The document discusses the four states of matter - solid, liquid, gas, and plasma - and phase changes between states. It describes the particle behavior and properties of each state. Solids have a definite shape and volume, with particles tightly packed in a regular pattern that vibrate in place. Liquids have a definite volume that takes the shape of their container, with particles close together that can slide past one another. Gases have no definite shape or volume, with particles well separated and moving freely at high speeds. Plasma is similar to gas but with electrically charged particles. Phase changes are physical changes between these states that involve the absorption or release of heat energy as particles speed up and move farther apart or slow down and move

1. PHASE CHANGES

2. KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER
Matter is made up of particles
which are in continual random
motion.

3. WHAT ARE THE 4 STATES OF
MATTER?
Solid
Plasma
Gas
Liquid

4. SOLIDS:
• Solids have a definite shape and
volume
• usually organized, crystalline
solid
• Softer solids will have no
pattern, amorphous solid.
• packed tightly together
• Vibrate in place

5. PARTICLES IN LIQUIDS:
• Liquids have a definite
volume
• Liquids take the shape of their
container.
• Liquids are a fluid
• Far enough apart to slide over
one another
• Energy level is greater than in
solids

6. PARTICLES IN
GASES:• No definite volume or shape.
• Gasses spread out to fill the
entire space given.
• Can be squeezed together
• Particles are very far apart
and move freely
• Collide frequently
• Have LOTS of energy

7. PARTICLES IN
PLASMA:
• Plasma is a lot like a gas,
but the particles are
electrically charged.
• Have indefinite shape and
volume.
• EXTREMELY energetic
• Lightning is a plasma.
• Used in fluorescent light
bulbs and Neon lights.

8. STATES OF
MATTER
SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA
Tightly packed, in
a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not
move from place
to place
Close together
with no regular
arrangement.
Vibrate, move
about, and slide
past each other
Well separated
with no regular
arrangement.
Vibrate and move
freely at high
speeds
Has no definite volume
or shape and is
composed of electrical
charged particles

9. WHAT IS A PHASE CHANGE?
• A change from one state of matter
to another
• Phase changes are physical
changes because they do not
affect the chemical make up of a
substance.

10. WHAT HAPPENS DURING
A PHASE CHANGE?
• During a phase change heat
energy is either absorbed or
released
• Heat energy is released as
molecules slow down and
move closer together-
exothermic
• Heat energy is absorbed as
molecules speed up and
expand-endothermic

11. MELTING
• Phase change from a solid
to a liquid
• Molecules speed up, move
farther apart, and absorb
heat energy

12. FREEZING
• Phase Change from a
liquid to a solid
• Molecule slow down, move
closer together and release
heat energy.

13. VAPORIZATION (BOILING)
• Phase change from a liquid
to gas. It occurs at the
boiling point of matter.
• Molecules speed up, move
farther apart, and absorb
heat energy.

14. EVAPORATION
• Phase change from a liquid
to a gas on the surface of a
liquid (type of
vaporization).
• Molecules speed up, move
farther apart, and absorb
heat energy.

15. CONDENSATION
• Phase change from a gas
to a liquid.
• Molecule slow down, move
closer together and release
heat energy.

16. SUBLIMATION
• Phase change from a solid
to a gas.
• Molecules speed up, move
farther apart, and absorb
heat energy.

17. DEPOSITION
• Phase change from a gas
to a solid.
• Molecules slow down,
move closer together and
release heat energy.

19. PHASE CHANGE OF WATER
1. Why is there no
change in temperature
during a phase
change?
2. Define melting and
boiling point.
3. What is the melting
and boiling point of
water?
4. At what temperature
does water freeze and
become a solid?