The document discusses key concepts about matter including: 1) Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It is composed of elements which are made up of atoms. 2) The three states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases which have different properties related to their shape and volume. 3) Physical properties can be observed without changing the composition of matter while chemical properties involve a chemical change. 4) Physical changes alter the shape, size or state of matter without forming new substances whereas chemical changes produce new substances.

1. MATTER
S5P1. Students will verify that an object is the sum of its parts.
a. Demonstrate that the mass of an object is equal to the sum of its parts by manipulating and
measuring different objects made of various parts.
b. Investigate how common items have parts that are too small to be seen without magnification.
S5P2. Students will explain the difference between a physical change and a chemical
change.
a. Investigate physical changes by separating mixtures and manipulating (cutting, tearing, folding)
paper to demonstrate examples of physical change.
b. Recognize that the changes in state of water (water vapor/steam, liquid, ice) are due to
temperature differences and are examples of physical change.
c. Investigate the properties of a substance before, during, and after a chemical reaction to find
evidence of change.

2. What is matter?
Mass
Matter is anything that has _________
and takes up ______________.
Space

3. Examples of matter:
*Have kids come up and write examples.

4. Properties of Matter:
• Size
• Texture
• Shape
• Odor
• Density
• Mass
• Boiling & Freezing Point
• Properties of Matter

5. What is matter made of?
Elements- building blocks of matter.

6. Atoms
 Atoms are the smallest unit of an element
that still has all of the same properties as that
element.

7. Molecules
 Molecules are atoms that have combined
together.
Here is an image of a water molecule, made of
2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.

8. STATES OF MATTER
 Solids
 Liquids
 Gases
 States of Matter Game
 States of Matter Explanation

9. Solids
 Definite shape
Test It: Move a solid object from container to container. Does
it take the shape of its container or does it keep its original
shape?
 Definite volume
Try to squeeze a solid object and compress it so that it takes up
less space. If it is truly a solid object that does not have air
pockets in it, you cannot change the volume.

10. Liquids
 No definite shape
Test it: Transfer liquid to different containers. Does it take the shape
of its container or does it keep its original shape?
 Definite volume
Test It: Fill a plastic disposable water bottle up all the way to
the very top, leaving no air bubble.
Replace the cap securely and squeeze.
You cannot deform the bottle because liquids have a definite
volume. You cannot force them to take up less space. Any
compression you may feel will be from the air bubbles trapped
in the water.

11. Gases
 No definite shape
 No definite volume. The volume of a gas can
be easily changed with heat and/or pressure.

12. Let’s Draw Some Pictures!
Draw a picture of each state of matter.
States of Matter
Draw a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting solids, liquids, and gasses

13. How Do We Measure Matter?
The Metric System – system of
measurement based on the number 10
Length - meter
Volume – liter
Mass - gram
Brainpop – Measuring Matter

14. What is mass?
 Mass is how much “stuff” is in an object.
 We can measure mass using a balance.
 Measured in grams

15. Are mass and weight the same thing?
 No. Weight is a measure of how much Earth’s
gravitational force is pulling down on an object.
 Your weight would be different if you were on the
moon. Your mass would be the same on Earth and
the moon.
Find out your weight on other planets.

16. Mass
When you take the mass of something, you are
balancing the object with a set of standard masses.
The mass of the standards are always the same no
matter where you are. The mass is based on how
many atoms are in the object.
Mass and weight animation.
Requires shockwave and a free 30-day trial
Make sure you change locations on the animation.

17. Matter takes up space.
When we describe how much
space an object takes up, we are
talking about the object’s
Volume.

18. How to measure volume:
In math, you have learned some
formulas that help you to calculate how
much space an object takes up. What
are some of the formulas you can
remember for volume?

19. Its easy to calculate the volume of
some objects…..
rectangular solid = a x b x c or l x w x h
pyramid = (1/3) b h
sphere = (4/3) pi r 3

20. There is no easy formula for others…
How could you figure out how
much space these items take up?

21. One way, is by something called water
displacement.
When you submerge an object in water, the
water level rises. The amount of water that is
displaced is equal to the volume of the
object.
water displacement animation
The solution is for density calculations and can be ignored.
We only want to look at the animation.

22. How could we calculate the volume of
liquids?
Since liquids take the shape of their
container, we can just pour them into a
measuring tool.

23. Part II. Every object in the world
is made of smaller parts.

24. Let’s take a look at the periodic table:
interactive periodic tables
free downloadable periodic tables

25. Everything is made of smaller parts.
Imagine a cake. The cake is made of
different ingredients. Similarly, everything in
our world is made of different elements.
Elements are the ingredients of our world.
There are about 100 known elements.

26. Elements
 If we are going to think of elements as our
cake ingredients, we know we can break
each of those ingredients down into smaller
pieces.
 For example: Sugar is a cake ingredient just
as hydrogen is an ingredient (element) in
water.

27. Atoms
 A cup of sugar can be broken down into
individual grains of sugar, just as hydrogen
can be broken down into ATOMS of
hydrogen.
 Ingredients = elements
 Grains of ingredients = atoms of elements

28. Interesting facts:
 Most elements are metals.
 Only one is a liquid at room temperature and that’s
mercury (Hg).
 Pencil “lead” is not really lead anymore but
graphite, which is carbon. Diamonds are carbon too.
All the atoms are the same in graphite and
diamonds, they are just arranged differently.

29. Part III. Physical and Chemical
Properties

30. Physical Properties
Physical properties are properties that
we can observe using our senses
without changing the matter.

31. Let’s List Some Physical Properties:

32. Density is a physical property.
 Density describes how much stuff is packed
into a certain volume.
 You can calculate density by dividing mass
by volume.
 Density = mass volume

33. Which is more dense?
10 g More dense
100 g
Less dense
feathers rocks
If you have two boxes that are same volume (they
take up the same amount of space) but one has
more mass, the more massive object is more
dense.

34. Which is more dense?
More dense.
100 grams 100 grams

35. Density determines if an object will
sink or float in water.
 If an object has a density greater than the
density of water, the object will sink.
 If the object has a density less than that of
water, it will float.

36. Try it out…
 Get a container and fill it with water.
 Gather lots of different objects and predict if
they will sink or float when placed in the water.
 Test your hypothesis.
Density animation.

37. Boiling and Melting Points
 Boiling and melting points are physical
properties of matter.
 Different materials have different melting and
boiling points.

38. Melting and Boiling Points
Melting Point Boiling Point
Water
32 °F 212 °F
Iron
2795.0 °F 4982.0 °F
Helium
-457.6 °F -451.48°F
Nitrogen
-345.82 °F -320.44°F

39. Changing the volume of gases with pressure
 Take an empty plastic disposable water bottle.
 Fasten the cap securely.
 Add pressure to the bottle by squeezing as hard as
you can.
 When the bottle deforms, the gas inside has been
forced to take up less space. The air’s volume has
been changed. It now has less volume.

40. Changing the volume of a gas with heat.
 As air is heated, it expands.
 As air is cooled, it contracts.
Liquid Nitrogen and Balloon video.: This video shows that when exposed to
liquid nitrogen (a super-cold liquid) the volume of the air gets smaller. Note:
The same number of air molecules are in the balloon. They are just taking
up less space.
(Demonstrate change in volume by doing Balloon Bath Activity in
your textbook on pg 185.)

41. Can Crusher Demo
Can crushing video.
Can crushing demo instructions.
What happened to the can?
As the air inside the can heated up, the molecules
began to move faster and faster and they expanded.
When the can was submerged in cold water, the air
contracted causing the air pressure inside the can to
be lower than the air pressure in the room. The air
pressure difference is what caused the can to be
crushed.

42. Chemical Properties
 A chemical property is a property of matter
that can only be observed when matter is
changed into a new kind of matter.
 Ex. Flammability You can’t determine if an
object is flammable unless you try to burn it.

43. Chemical properties.
 Whether or not a material has the ability to rust is a
chemical property.
 Could you observe if a material has that property
without changing the material chemically?
 No. The only way to know if an object can rust is to
allow it to rust and then you have chemically altered
the material.

44. Part IV.
Physical and Chemical Changes

45. What is a physical change?
 A change in the size, shape, or state of
matter. A new type of matter is NOT being
formed. Examples include phase changes,
cutting, tearing, crushing, dissolving, etc.

46. Phase Changes
 Solid Liquid Melting
 Liquid Solid Solidifying or Freezing
 Solid Gas Sublimating
 Liquid Gas Evaporating or Vaporizing
 Gas Liquid Condensing

47. What is the difference between
vaporizing and evaporating?
 Vaporization occurs at the substance’s boiling point.
When water boils and changes into a gas, it is
vaporizing.
 Evaporation can occur below the substance’s boiling
point. If you let a cup of water sit out for many
days, some of the water will change to a gas even
though the temperature is below the boiling point.
This is evaporation.

48. What is required to change states of
matter?
Energy in the form of HEAT. Heat is
either absorbed or released when
substances change from one state of
matter to another.

49. Put some hand sanitizer on your hand.
 Does it feel cold? Why?
 The sanitizer is changing from a liquid to a gas. It is
evaporating.
 The phase change requires energy. Where does it
get the energy?
 Your hand. Heat is removed from your body in order
to change the substance from a liquid to a gas.

50. Why do we sweat?
 When we sweat, moisture is released onto
our skin.
 As the moisture evaporates, it requires heat
energy that it gets from our skin.
 As heat is removed from our body, we
become cooler.

51. Phase changes are physical changes.
Now let’s talk about chemical changes.
 What is a chemical change?
 A change in which a new kind of matter is
being made. Energy is always involved.
 Atoms and molecules make new
combinations with other atoms and
molecules.

52. Signs of a Chemical Change
 Change in temperature
 Gas is produced
 Light is produced
 Color change
 A precipitate forms

53. Sometimes chemical reactions
produce heat.
Sometimes when a substance
undergoes a chemical reaction, heat is
produced. Hand-warmer packs use
chemical reactions to produce heat.

54. Some chemical reactions remove
heat from the environment.
Cold packs, used for injuries, use
chemical reactions to remove heat from
the environment and make substances
feel very cold.

55. Gas Production
 Some chemical reactions produce gas.
 Alka-Seltzer tablets and water are an
example of a chemical reaction in which gas
is produced.

56. Try it…..
 Take an empty water bottle and filling it ¼ of
the way up with water.
 Add an Alka-Seltzer tablet and immediately
cover the top with a balloon to trap the gas
that is being produced.

57. Light as evidence of a chemical reaction:
 Glow sticks use chemical reactions to
produce light.
 When you crack the glow stick you are
breaking a vial that allows two chemicals to
react together to produce light.

58. Color Change
 Sometimes when two substances interact
chemically, their color changes.
 Purple cabbage indicator video.

59. Some chemical reactions cause a
precipitate to form.
 What is a precipitate?
 A precipitate is when a solid forms in a
solution as a result of a chemical reaction.
Precipitation reaction video.

60. Let’s Review
 Matter is anything that has mass and takes
up space.
 Volume describes how much space an object
takes up.
 Density is a ratio of mass to volume.

61. Physical and Chemical PROPERTIES
 Physical properties can be observed using
your senses and the matter is not changed
by observing it.
 Chemical properties cannot be observed
without changing the matter chemically and
producing a new substance with different
properties.

62. Physical Properties
 Color
 Size
 Shape
 Texture
 Luster
 Density
 Mass
 Boiling and melting points
 Etc

63. Chemical Properties
 Ability to burn
 Ability to rust
 Ability to tarnish
 Ability to react with water
 Etc

64. Physical & Chemical CHANGES
 Physical changes are changes in matter that
do not produce a new kind of matter.
 Chemical changes are changes that do
produce a new kind of matter with different
properties.