The 3D printing process builds a three-dimensional object from a computer-aided design model, usually by successively adding material layer by layer, which is why it is also called additive manufacturing,
in this presentation i have discussed about 4D Printing technology. you can watch out it in video form on my You Tube channel https://youtu.be/ZDaurFz2byc
The presentation contains all the data about 3D printing. How it is done, what are the various ways of 3D printing process along with its Advantage & Disadvantage, type of raw material used, etc....
Course Objectives:
Students undergoing this course would
Understand different methods of 3D Printing.
Gain knowledge about simulation of FDM process
Estimate time and material required for manufacturing a 3D component
Course Outcomes:
Upon the successful completion of course, students will be able to
Explain different types of 3d Printing techniques
Identify parameters for powder binding and jetting process
Determine effective use of ABS material for 3D Printing
Apply principles of mathematics to evaluate the volume of material require.
Module 1:
Introduction to Prototyping, Working of 3D Printer, Types of 3D printing Machines:
Exp 1: Modelling of Engineering component and conversion of STL format.
Exp 2: Slicing of STL file and study of effect of process parameter like layer thickness,
Orientation and infill on build time using software.
Exercise 1 : Component-1
Exercise 2 : Component-2
Module 2:
Exp 1 : 3D Printing of modeled component by varying layer thickness.
Exp 2 : 3D Printing of modeled component by varying orientation.
Exp 3: 3D Printing of modeled component by varying infill.
Module 3:
Study on effect of different materials like ABS, PLA, Resin etc, and dimensional accuracy.
Module 4:
Identifying the defects in 3D Printed components.
Module 5
Exp1: Modelling of component using 3D Scanner of real life object of unknown dimension
in reverse engineering.
Exp 2: 3D Printing of above modeled component.
in this presentation i have discussed about 4D Printing technology. you can watch out it in video form on my You Tube channel https://youtu.be/ZDaurFz2byc
The presentation contains all the data about 3D printing. How it is done, what are the various ways of 3D printing process along with its Advantage & Disadvantage, type of raw material used, etc....
Course Objectives:
Students undergoing this course would
Understand different methods of 3D Printing.
Gain knowledge about simulation of FDM process
Estimate time and material required for manufacturing a 3D component
Course Outcomes:
Upon the successful completion of course, students will be able to
Explain different types of 3d Printing techniques
Identify parameters for powder binding and jetting process
Determine effective use of ABS material for 3D Printing
Apply principles of mathematics to evaluate the volume of material require.
Module 1:
Introduction to Prototyping, Working of 3D Printer, Types of 3D printing Machines:
Exp 1: Modelling of Engineering component and conversion of STL format.
Exp 2: Slicing of STL file and study of effect of process parameter like layer thickness,
Orientation and infill on build time using software.
Exercise 1 : Component-1
Exercise 2 : Component-2
Module 2:
Exp 1 : 3D Printing of modeled component by varying layer thickness.
Exp 2 : 3D Printing of modeled component by varying orientation.
Exp 3: 3D Printing of modeled component by varying infill.
Module 3:
Study on effect of different materials like ABS, PLA, Resin etc, and dimensional accuracy.
Module 4:
Identifying the defects in 3D Printed components.
Module 5
Exp1: Modelling of component using 3D Scanner of real life object of unknown dimension
in reverse engineering.
Exp 2: 3D Printing of above modeled component.
Additive manufacturing (AM) is the industrial production name for 3D printing, a computer controlled process that creates three dimensional objects by depositing materials, usually in layers,is a transformative approach to industrial production that enables the creation of lighter, stronger parts and systems. ... As its name implies, additive manufacturing adds material to create an object.
Stereolithography (SLA) is the oldest 3D Printing technology used to manufactureaesthetically beautiful and proof of concept prototypes with smooth surface finish. We use photopolymer resins to manufacture the parts in SLA technology. The parts find applications in Automotive interiors, Industrial goods, Medical Devices industries etc.
Additive Manufacturing (2.008x Lecture Slides)A. John Hart
Slides accompanying 2.008x* video module on Additive Manufacturing, Prof. John Hart, MIT, 2016.
*Fundamentals of Manufacturing Processes on edX: https://www.edx.org/course/fundamentals-manufacturing-processes-mitx-2-008x
The use of 3D printing is gradually increasing and the technologies developed in the 3D printing also increases. This presentation is about the various technologies present the market.
Report on 3D printing , types, application, challengesRajat srivastav
discuss about Rapid Prototyping, history, types of 3d printing technologies, traditional vs additive manufacturing, application of 3d printing. challenges in 3d printing, steps involves in 3d printing. advantages of 3d printing
this short ppt gives you a rough idea about the additive manufacturing process of stereolithography. This process is apart of 3d printing technologies around us. Also included is link to a video that will help you further.
Description of 3D printing methedology,
Machines available for 3D printing,
Products manufactured by 3D printing,
Materials used for 3D printing,
Comparison of different types of 3D printing methodology,
Future scope of 3D printing technology.
Abstract
Introduction To 3D Printing
History
Types of 3D Scanner
Components Of 3D Printer
Material used for 3D Printing
Working
Software Required For 3D Printing
Advantages Of 3D Printing
Limitations Of 3D Printing
Applications
Future Scope
Conclusion
References
Additive manufacturing 3D Printing technologySTAY CURIOUS
Additive manufacturing 3D Printing
3D printing is the process of building an object one thin layer at a time. It is fundamentally additive rather than subtractive in nature. To many, 3D printing is the singular production of often-ornate objects on a desktop printer.
Additive manufacturing (AM) is the industrial production name for 3D printing, a computer controlled process that creates three dimensional objects by depositing materials, usually in layers,is a transformative approach to industrial production that enables the creation of lighter, stronger parts and systems. ... As its name implies, additive manufacturing adds material to create an object.
Stereolithography (SLA) is the oldest 3D Printing technology used to manufactureaesthetically beautiful and proof of concept prototypes with smooth surface finish. We use photopolymer resins to manufacture the parts in SLA technology. The parts find applications in Automotive interiors, Industrial goods, Medical Devices industries etc.
Additive Manufacturing (2.008x Lecture Slides)A. John Hart
Slides accompanying 2.008x* video module on Additive Manufacturing, Prof. John Hart, MIT, 2016.
*Fundamentals of Manufacturing Processes on edX: https://www.edx.org/course/fundamentals-manufacturing-processes-mitx-2-008x
The use of 3D printing is gradually increasing and the technologies developed in the 3D printing also increases. This presentation is about the various technologies present the market.
Report on 3D printing , types, application, challengesRajat srivastav
discuss about Rapid Prototyping, history, types of 3d printing technologies, traditional vs additive manufacturing, application of 3d printing. challenges in 3d printing, steps involves in 3d printing. advantages of 3d printing
this short ppt gives you a rough idea about the additive manufacturing process of stereolithography. This process is apart of 3d printing technologies around us. Also included is link to a video that will help you further.
Description of 3D printing methedology,
Machines available for 3D printing,
Products manufactured by 3D printing,
Materials used for 3D printing,
Comparison of different types of 3D printing methodology,
Future scope of 3D printing technology.
Abstract
Introduction To 3D Printing
History
Types of 3D Scanner
Components Of 3D Printer
Material used for 3D Printing
Working
Software Required For 3D Printing
Advantages Of 3D Printing
Limitations Of 3D Printing
Applications
Future Scope
Conclusion
References
Additive manufacturing 3D Printing technologySTAY CURIOUS
Additive manufacturing 3D Printing
3D printing is the process of building an object one thin layer at a time. It is fundamentally additive rather than subtractive in nature. To many, 3D printing is the singular production of often-ornate objects on a desktop printer.
It is a group of technologies that build 3D objects by adding layer-upon-layer of materials where the material may be plastic, metal, concrete even in future it may be human tissues also.
By group of technologies we mean 3D Printing, Rapid Prototyping (RP), Direct Digital Manufacturing (DDM), layered manufacturing and additive fabrication here.
3D Printing Technology PPT by ajaysingh_02AjaySingh1901
This PPT make on 3D printing Technology or additive manufacturing in which we cover the need, history importants, future scope, trend before the 3DP, advantage and disadvantage, limitations, application of 3DP
3D Printing (Additive Manufacturing) PPT & PDFmangadynasty5
Definition:
3D Printing, also known as Additive Manufacturing (AM), is a revolutionary manufacturing process that constructs three-dimensional objects layer by layer from a digital model. Unlike traditional subtractive manufacturing methods that involve cutting or shaping material to create an object, 3D printing adds material gradually, allowing for highly complex and customized designs.
What is 3D printing , How Does 3D Printing Work , Types of 3d printing , The History of 3D Printing , 3D Printing Technologies , Common manufactures of 3D printing , 3D Printing Materials , 3D Printing Common applications , Things can't be 3D Printed , By Eng. Osama Ghandour
#WhatIs3DPrinting , #HowDoes3DPrintingWork , #TypesOf3dPrinting , #TheHistoryOf3DPrinting , #3DPrintingTechnologies , #CommonManufacturesOf3DPrinting , #3DPrintingMaterials , #3DPrintingCommonApplications , #ThingsCan'tBe3DPrinted , #ByEng.OsamaGhandour ,
Fast and seamless 3D printing begins with solid 3D designs. And this is where SOLIDWORKS comes in, as it encompasses a complete suite of design solutions that make it quick and easy to prepare designs for print.
Engineering Technique is an India’s leading 3D Engineering Company provides SOLIDWORKS 3D CAD Solutions to 3D Printing Services at affordable prices. Contact NOW for more information. www.enggtechnique.com
3D printing, also known as additive printing technology, allows manufacturers to develop objects using a digital file and variety of printing materials.
Study on the Fused Deposition Modelling In Additive ManufacturingIJERD Editor
Additive manufacturing process, also popularly known as 3-D printing, is a process where a product
is created in a succession of layers. It is based on a novel materials incremental manufacturing philosophy.
Unlike conventional manufacturing processes where material is removed from a given work price to derive the
final shape of a product, 3-D printing develops the product from scratch thus obviating the necessity to cut away
materials. This prevents wastage of raw materials. Commonly used raw materials for the process are ABS
plastic, PLA and nylon. Recently the use of gold, bronze and wood has also been implemented. The complexity
factor of this process is 0% as in any object of any shape and size can be manufactured.
Through the development of 3D printing Services, we have only seen an increment in the number of companies that have adopted this technology. The applications and use cases fluctuate across industries, yet comprehensively incorporate tooling aids, visual and functional prototypes — and even end parts.
www.makenica.com
There has been an extensive use of Helicopters in the Indian military which has brought commendable success in the field of defence. The Helicopter Ejection System that this proposal is going to describe, will help pilots when they are stuck in a falling bird.
The whole world is suffering from energy crisis and the pollution is
manifesting itself in the spiralling cost of energy. The economic, both micro and macro, growth of any nation depends on
the power sector, because if that fails, slowly from minor to perhaps
complete breakdown of the system can occur. Energy is created by the following plants: 1. Thermal 2. Nuclear 3. Hydel 4. Hydraulic 5. Gas 6. GeoThermal
Alongwith cheap energy, control of the waste generation and pollution
needs to be done, which is a bigger devil on the long run. A pioneer in such an enterprise is Mejia Thermal Power Station, Durlabhpur, Bankura. We undertook Vocational Training in this
institution, and learned about the process of power generation and it’s
by-products. The Power station has a total of 8 units, final two units inducted in
2012 and 2013, and thus being extremely advanced, with newest
thermodynamic designs, and fast, digital and reliable controls. It
employs Tilting Corner Fired Combustion Burner, and KWU West
Germany Design Reaction Turbine, both manufactured by BHEL, India. MTPS units have many special features including Turbo mill, DIPC
(Direct Ignition of Pulverised Coal) system, HPLP bypass system, Automatic Turbine run up system , and Furnace Safeguard Supervisory
System.
Automatic tank level control using arduino mega convertedKunal Adhikari
Water is the most important Nature’s gift to mankind. Without water there is no life, especially now that fresh water is endangered. So, water management should reduce its wastage. As a first step, this controller will automatically switch ON and OFF the domestic water pump system depending on the water tank and underground sump levels (to prevent dry run of pump). In this paperwork an effort is made to design a cost-effective circuit and complete system using Arduino and Ultrasonic transducers, to be used in water level indication. It will control the storage level of water in a tank through SPST relay to provide water thoroughly, without any wastage of water or power.
A major revolution in the field of instrumentation and control technology is well underway. Research, development and deployment activities are focused on making quantum leaps in industrial automation performance. Called Industry 4.0, this includes a new generation of low-cost wireless sensors, improved real-time data analytics and control systems, and advancements in high-fidelity process modeling. These innovations will include systems that improve industrial manufacturing efficiencies, and integrate and network subsystems across manufacturing processes.
The internet of things (IoT) is the internetworking of physical devices, vehicles, buildings and other items—embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
2. Content
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE
WORKING PRINCIPLE
WORK METHOD
MATERIALS
PROCESS
TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
USE OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
LARGE APPLICATION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
3. Introduction
WHAT IS IT:
Additive Manufacturing by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials ):
“Process of joining materials to make objects from 3D model data,
usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing
methodologies, such as traditional machining”
NAMING:
Rapid Prototyping: This term was used in the beginning of the
professional use of the technology because the main application was
the manufacturing of prototypes, mock ups and sample parts.
Todays most common terminologies are:
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (AM) or 3D PRINTING
4. History of Additive Manufacturing:
The earliest Additive Manufacturing technologies first became visible
in the late 1980’s, at which time they were called Rapid Prototyping
(RP) technologies. This is because the processes were originally
conceived as a fast and more cost-effective method for creating
prototypes for product development within industry.
1983 Charles Hull invents Stereolithography (SLA) Charles
‘Chuck’ Hull was the first to develop a technology for creating
solid objects from a CAD/CAM file, inventing the process he
termed ‘stereolithography’ in 1983. SLA works by curing and
solidifying successive layers of liquid photopolymer resin using
an ultraviolet laser. The field that came to be known variously as
'additive manufacturing', 'rapid prototyping' and '3D printing'
was born.
5. Advantages
Design complexity and freedom:
The advent of 3D printing has seen a proliferation of products (designed in digital environments), which involve levels of
complexity that simply could not be produced physically in any other way. While this advantage has been taken up by designers
and artists to impressive visual effect, it has also made a significant impact on industrial applications, whereby applications are
being developed to materialize complex components that are proving to be both lighter and stronger than their predecessors
Speed:
You can create complex parts within hours , with limited human resources. Only machine operator is needed for loading the data
and the powder material, start the process and finally for the finishing. During the manufacturing process no operator is needed
Customisation
3D printing processes allow for mass customisation — the ability to personalize products according to individual needs and
requirements. Even within the same build chamber, the nature of 3D printing means that numerous products can be manufactured
at the same time according to the end-users requirements at no additional process cost.
Tool-less
For industrial manufacturing, one of the most cost-, time- and labour-intensive stages of the product development process is the
production of the tools. For low to medium volume applications, industrial 3D printing — or additive manufacturing — can
eliminate the need for tool production and, therefore, the costs, lead times and labour associated with it. This is an extremely
attractive proposition, that an increasing number or manufacturers are taking advantage of. Furthermore, because of the
complexity advantages stated above, products and components can be designed specifically to avoid assembly requirements with
intricate geometry and complex features further eliminating the labour and costs associated with assembly processes.
6. Advantages
Extreme Lightweight design
AM enable weight reduction via topological optimization
Sustainable / Environmentally Friendly
3D printing is also emerging as an energy-efficient technology that can provide environmental efficiencies
in terms of both the manufacturing process itself, utilising up to 90% of standard materials, and, therefore,
creating less waste, but also throughout an additively manufactured product’s operating life, by way of
lighter and stronger design that imposes a reduced carbon footprint compared with traditionally
manufactured products.
No storage cost
Since 3D printers can “print” products as and when needed, and does not cost more than mass
manufacturing, no expense on storage of goods is required.
Increased employment opportunities
Widespread use of 3D printing technology will increase the demand for designers and technicians to operate
3D printers and create blueprints for products.
7. Disadvantages
Questionable Accuracy
3D printing is primarily a prototyping technology, meaning that parts created via the technology are mainly test parts. As with any viable test part,
the dimensions have to be precise in order for engineers to get an accurate read on whether or not a part is feasible. While 3D printers have made
advances in accuracy in recent years, many of the plastic materials still come with an accuracy disclaimer. For instance, many materials print to
either +/- 0.1 mm in accuracy, meaning there is room for error.
Support material removal
When production volumes are small, the removal of support material is usually not a big issue. When the volumes are much higher, it becomes an
important consideration. Support material that is physically attached is of most concern.
Limitations of raw material
At present, 3D printers can work with approximately 100 different raw materials. This is insignificant when compared with the enormous range of
raw materials used in traditional manufacturing. More research is required to devise methods to enable 3D printed products to be more durable and
robust.
Considerable effort required for application design and for setting process parameters
Complex set of around 180 material, process and other parameters and specific design required to fully profit from the technology
Material cost:
Today, the cost of most materials for additive systems ( Powder ) is slightly greater than that of those used for traditional manufacturing .
Material properties:
A limited choice of materials is available. Actually, materials and there properties (e.g., tensile property, tensile strength, yield strength, and fatigue)
have not been fully characterized. Also, in terms of surface quality, even the best RM processes need perhaps secondary machining and polishing to
reach acceptable tolerance and surface finish
8. Disadvantages
Intellectual property issues
The ease with which replicas can be created using 3D technology raises issues over intellectual
property rights. The availability of blueprints online free of cost may change with for-profit
organizations wanting to generate profits from this new technology.
Limitations of size
3D printing technology is currently limited by size constraints. Very large objects are still not
feasible when built using 3D printers.
Cost of printers
The cost of buying a 3D printer still does not make its purchase by the average householder
feasible. Also, different 3D printers are required in order to print different types of objects. Also,
printers that can manufacture in color are costlier than those that print monochrome objects.
Unchecked production of dangerous items
Liberator, the world’s first 3D printed functional gun, showed how easy it was to produce one’s
own weapons, provided one had access to the design and a 3D printer. Governments will need to
devise ways and means to check this dangerous tendency.
9. How does additive manufacturing work?
The term “additive manufacturing” references technologies that grow three-dimensional objects one
superfine layer at a time. Each successive layer bonds to the preceding layer of melted or partially
melted material. It is possible to use different substances for layering material, including metal
powder, thermoplastics, ceramics, composites, glass and even edibles like chocolate.
Objects are digitally defined by computer-aided-design (CAD) software that is used to create .stl files
that essentially "slice" the object into ultra-thin layers. This information guides the path of a nozzle or
print head as it precisely deposits material upon the preceding layer. Or, a laser or electron beam
selectively melts or partially melts in a bed of powdered material. As materials cool or are cured, they
fuse together to form a three-dimensional object.
The journey from .stl file to 3D object is revolutionizing manufacturing. Gone are the intermediary
steps, like the creation of molds or dies, that cost time and money
10. Additive manufacturing materials
It is possible to use many different materials to create 3D-printed objects. AM technology fabricates jet engine parts from advanced metal alloys,
and it also creates chocolate treats and other food items.
Thermoplastics
Thermoplastic polymers remain the most popular class of additive manufacturing
materials. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA) and polycarbonate (PC)
each offer distinct advantages in different applications. Water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is
typically used to create temporary support structures, which are later dissolved away.(ABS,
Nylon (Polyamide), Polycarbonate, PP, Epoxies, Glass filled polyamide, Windform,
Polystyrene, Polyester, Polyphenylesulfone).
Metals
Many different metals and metal alloys are used in additive manufacturing, from precious metals like gold and silver to strategic metals like
stainless steel and titanium.(Plain Carbon Steel, Tool Steel, Stainless steel, Aluminium, Copper, Titanium, Bronze, Nickel
Alumides).
Ceramics
A variety of ceramics have also been used in additive manufacturing, including zirconia, alumina and tricalcium phosphate. Also, alternate layers
of powdered glass and adhesive are baked together to create entirely new classes of glass products.
Biochemicals
Biochemical healthcare applications include the use of hardened material from silicon, calcium phosphate and zinc to support bone structures as
new bone growth occurs. Researchers are also exploring the use of bio-inks fabricated from stem cells to form everything from blood vessels to
bladders and beyond.(Polycaprolactone (PCL), polypropylene-tricalcium phosphate, (PP-TCP), PCL-hydroxyapatite (HA),
polyetheretherketone-hydroxyapatite, (PEEK-HA), tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), beta – tricalcium phosphate (TCP),
Polymethyl methacrylate).
11. Process
AM processes are classified into seven categories
Vat photopolymerization/Steriolithography
• Laser beam traces a cross-section of the part pattern on the surface of the liquid
resin
• SLA's elevator platform descends
• A resin-filled blade sweeps across the cross section of the part, re-coating it with fresh
material
• Immersed in a chemical bath
Stereolithography requires the use of supporting structures
Material Jetting
• Drop on demand method
• The print head is positioned above build platform
• Material is deposited from a nozzle which moves horizontally across the
build platform
• Material layers are then cured or hardened using ultraviolet (UV) light
• Droplets of material solidify and make up the first layer.
• Platform descends
• Good accuracy and surface finishes
12. Binder Jetting
• A glue or binder is jetted from an inkjet style print head.
• Roller spreads a new layer of powder on top of the previous
layer.
• The subsequent layer is then printed and is stitched to the
previous layer by the jetted binder.
• The remaining loose powder in the bed supports overhanging
structures.
Material Extrusion/FDM
• Fuse deposition modelling (FDM)
• Material is drawn through a nozzle, where it is heated
and is then deposited layer by layer
• First layer is built as nozzle deposits material where required
onto the cross-sectional area.
• The following layers are added on top of previous layers.
• Layers are fused together upon deposition as the material is
in a melted state.
13. Powder Bed Fusion
1. Selective laser sintering (SLS) 2.Selective laser melting (SLM) 3. Electron beam melting (EBM)
No support structures required
process
• A layer, typically 0.1mm thick of material is spread over the
build platform.
• The SLS machine preheats the bulk powder material in the powder bed
• A laser fuses the first layer
• A new layer of powder is spread.
• Further layers or cross sections are fused and added.
• The process repeats until the entire model is created.
Sheet Lamination
• Metal sheets are used
• Laser beam cuts the contour of each layer
• Glue activated by hot rollers
14. Process
• The material is positioned in place on the cutting bed.
• The material is bonded in place, over the previous layer, using the
adhesive.
• The required shape is then cut from the layer, by laser or knife.
• The next layer is added.
Directed Energy Deposition
Consists of a nozzle mounted on a multi axis arm
Nozzle can move in multiple directions
Material is melted upon deposition with a laser or electron
beam
Proces
• A4 or 5 axis arm with nozzle moves around a fixed object.
• Material is deposited from the nozzle onto existing surfaces of the
• object.
• Material is either provided in wire or powder form.
• Material is melted using a laser, electron
• beam or plasma arc upon deposition.
• Further material is added layer by layer and solidifies, creating or repairing
new
• material features on the existing object.
15. Technology & Research
Material
Intensive materials research and development is needed
In metallurgy, it takes about 10 years to develop a new alloy, including the determination of various critical properties such as
fatigue strength. This time frame also applies to developing new materials for AM
Even with existing materials, advancements are needed
16. Design
• Various AM-oriented design tools must be developed
• CAD systems should be re-invented to overcome its limitations
Modeling, Sensing, Control, and Process Innovation
• Difficult to predict the microstructures and fatigue properties resulting from AM processes
• The sensing of AM processes may require fast in situ measurements of the temperature,
rate, and residual stress
Characterization and Certification
• Real production environments and practices are much more rigorous
than those for prototyping purposes.
• The existing AM systems are still predominantly based on rapid prototyping machine
architectures
17. Where does people use 3D Printing?
Manufacturing applications
Cloud-based additive manufacturing
Mass customization
Rapid manufacturing
Rapid prototyping
Research
Food
18. Large Application
Additive manufacturing is already used to produce an impressive array of products -- everything from food creations to jet engine parts.
Aerospace
AM excels at producing parts with weight-saving, complex geometric designs. Therefore, it is often the perfect solution for creating ight, strong
aerospace parts.
In August 2013, NASA successfully tested an SLM-printed rocket injector during a hot fire test that generated 20,000 pounds of thrust. In 2015,
the FAA cleared the first 3D-printed part for use in a commercial jet engine. CFM's LEAP engine features 19 3D-printed fuel nozzles. At the 2017
Paris Air Show, FAA-certified, Boeing 787 structural parts fabricated from titanium wire were displayed, according to Aviation Week.
Automotive
CNN reported that the McLaren racing team is using 3D-printed parts in its Formula 1 race cars. A rear wing replacement took about 10 days to
produce instead of five weeks. The team has already produced more than 50 different parts using additive manufacturing. In the auto industry,
AM's rapid prototyping potential garners serious interest as production parts are appearing. For example, aluminum alloys are used to produce
exhaust pipes and pump parts, and polymers are used to produce bumpers.
Healthcare
At the New York University School of Medicine, a clinical study of 300 patients will evaluate the efficacy of patient-specific, multi-colored kidney
cancer models using additive manufacturing. The study will examine whether such models effectively assist surgeons with pre-operative
assessments and guidance during operations.
Global medical device manufacturing company Stryker are funding a research project in Australia that will use additive manufacturing
technology to create custom, on-demand 3D printed surgical implants for patients suffering from bone cancer.
In general, healthcare applications for additive manufacturing are expanding, particularly as the safety and efficacy of AM-built medical devices
is established. The fabrication of one-of-a-kind synthetic organs also shows promise.
Product Development
As the potential for AM's design flexibility is realized, once impossible design concepts are now being successfully re-imagined. Additive
manufacturing unleashes the creative potential of designers who can now operate free of the constraints under which they once labored.
19. Overview of the market
Additive Manufacturing is currently a $2.2 billion industry worldwide.
Market is triple by 2018 to roughly $6 billion.
Context: Injection molding market expected to be $252 billion in 2025
Sales for low cost machines (<$5000) – 35,508 in 2012
Sales for professional machines (>$5000) – 6,494 in 2011
Global Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) Market Share, By Industry, 2012 (%)
20. Challenges with 3D Printing
1. 3D printing isn’t standardized.
2. Additive manufacturing impacts the
environment.
3.Equipment and product costs are high.
4. There’s a 3D printing knowledge gap.
5. Additive manufacturing complicates
intellectual property.
21. conclusion
The process of joining materials to make objects from three-
dimensional (3D) model data, usually layer by layer
Traditional subtractive machining techniques rely on the removal of
material by methods such as cutting or milling
Has many advantages over traditional manufacturing processes
Seven processes of AM
AM is on the verge of shifting from a pure rapid prototyping
technology
Manufacturing metal components with virtually no geometric
limitations or tools offers new ways to increase product performance or
establish new processes and revenue streams