This document provides an overview of 3D printing technology. It discusses the history of 3D printing, how the process works, different 3D printing methods like stereolithography (SLA), and potential applications. SLA is described as a top-down process that works by curing liquid resin into solid shapes with ultraviolet light. It can produce parts with high accuracy and from composite materials but resin is expensive and machines can cost over $500,000. The document also outlines limitations and provides references for further information.

1. Power pointed
by:
Ardalan Amiri
Presenting by:
Ardalan Amiri
Hesam Omidi
and
Mohammad
Darini

2. History
Manufacturers
have quietly used
3D printing
technology — also
known as additive
manufacturing — to
build models and
prototypes of
products over the
past 20 years. Charles Hull invented the first
commercial 3D printer

3. How it works
CAD
3D
Scanner
Computer
“STL” format file
3D
printer

4. Practicality
 Several different 3D printing processes
have been invented since the late 1970s
 Almost all of them are efficient only for
small quantities and relatively small
dimensions
 They can take several hours to several
mounts to build a model
 Some of them can use multiple
materials and colors simultaneously
and/or sequentially

5. 3D printer markets
Many companies offer 3D printing services or sell
relatively cheap 3D printers that can cost just
hundreds rather than thousands of dollars
nowadays.

6. An example of non-industrial use
 3D-Printed Reefs
Could Rehabilitate
Persian Gulf
Ecosystem

7. Voxel (Volume + Pixel)
The particles are
around 50 to 100
μm (510 to 250 DPI
(dots per inch)) in
diameter

8. Additive processes types
Extrusion
FDM*
Thermo
Plastics
Silicon
Rubber
Wire
EBF3*
Any
Metal
Alloys
Granular
DMLS*
EBM*
SLM*
SHS*
SLS*
Laminated
Any Metal Alloys
Ceramics
Aluminum, Stainless Steel
Titanium Alloys
Thermo plastics
LOM*
Paper,
Metal
foil,
plastic
film
Light Polymerized
SLA*
DLP*
Photopolymer
High
Tech
Military
use
Oldest
1986
Fastest

9. Granular DMLS Method
 Precise and flexible
 Still under huge study and development
 Invested and used by universities
 Using almost any available 3D printing
material
 Using Particle locating system
 Covers many sub-branches of 3D
printing

10. Mechanical Friendly
 The most efficient 3D printing method
for Mechanical Engineers.
 Directly build metal parts (expensive)
 Great choice to build moulds for further
manufactures

11. Mechanism
Fused
metal

12. Limits
 Imperfections in plastic materials
 Lack of accuracy in Z direction
 Needs powerful computer processors
 In demand for finishing process
 There are few numbers of famous
companies ( patent for Germany and
USA )

13. Stereo lithography (SLA)
• excellent for
composite materials
• fast and accurate
• Top-down process
• The resin used in
SLA is particularly
sensitive to
ultraviolet light, so it
hardens once the
UV laser hits it.
• Novel mechanism

14. What happens next
 Once the process
is finished, the
newly created
object is soaked
in a solvent that
helps cure the
resin, the
supporting
structure is
removed, and
whatever excess
resin is scraped
off. Some
machines require
the “printed” item
to be baked in an
ultraviolet oven to
guarantee its
solid state

15. Stereo-Lithography samples

16. can produce parts with a maximum
size of approximately 50×50×60 cm
(20"×20"×24")

17. Other side of facts
 The resin alone stands at around $100
to $200 per liter
 the cost of stereolithography machines
ranges from $100,000 to more than
$500,000
 The less resin the poorer Voxel
 The commercial types suffer from lack of
reliability

18. References
 [1] H.Lispon and F. C.Moon and J.Hai and C.Pavent i , “ 3-D Pr int ing the
History of Mechanisms ” . Journal of Mechanical Design , Vol . 127, pp. 2-3, 2005.
 [2] E.Maravelakis and K. David and A. Antoniadis and A.Manios and N. Bi lal is
and Y.Papahar i laou, "Reverse engineer ing techniques for cranioplasty: a case
study " , Journal of Medical Engineer ing & Technology, No. 1, pp.2 - 7, 2007.
 [3] “Technology Quat rer ly, ” Proc. Int . Conf . The Econome. China, 2009,
pp. 3-5.
 [4] 3D Pr inter " , Nov 2011, Avai lable At : Ht tp: / /www.wikipidia.org/3dprnters.html
 [5] Z Corporat ion 3D Pr int ing Technology Fast , Af fordable and Uniquely
Versat i le" , Dec 2011, Avai lable At :Ht tp: / /www.zcorp.com/documents/1083D
Pr int ing Whi te Paper FINAL.pdf
 [6] Open 3D Pr int ing and Open Hardware" , J.crack , Dec 2011, Avai lable At :
Ht tp: / /www. jmccrack.com/ Open 3D Pr int ing and Open Hardware.pdf
 [7] " Objet260 Connex " , Nov 2011, Avai lable At :
Ht tp: / /www.Objet .com/Objet260 Connex open wi th Model .pdf