Robert Rauschenberg was an American artist considered influential in challenging modernist views of art. He was inspired by Dadaists, Joseph Cornell, Kurt Schwitters, and artists of the 1950s like Jasper Johns. Rauschenberg helped establish Neo-Dada and acted as a bridge between Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art by incorporating everyday objects and images in innovative combinations in his combines and silkscreen works. He pushed boundaries and inspired later artists associated with Pop Art.
Lucian freud; tras los pliegues de la carne, una aproximación al retrato psic...Adolfo Vasquez Rocca
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Nota 1: LÓPEZ LEÓN, Carmen, 'Póquer literario con Lucian Freud', en Revista Almiar Margen Cero, Madrid: http://www.margencero.com/poquer/poker_freud/index_freud.html.
Nota 2 : DANTO, Arthur C., La Mandonna del Futuro, Editorial Paidós, Barcelona, 2003, p. 69.
Nota 3 : PÉREZ BERGLIAFFA, Mercedes , 'Retrato de Lucien Freud, el último gran pintor figurativo', en El Clarín de Buenos Aires, Sociedad, Edición Lunes 21.02.2005.
Nota 4 : DANTO, Arthur C., La Mandonna del Futuro, Editorial Paidós, Barcelona, 2003, p. 70.
LUCIAN FREUD; TRAS LOS PLIEGUES DE LA CARNE, UNA APROXIMACIÓN AL RETRATO PSICOLÓGICO _ Adolfo Vasquez Rocca
Rauschenberg, Robert (Milton Ernest)(b Port Arthur, TX, 22 Oct 1.docxcatheryncouper
Rauschenberg, Robert (Milton Ernest)
(b Port Arthur, TX, 22 Oct 1925; d Captiva Island, FL, 12 May 2008).
American painter, sculptor, printmaker, photographer, and performance artist. While too much of an individualist ever to be fully a part of any movement, he acted as an important bridge between Abstract Expressionism and Pop art and can be credited as one of the major influences in the return to favour of representational art in the USA. As iconoclastic in his invention of new techniques as in his wide-ranging iconography of modern life, he suggested new possibilities that continued to be exploited by younger artists throughout the latter decades of the 20th century.
1. Training and early work, to 1953.
Rauschenberg studied at Kansas City Art Institute and School of Design from 1947 to 1948 under the terms of the GI Bill before travelling to Paris, where he attended the Académie Julian for a period of about six months. On reading about the work of Josef Albers he returned to the USA to study from autumn 1948 to spring 1949 at BLACK MOUNTAIN COLLEGE, where he was taught byAlbers and his wife Anni Albers; he moved in spring 1949 to New York, where he attended the Art Students League until 1952. During this period he continued to visit Black Mountain College, where he came into contact with members of the department of music and dance, in particularJOHN CAGE and MERCE CUNNINGHAM, who helped shape his own ideas and in particular his reliance on chance methods, daily experiences and found material as elements of his art.
In the early 1950s, just as Abstract Expressionism was being recognized as the most important avant-garde movement to have emerged in the USA, Rauschenberg produced several series of abstract paintings: a group of White Paintings (1951; e.g. artist’s col., see 1980–81 exh. cat., p. 259), followed by Black Paintings (1951–2; e.g. artist’s col., see 1976–8 exh. cat., p. 67) and Red Paintings (1953; e.g. Beverly Hills, CA, Frederick R. Weisman priv. col., see 1976–8 exh. cat., p. 75). His concern, however, was not so much to project his personality through the individuality of the brushwork, as in action painting, but to present the textured surfaces of these essentially monochromatic works as screens whose appearance changed in response to the lighting conditions and the shadows cast on them by the spectators.
The first of Rauschenberg’s monochromes, some of which were painted on multiple panels measuring over 3 m in width overall, were made as backdrops for dance performances. While their austerity of form prefigures Minimalism of the 1960s, they were thus conceived largely in relation to the human figure. Rauschenberg’s importance and influence, in fact, were centred from the beginning on the highly original ways in which he reintroduced recognizable imagery. From 1949 to 1951 he and his wife, Susan Weil, whom he had met as a fellow student in Paris and married in 1950, produced a group of large-scale monoprints by shining a s ...
Appropriation is an important historical practice in art-making, in which the artist uses a previously existing form, image or sound in new ways. The creative effort is defined by the inspired selection and manipulation of found materials. The end result is a strangely familiar, yet an altogether new creation.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
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Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
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The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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1. Robert Rauschenberg neo-dada Born: Texas, 1925 Died: Florida, 2008 Robert Rauschenberg is considered to have opened the door for every artist since 1960 who has challenged the modernist view of painting and sculpture .
13. Robert Rauschenberg on "Erased de Kooning" Click on the above link to view interview This piece was one of Rauschenberg's most controversial. It raised many fundamental questions about the nature of art. The viewer was challenged to consider whether erasing another artist's work could be a creative act, as well as whether the work was only "art" because Rauschenberg was responsible.
14. Rauschenberg's work: Combines This is when non-traditional materials and objects are employed in innovative combinations. Monogram (1955-59) Later in the 1950s, Rauschenberg began moving towards Combine paintings. This is when non-traditional materials and objects are employed in innovative combinations. A painted surface is combined with various objects, which are affixed to that surface. Sometimes the paintings develop into free-standing 3D objects such as the famous 'Stuffed Goat' which has been shown in many exhibitions of contemporary American art. This piece is a monogram, featuring a stuffed Angora Goat, mounted on a platform of paint and collage.
15. Rauschenberg: Bed (1955) Bed was red paint dribbled over his own quilt, which he then stretched and exhibited. It was controversial as critics interpreted it as a symbol of rape or violence..
16. Rauschenberg: First landing jump (1961) First Landing Jump is one of the last combine paintings. The whole work resembles a studio mock-up of an aircraft's landing gear, with a light from the undercarriage focussing on the extended wheel which rests on the ground.
17. Rauschenberg's work: Silk screens Retroactive 1 (1964) Creek (1964) After the combines came his silk screen period, in which the image and its reproduction took an increasingly important place and co-existed with the painting.
20. Roy Lichtenstein, who's use of comic strips in art followed Rauschenberg's by 10 years, acknowledged the latter's influence on him, and on pop art in general. “The coke bottles he put into his art, the happenings and environments, all the things in which he was involved, brought up a raw, strictly American material .. merchandise as merchandise. Art became American rather than European. The Sixties, Seventies and Eighties were all influenced by that work”.