged in 1955 and
1956




                                 http://www.tofu-magazine.net/newVersion/pages/Gutai56.html
Gutai Group
These exhibitions were
participatory events similar to
Happenings and Fluxus

After the event, the “works” were
destroyed




                                    Akira Kanayama , Ashiato, 1956
http://www.nipponlugano.ch/en/gutai-multimedia/narrazione/project/links/Highlights/project/narrazione_home_nav-short.html

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4.3 gutai

  • 1. Japanese Gutai Art 109A: Art Since 1945 Westchester Community College Fall 2012 Dr. Melissa Hall
  • 2. Global Expressionism The Japanese Gutai Group formed around the Japanese painter Jiro Yoshihara around 1954 Photograph of Gutai Artists. Image source: http://guitai.wordpress.com/
  • 3. Global Expressionism They were deeply influenced by the work of Jackson Pollock and Georges Mathieu Photograph of Gutai Artists. Image source: http://guitai.wordpress.com/ Hans Namuth, Jackson Pollock, 1950
  • 4. Global Expressionism Their understanding was shaped by the Life Magazine photos of the artists working Dimitri Kessell, Georges Mathieu, 1957 LIFE
  • 5. Dimitri Kessell, Georges Mathieu, 1957 LIFE
  • 6. Global Expressionism This shaped the Gutai group’s focus on an action-oriented approach to art making Shiraga painting with his feet for Life magazine, at the Nishinomiya factory of Yoshihara’s salad oil company, 1956. Image source: http://www.aaa-a.org/2012/01/18/conversation-with-reiko-tomii/
  • 7. Global Expressionism In 1956 Jiro Yoshiharo published the “Gutai Manifesto” in which he dismissed all past art as “fakes” and “counterfeit objects “With our present awareness, the arts we have known up to now appear to us in general to be fakes fitted out with a tremendous affectation. Let us take leave of these piles of counterfeit objects on the altars, in the palaces, in the salons and the antique shops. ” Jiro Yoshiharo, “Gutai Manifesto,” 1956 Joro Yoshiharo Image source: http://www.zerofoundation.de/friends.html
  • 8. Global Expressionism This is because most art disguises the materials from which it is made ““These objects are in disguise and their materials such as paint, pieces of cloth, metals, clay or marble are loaded with false significance by human hand and by way of fraud, so that, instead of just presenting their own material, they take on the appearance of something else.” Jiro Yoshiharo, “Gutai Manifesto,” 1956 Joro Yoshiharo Image source: http://www.zerofoundation.de/friends.html
  • 9. Global Expressionism The Gutai group emphasized a direct encounter and interaction with materials: “Gutai art does not change the material but brings it to life. Gutai art does not falsify the material. In Gutai art the human spirit and the the material reach out their hands to each other, even though they are otherwise opposed to each other. The material is not absorbed by the spirit. The spirit does not force the material into submission. If one leaves the material as it is, presenting it just as material, then it starts to tell us something and speaks with a mighty voice. Keeping the life of the material alive also means bringing Joro Yoshiharo the spirit alive, and lifting up the spirit Image source: http://www.zerofoundation.de/friends.html means leading the material up to the height of the spirit.” Jiro Yoshiharo, “Gutai Manifesto,” 1956
  • 10. Gutai Group The emphasis on human interaction with materials led to a highly performative approach to art making Saburo Murakami, Passage, 1956
  • 11. Gutai Group Saburo Murakami’s Passage was a performance in which the artist burst through a series of paper screens Saburo Murakami, Passage, 1956
  • 12. Gutai Group In Challenge to the Mud Kazua Shiraga created a “work” by literally engaging his body with mud Kazuo Shiraga, Challenge to the Mud, 1955
  • 13. Gutai Group The work evokes Pollock’s drip paintings as well as Yves Klein’s Living Brush series Kazuo Shiraga, Challenge to the Mud, 1955
  • 14. Gutai Group Shiraga also experimented with other methods of making paintings Shiraga painting with his feet for Life magazine, at the Nishinomiya factory of Yoshihara’s salad oil company, 1956. Kazuo Shiraga, Making Painting with his feet, Second Gutai Exhibition, 1956
  • 15. Gutai Group Atsuko Tanaka’s electric dress is one of the icons of the Gutai movement Atsuko Tanaka, Electric Dress, 1956
  • 16. Gutai Group It was made from hundreds of flashing lights Atsuko Tanaka, Electric Dress, 1956/85
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  • 19. Gutai Group Like Shigeko Kubota’s Vagina Painting, Tanaka’s Electric Dress anticipates the concerns of Feminist art Atsuko Tanaka, Electric Dress, 1956/85
  • 20. Gutai Group This piece by Tanaka consists of a silk hanging, activated by a fan The floor pieces in front were meant to be walked on Atsuko Tanaka, Sakuhin (Work), 1955
  • 21. Gutai artist Shozo Shimamoto's work in Venice: "Kono-ue wo Aruite Kudasai (Please walk on top)," and "Sakuhin (Work)" [in backgtround] at Fare Mondi (Making Worlds), la biennale di Venezia. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juoqhpCNYDY
  • 22. Gutai Group The most innovative aspect of Gutai art was their outdoor exhibitions staged in 1955 and 1956 http://www.tofu-magazine.net/newVersion/pages/Gutai56.html
  • 23. Gutai Group These exhibitions were participatory events similar to Happenings and Fluxus After the event, the “works” were destroyed Akira Kanayama , Ashiato, 1956