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This document discusses different states of matter and their properties. It defines solids, liquids, and gases based on their particle arrangement, attraction forces, and ability to change shape or volume. Key properties discussed include melting point, boiling point, freezing point, and density. Matter is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space. Mass is the amount of substance in an object, while volume refers to the space an object occupies. Density relates the distribution of mass within a given volume.
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Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass, and can exist in three states: solid, liquid, or gas. Properties such as color, shape, texture and smell are used to describe objects and identify their state, with properties changing depending on whether the matter is solid, liquid, or gas. Mass is also a key property and is measured using a balance to compare the amount of matter in different objects.
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This document discusses the properties of matter and density. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space. There are four phases or states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, liquids take the shape of their container, gases have no definite shape or volume, and plasma is made up of charged particles. Density is defined as the amount of matter per unit volume and can be used to identify substances. Density can be calculated by dividing an object's mass by its volume. An object's density determines whether it will float or sink in water.
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This document discusses the three states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases. It provides definitions and properties for each state. Solids have a definite shape and volume, with atoms tightly packed and little intermolecular space. Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container, with more intermolecular space than solids allowing them to flow. Gases have no definite shape or volume, with the maximum intermolecular space between atoms allowing them to flow freely in any direction. The document explains that solids cannot flow due to their tight packing, while liquids and gases can flow because of their greater intermolecular spaces between atoms. Water is provided as an example of a substance that can exist in
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Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. There are three main states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases. The state that matter exists in depends on how closely or loosely packed the particles are and the strength of attraction between the particles. Solids have a definite shape and volume, liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container, and gases have indefinite shapes and volumes. Matter can change between states, such as ice melting into water when heat is applied, changing the phase from solid to liquid.
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Teeth are used to break down food into pieces for swallowing. They come in different shapes for different functions - incisors cut, canines tear and hold, and molars grind and chew food. Humans have two sets of teeth - milk teeth that are replaced by 32 permanent adult teeth which will not regrow if lost. Teeth have layers including enamel, dentin, and a pulp chamber.
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This document discusses the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - using water as an example. It states that the solid state of water is ice, the liquid state is water, and the gas state is vapor. It also outlines the phase changes between the different states, such as melting and freezing between solid and liquid, and evaporation and condensation between liquid and gas.
Digestive system
The digestive system is a long tube running through the body that breaks down food into nutrients. Food enters the mouth where teeth grind it and saliva begins breaking it down before the tongue pushes it into the esophagus for swallowing. The stomach uses strong acids to further break down food while the liver and pancreas produce juices to digest it in the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed and undigested waste moves to the large intestine to leave the body through the anus.
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Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. It exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Solids have a definite shape and volume as their particles are tightly packed and vibrate in fixed positions. Liquids have an indefinite shape but definite volume as their particles are closely packed but can slide over one another. Gases have an indefinite shape and volume as their particles are very far apart and move freely. Physical properties can be observed without changing the chemical makeup and include color, texture, temperature, mass, volume, shape, size, weight, and ability to flow.
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The document discusses the different states of matter including solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensates. It describes the key properties of each state, such as solids having a fixed shape and volume while liquids can change shape but maintain a constant volume. Gases have no definite shape or volume and spread out indefinitely. Plasma is an ionized gas where electrons are freed from atoms. Bose-Einstein condensates occur at ultra-low temperatures where atoms collapse into the lowest quantum state.
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The document discusses the properties of matter. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space. The key properties of matter are identified as color, size, shape, temperature, hardness, texture, and whether it sinks or floats. The three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - are also introduced. Solids maintain a fixed shape and volume while liquids maintain a fixed volume but take the shape of their container. Gases freely flow and disperse to fill their container.
Matter in our Surroundings || Class 9 || NCERT
To download click the following link to my youtube page
https://youtu.be/eV_AFEhF8p4
Matter in our Surroundings || Class 9 || NCERT || Chemistry
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This document discusses the physical nature of matter and its properties. It covers the following key points:
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The document discusses key concepts about matter including:
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3) Physical properties can be observed without changing the composition of matter while chemical properties involve a chemical change.
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Matter exists in three forms - solids, liquids, and gases. Solids have a definite shape, liquids take the shape of their container, and gases fill their container. Properties of matter include color, size, shape, whether it is rigid or bendable, and texture. Matter takes up space and has mass in all three forms.
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Ch.10.acids and alkalis (3rd week)..
1) Acids and alkalis undergo a neutralization reaction where an acid reacts with an alkali to form a salt and water.
2) Common examples of neutralization include reactions between acids like hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid with alkalis like sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
3) Neutralization reactions have many applications including relieving insect stings, curing indigestion, baking cakes, putting out fires, and improving poor soil quality affected by acid rain.
Thermal energy
Thermal energy is the energy of moving particles that makes up heat. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects when they are at different temperatures. Temperature measures the amount of thermal energy in an object, with higher temperatures indicating more thermal energy. Thermometers measure temperature using liquids that expand when heated, allowing the user to read the temperature in degrees. Thermal conductors easily allow the transfer of heat, like metals, while insulators do not, like plastics and wood. Common materials are identified as conductors or insulators based on their ability to transfer thermal energy.
Ch.10.acids and alkalis (2).
Robert Boyle discovered that red cabbage juice and violets could be used as acid-base indicators. Red cabbage juice turns red in acids and green in alkalis, while violets turn purple in acids and greenish-yellow in alkalis. He also found that the juice from lichen (litmus) changed color between acids and alkalis and could be used on paper strips. This led to the development of the pH scale to quantify the strength of acids and alkalis from 0-14 based on their hydrogen ion concentration. Common pH indicators like methyl orange and phenolphthalein change color over different ranges on the pH scale to indicate whether a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral.
Ch.10. acids and alkalis (1).
This document discusses acids and alkalis. It notes that ancient Egyptians and Greeks observed that some substances taste sour while others feel slippery. Scientists later named sour substances "acids" and slippery substances "alkalis." Examples of acids found in nature include citric acid in oranges and lactic acid in muscles. Vinegar contains ethanoic acid. Acids can be classified as organic, produced by living things, or mineral. Common alkalis include sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and limewater. Concentrated solutions of acids and alkalis are corrosive, while dilute solutions are irritants. Alkalis are found in household cleaners and react with skin fat to produce soap-like substances.
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This document discusses neutralization reactions between acids and bases. It provides examples of common acids like hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acid reacting with bases like sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide to form salts and water. Additional examples are given for using neutralization reactions to cure bee stings, treat indigestion, make baking powder rise in cakes, improve acidic soil for crop growth, and reduce the effects of acid rain by neutralizing it. The document also covers how neutralization can be used to clean teeth and dissolve mineral scales from kettles.
Acids and alkalis 2
Litmus is used to detect acids and alkalis. It can be used as a solution or absorbed into paper strips. Litmus solution turns red in acid and blue in alkali, while litmus paper turns red in acid and blue in alkali. The pH scale measures acidity and alkalinity from 0 to 14, with 0 being the strongest acid and 14 the strongest alkali. pH levels between 0-2 are strong acids, 3-6 are weak acids, 7 is neutral, 8-11 are weak alkalis, and 12-14 are strong alkalis.
Acids and alkalis 1
This document discusses acids and alkalis found in daily life. It notes that while some acids are corrosive, others like citric acid are found in foods and give them their sour taste. Examples of acids in living things include citric acid in oranges and lemons, ascorbic acid in fruits, lactic acid in muscles, and uric acid in urine. Vinegar contains ethanoic acid, also known as acetic acid, which is produced when oxygen reacts with ethanol in wine over time. Acids can be classified as organic acids produced by living things or mineral acids not produced by living things. While concentrated acids and alkalis are corrosive, dilute solutions are safer to handle.
Magnet 1
Magnets are made of iron, nickel, cobalt, or steel. To preserve a bar magnet, you should store it with another magnet pointing in the opposite direction to maintain its magnetic field. When a magnet breaks, its magnetic field also breaks into smaller magnetic fields. An electromagnet generates a magnetic field through a coil of wire when electric current passes through; placing an iron core in the coil makes the magnetic field stronger. Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt are magnetic, while materials like aluminum, copper, glass, plastic, wood, and silver are non-magnetic.
Thermal energy ppt 1
Thermal energy is the energy of moving particles that causes heat. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects when they are at different temperatures. The document discusses conductors and insulators - materials that easily allow heat to pass through them are conductors like metals and materials that do not are insulators like rubber. It provides examples of common objects and whether they are thermal conductors or insulators.
Heat story
The saucepan was being stirred by a wooden spoon while heating gravy. The hood suggested using a metal spoon instead, but the wooden spoon argued it would not catch fire unless put in the gas flame. The saucepan, with a wooden handle, and kettle, with a plastic handle, agreed their materials keep the heat from reaching what they are holding. The window explained it does not let cold in but instead keeps the heat in the kitchen from escaping, which would result in it feeling cold without this function.
forces Presentation 2
Water exerts two main forces - upthrust force and water resistance. Upthrust force causes objects to float and is felt when holding down a floating object underwater. Water resistance is felt when walking or swimming through water, as water pushes back against movement. Air resistance also impacts moving objects, slowing them down depending on size, and can be useful for parachutes which use air resistance to slow falling.
forces Presentation 1
Forces cause objects to move, change direction, or stop moving. Unbalanced forces cause motion while balanced forces do not. Friction is a type of force that opposes motion between two surfaces and causes moving objects to slow down and stop. The more mass an object has, the greater its weight due to gravity.
Rock uses
This document discusses the uses of four different types of rocks: slate, granite, chalk, and marble. Slate is used for roofing tiles and billiard tables because it is hard, impermeable, and slips easily into thin sheets. Granite is used for steps, roads, buildings, and schools because it is hard and impermeable and doesn't wear away easily. Chalk is used for writing on blackboards because it is formed from sea creatures and wears away easily. Marble is used for floor and wall tiles and statues because it has attractive texture and color and can be cut and polished.
Types of soil
Soils are mixtures of bits of rocks, dead plants and animals, air and water that support plant growth. Different soil types like sand, silt and clay are distinguished by the size of their particles and how much air and water they hold. Sand drains easily while clay drains poorly, meaning different soil types support different plants.
Light energy
1. Light is a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum and can travel through a vacuum without a medium, unlike sound waves.
2. Light travels in transverse waves and when it hits objects can be absorbed, reflected, or pass through.
3. The major natural light source is the sun, while other sources can be natural or man-made. Objects like the moon and water reflect rather than generate light.
Types of soil
Soils are mixtures of bits of rocks, dead plants and animals, air and water that support plant growth. Different soil types contain particles of different sizes that impact drainage and which plants can grow best. Sand soil has large particles and drains easily while clay soil has tiny particles, few air gaps, and does not drain easily.
Minerals and rocks
The document discusses the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and hardens. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are changed by heat, pressure, and chemical reactions deep underground. The rock cycle shows how the three rock types are interrelated as one rock type transforms into another over time.
Ch.11.less.1.how are forces and motion related?
1) The document discusses different types of motion including up and down, straight line, round and round, zigzag, and back and forth motion. It also discusses distance, direction, forces, and types of forces including balanced and unbalanced forces.
2) Forces can make something move, change an object's direction or speed, or change an object's shape. Examples of forces include gravity, friction, and air resistance.
3) Balanced forces do not change an object's motion, while unbalanced forces can make an object start or stop moving or change directions.
Light gb
Light comes primarily from the sun. It can also come from other natural sources like the moon or man-made sources like lamps. The moon and mirrors do not produce their own light but reflect light from other sources.
Light travels in straight lines and can pass through transparent materials, pass through translucent materials partially, or be blocked by opaque materials. The way light interacts with objects determines whether they appear colored or form shadows. Reflection and refraction explain how light bends when moving between different materials like air and water.
Ch.12.less.2.what are the properties of sound [autosaved] [recovered]
The document discusses key properties of sound including that it is a type of energy that moves through matter as longitudinal waves of vibrations called sound waves. It moves through three parts of the ear - outer, middle, and inner - and can be reflected as echoes. The pitch and frequency of sounds are related, though pitch is how our ears perceive it, and volume refers to the density of compressions and rarefactions in the air. Materials like wall padding and foam can absorb sound waves to reduce echoes and noise.
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The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
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4 ppt states properties
- 2. Can I change the shape of the pen? Make it longer or shorter? This book is square. Can I change it and make it circle?
- 3. 1-Has a definite fixed shape 2-Has a definite Fived volume
- 4. 3-Particles are : tightly packed together ( very close to each other ) 4-Attraction force : between the particles is very strong
- 5. 1. Has indefinite shape (They take the shape of the container) 2. Has a definite fixed volume
- 6. 3-Particles are : moderately attached and close to each other 4-Attraction force : between the particles is weak
- 7. 1. Has indefinite shape (They take the shape of the container and fill it) 2.Has a indefinite volume
- 8. 3-Particles are : far from each other 4-Attraction force : between the particles is very weak
- 9. Melting Point • Temperature at which substance melts. [Melting point of pure water is 0oC]
- 10. Boiling Point • Temperature at which substance boils. [Boiling point of pure water is 100oC]
- 11. Freezing Point • Temperature at which substance freezes. [Freezing point of pure water is 0oC]
- 12. What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Explain takes up space
- 13. Matter • Is everything that has a mass and takes up space
- 14. What is mass? 1-How heavy object is. 2-It is the amount of substance(matter) in an object
- 15. Rubber Ball Light in mass since it has less particles Golf Ball Heavy in mass since it has more particles
- 16. How do we measure mass?
- 17. How do we measure mass? balance The unit is grams or kilograms
- 18. What is Volume [Space]? It is the amount of space matter takes up. Ruby stone Balloon • The Balloon takes more volume (space) than the stone. • The stone has more mass than the balloon.
- 19. How do we measure Volumes? Volumes of liquids can be measured using the measuring cylinder
- 20. What is the density (Crowd )? Density is the distribution of the mass (matter particles) in its the Volume (space).
- 21. Which is more dense?