Postwar America saw celebrations after the end of World War II in both Europe and the Pacific, but it also marked the beginning of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union. The U.S. emerged from the war as the world's dominant economic and military power due to its manufacturing strength remaining intact during the war. Americans enjoyed a period of economic growth and prosperity in the postwar years, fueled by consumerism and suburban expansion. However, tensions with the Soviet Union would come to define American foreign policy for decades to come.
Following World War I, the United States adopted an isolationist stance. Starting in 1935, Congress even passed various neutrality acts to enforce the will against foreign entanglement. But by December of 1941, President Roosevelt’s formal declaration of war made this legislation irrelevant. Although America attempted isolationism, European and Asian affairs brought global tension that eventually hit the country’s traditional allies. An aim of World War I had been “to make the world safe for democracy”,
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. Postwar
America
and
the
Cold
War
Art
109A:
Art
Since
1945
Westchester
Community
College
Fall
2012
Dr.
Melissa
Hall
2. Postwar
America
On
May
7,
1945,
Germany
surrendered
to
Allied
forces,
bringing
the
war
in
Europe
to
an
end
New
York
Times,
May
8,
1945
Image
source:
hRp://wb9otx.blogspot.com/2011/05/ve-‐day.html
Time
Magazine
cover,
May
7,
1945
Image
source:
hRp://www.Xme.com/Xme/covers/
0,16641,19450507,00.html
3. Postwar
America
Just
three
months
later
the
world’s
first
atomic
bombs
were
dropped
on
Hiroshima
and
Nagasaki
Nagasaki
bomb
strike,
August
9,
1945
Image
source:
hRp://www.presidenXalXmeline.org/html/
educators/HST/atomicbomb_wq/
American
newspapers
announcing
the
dropping
of
the
Atomic
bomb,
and
the
surrender
of
Japan
Image
source:
hRp://blogs.knoxnews.com/munger/2010/08/oak-‐ridge-‐celebrates-‐v-‐j-‐day-‐a.html
4. Postwar
America
Americans
took
to
the
streets
in
spontaneous
VJ
Day
celebraXons
New
Yorkers
Celebrate
VJ
Day:
Americans
celebrate
Japan's
surrender.
August
17,
1945
Image
source:
hRp://www.history.com/photos/end-‐of-‐world-‐war-‐ii/photo7
Photo
by
Alfred
Eisenstaedt
in
Times
Square
on
VJ-‐Day,
1945
Image
source:
Wikipedia
5. Postwar
America
"This
is
the
day
we
have
been
waiXng
for
since
Pearl
Harbor.
This
is
the
day
when
Fascism
finally
dies,
as
we
always
knew
it
would.”
President
Harry
S.
Truman
President
Harry
S.
Truman
making
a
radio
broadcast
to
Armed
Forces
on
April
17,
1945
Image
source:
hRp://popartmachine.com/item/pop_art/LOC
+1074256/%5BHARRY-‐S.-‐TRUMAN,-‐HEAD-‐AND-‐
SHOULDERS,-‐FACING-‐RIGHT,-‐MAKING-‐RADIO...
Time
Magazine
cover,
May
7,
1945
Image
source:
hRp://www.Xme.com/Xme/covers/0,16641,19450507,00.html
6. Postwar
America
Who
do
Americans
regard
as
“evil”
today?
Time
Magazine
cover
depicXng
Saddam
Hussein
April
21,
2003
Time
magazine
cover
of
a
special
issue
on
the
death
of
Osama
bin
Laden,
May
5,
2011.
The
magazine
says
it
is
the
fourth
cover
in
Time’s
history
to
feature
the
red
“X.”
Other
covers
showed
Adolf
Hitler
on
May
7,
1945,
Saddam
Hussein
on
April
21,
2003,
and
Abu
Musab
al-‐Zarqawi
on
June
19,
2006.
(AP
Photo/Time)
Read
more:
hRp://www.thestate.com/2011/05/04/1804626/white-‐house-‐bin-‐laden-‐was-‐
unarmed.html#ixzz1OheUfcwg
7. Postwar
America
There
were
other
reasons
to
celebrate:
• The
economic
hardships
of
the
Depression
were
over
• America
was
now
the
richest
naXon
in
the
world
“While
most
of
Europe
and
part
of
Asia
suffered
extensive
physical
damage
during
the
war,
the
United
States
was
untouched.
It
thus
emerged
in
1945
with
its
manufacturing
capacity
intact
and
a
strong
economy
generated
by
years
of
war
producXon.”
Lisa
Phillips,
The
American
Century,
p.
11
V-‐J
Day,
Oak
Ridge,
August
14,
1945Photo
by
Ed
WestcoR
Image
source:
hRp://sunsite.utk.edu/westcoR/warends.htm
8. Postwar
America
During
the
1940s
Detroit’s
automobile
factories
were
re-‐fiRed
to
build
tanks,
bombers,
army
trucks,
and
ordnance
“We
must
have
more
ships,
more
guns,
more
planes
–
more
of
everything
.
.
.
We
must
be
the
great
arsenal
of
democracy.”
President
Franklin
Roosevelt,
December
29,
1940
The
assembly
line
at
the
Chrysler
tank
arsenal
cha
Photo:
William
Vandivert./Time
&
Life
Pictures/GeRy
ImagesJan
01,
1942
hRp://www.life.com/image/53373655
9. Postwar
America
“Going
into
the
war,
America
had
been
one
of
the
world’s
great
powers;
by
1945,
it
was
militarily,
poliXcally,
and
economically
without
equal.
By
1947
.
.
America
was
producing
half
the
world’s
manufactured
goods:
57
percent
of
its
steel;
43
percent
of
its
electricity;
62
percent
of
its
oil;
and
80
percent
of
its
automobiles.
In
addiXon,
America
had
a
monopoly
on
the
atomic
bomb,
the
most
dangerous
weapon
in
the
world.”
Lisa
Phillips,
The
American
Century,
p.
11
USS
Steel
Ad,
Country
gentleman,
September
1947
Image
source:
hRp://www.flickr.com/photos/incidental-‐ephemera/3301076481/
10. Postwar
America
“American
economic
success
hinged
on
mass
consumerism
.
.
.
.
Americans
were
urged
to
go
on
a
shopping
spree:
buying
new
cars,
suburban
homes,
washing
machines,
refrigerators,
and
television
sets.”
Erika
Doss,
TwenBeth
Century
American
Art,
Oxford
History
of
Art,
Oxford
University
Press,
2002,
p.
125.
1950
refrigerator
ad;
image
source:
hRp://www.marketworks.com/
StoreFrontProfiles/DeluxeSFItemDetail.aspx?
sid=1&sfid=44192&c=102794&i=231907881
Image
source:
hRp://todaysinspiraXon.blogspot.com/2006/11/axer-‐
war-‐suburbia.html
11. Postwar
America
Against
this
backdrop
of
middle-‐class
affluence
and
prosperity,
American
society
was
beset
by
feelings
of
anxiety
and
peril
“Tooker’s
Ka{a-‐esque
image
captured
middle-‐class
men
and
women
who
formed
postwar
consensus
culture,
and
showed
them
oppressed
by
their
own
uniformity.”
Erika
Doss,
TwenBeth
Century
American
Art,
Oxford
History
of
Art,
Oxford
University
Press,
2002,
p.
125.
George
Tooker,
Subway,
1950
Whitney
Museum
12. Postwar
America
But
prosperity
came
at
a
cost
“Peace
had
been
won
at
the
cost
of
innocence
and
security.
The
bomb’s
potenXal
for
total
world
destrucXon
brought
home
the
basic
fragility
and
conXngency
of
human
life
as
well
as
the
impotence
of
reason
to
provide
the
meaning
of
existence.”
Barbara
Haskell,
The
American
Century,
p.
353
Nagasaki
bomb
strike,
August
9,
1945
Image
source:
hRp://www.presidenXalXmeline.org/html/educators/HST/atomicbomb_wq/
13. Postwar
America
The
end
of
World
War
II
was
also
the
beginning
of
the
Cold
War,
as
the
United
States
and
Russia
vied
for
global
dominance
Time
Magazine
cover
depicBng
Soviet
leader
Joseph
Stalin,
February
5,
1945
Image
source:
hLp://www.Bme.com/Bme/covers/0,16641,19450205,00.html
14. Postwar
America
When
it
was
discovered
that
the
Soviets
also
had
the
bomb,
the
annihilaXon
of
the
human
race
became
an
imminent
reality
Russian
Atomic
Bomb
test,
Kazakhstan
August
29,
1949
Image
source:
hRp://www.atomicarchive.com/History/hbomb/page_09.shtml
15. Postwar
America
The
Office
of
Civil
Defense
stocked
“fall
out
shelters,”
and
provided
instrucXons
for
what
to
do
in
case
of
nuclear
aRack
Image
source:
hRp://www.civildefensemuseum.com/shelsupp.html
16. Postwar
America
Guidebooks
to
building
your
own
family
fall
out
shelter
were
published
"Fallout
shelter
built
by
Louis
Severance
adjacent
to
his
home
near
Akron,
Michigan
NaBonal
Archives
and
Records
AdministraBon,
Records
of
the
Defense
Civil
Preparedness
Agency
hLp://www.archives.gov/exhibits/picturing_the_century/postwar/postwar_img80.html
17. Postwar
America
Children
were
taught
to
“duck
and
cover”
during
school
bomb
drills
Duck
and
Cover
1951
Civil
Defense
Film
with
Bert
the
Turtle
hRp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKqXu-‐5jw60
Nuclear
air
raid
drills
were
part
of
everyday
life
for
schoolchildren
in
the
late
1940s
and
early
'50s.
Children
were
taught
to
"duck
and
cover"
under
their
desks
and
were
herded
into
school
basements
for
periodic
air
raid
drills
From
The
Detroit
News:
hRp://apps.detnews.com/apps/history/index.php?id=48#ixzz1OiGw0NK3
Image
source:
hRp://www.eo}ocus.com/event/image/id/4622/headline/Duck%20and%20Cover/
18. Postwar
America
Fear
of
nuclear
Armageddon
was
matched
by
widespread
anxiety
about
the
spread
of
communism
Mao
Tse
Tung,
Time,
Feb
7,
1949
Cover
to
the
propaganda
comic
book
"Is
This
Tomorrow"’
Image
source:
hRp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Is_this_tomorrow.jpg
19. Postwar
America
The
poliXcal
acXvism
and
lex
wing
sympathies
of
the
1930s
became
dangerous
in
the
postwar
poliXcal
climate
Wiliam
Gropper,
John
Reed
Club,
1934
In
1929,
the
poliXcal
cartoonist
and
painter
William
Gropper
became
one
of
the
founding
members
of
the
John
Reed
Club
of
ArXsts
and
Writers.
This
Communist-‐affiliated
group
.
.
.
believed
in
creaXng
art
with
explicit
social
Cover
to
the
propaganda
comic
book
"Is
This
Tomorrow"’
and
poliXcal
content
that
would
inform
workers
and
encourage
the
class
struggle.
Image
source:
The
Jewish
Museum
hRp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Is_this_tomorrow.jpg
20. Postwar
America
Fear
of
Communist
expansion
led
to
the
the
hysteria
of
the
McCarthy
era
Senator
Joseph
McCarthy,
Time,
March
8,
1954
Hank
Walker,
Sen.
Joseph
McCarthy
swearing
in
author
Dashiell
HammeR
at
Senate
Permanent
InvesXgaXng
CommiRee
hearing
on
Communism,
1953.
HammeR
is
suspected
of
being
a
communist.
LIFE
21. Postwar
America
The
House
CommiRee
on
Un-‐
American
AcXviXes
invesXgated
thousands
of
ordinary
ciXzens
suspected
of
Communist
sympathies
Ronald
Reagan
had
been
a
long-‐
Xme
opponent
of
Communism
and
as
President
of
the
Screen
Actor’s
Guild
(SAG)
cooperated
with
the
House
Un-‐American
AcXviXes
CommiRee’s
inquiry
into
the
potenXal
infiltraXon
of
Communism
into
the
MoXon
Picture
industry.
Read
a
transcript
of
his
tesXmony
here:
hRp://theomahaproject.org/module_display.php?
mod_id=44&review=yes
Ronald
Reagan
tesXfying
at
JUAC
hearing
Image
source:
hRp://theomahaproject.org/module_display.php?mod_id=44&review=yes
22. Postwar
America
When
ten
members
of
the
Hollywood
industry
refused
to
tesXfy
they
were
cited
for
contempt
The
Hollywood
Ten
in
November
1947
waiXng
to
be
fingerprinted
Image
source:
hRp://www.al}g.com/blog/censorship/the-‐hollywood-‐ten-‐remembered/
23. Postwar
America
The
film
industry
responded
with
the
“Hollywood
Blacklist”
-‐-‐
a
list
of
individuals
suspected
of
communist
affiliaXons
Dalton
Trumbo
and
his
wife
Cleo
at
the
1947
HUAC
hearings
that
resulted
in
his
imprisonment
The
Hollywood
screenwriter
Dalton
Trumbull
was
blacklisted
as
one
of
the
“Hollywood
Ten,”
and
was
imprisoned
for
his
refusal
to
divulge
his
poliXcal
beliefs
at
the
HUAC
hearings
in
1947.
During
the
1950s
he
wrote
under
a
pseudonym,
and
won
two
Academy
Awards
for
Roman
Holiday
and
The
Brave
One,
but
the
awards
were
given
to
the
people
who
“fronted”
for
him.
Christopher
Trumbo,
“War
and
Peace
(A
Sequel),”
The
Huffington
Post,
May
20,
2009
hLp://www.huffingtonpost.com/christopher-‐trumbo/war-‐and-‐peace-‐a-‐sequel_b_205501.html
24. Postwar
America
ArXsts
came
under
aRack
as
well
FBI
files
were
kept
on
arXsts
such
as
Pablo
Picasso,
Ben
Shahn,
and
other
suspected
communist
sympathizers
FBI
File
on
Pablo
Picasso
