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3D Printing with Linux
By Peter Larsen
@egoalter, peter@peterlarsen.org
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG2
Who am I?
➢ Hobbyist/Maker of stuff ….
– 3D Printing
– Electronics. Analog and Digital
(micro-controllers, IoT etc)
– LUG member/speaker
➢ Computer Nerd, Open Source
Evangelist
➢ Works for Red Hat – sells Free
Software for a living
➢ And happy to be here ….
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG3
So why me and today’s topic?
➢ No affiliation with any 3D hardware or software vendor
➢ Not a 3D printing expert
➢ I’ve owned/used 3D printers for about 3 years
➢ Open Source all the way – not using anything closed
(hardware or software)
➢ Very opinionated
➢ I know Mark from FredLUG
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG4
Why (do I) 3D print?
➢ Prototyping
– Complex Designs – electronics project boxes and more
– Sharing and collaborate making designs and improve them
– It’s Open Source for things
– NASA uses 3D printers on the ISS https://nasa3d.arc.nasa.gov/
➢ Giving back
– http://enablingthefuture.org/
● 3D printing prosthesis for children
➢ Create custom Stuff
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG5
I make stuff ...
➢ 3D Printer Parts
➢ Project Boxes
➢ Trinkets and art pieces
➢ Figures / SciFi models
➢ Build remote controlled
vehicles:
– F1 Car
– Quad Copters
➢ IoT Stuff / Electronics
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG6
Being a Maker
➢ Artists
➢ Creator of “things”
➢ Enclosures/Boxes
➢ “Fix-it” man
➢ Automating/mass
production
➢ Fixer of “old stuff”
➢ Spending hours watching
things getting made.
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG7
What is 3D printing
➢ Typical 3D Printing
– Addictive Manufactoring
– FDM – Fused Deposition
modelling
– Invented in the late 1980s
by S. Scott Crump
– Layer by Layer
– Almost any design can be
done
– SLOW – for prototyping
mainly
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG8
3D Printing methods
➢ Stereolithography (SLA)
➢ Digital Light Processing (DLP)
➢ Fused deposition Modeling
(FDM)
➢ Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
➢ Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
➢ Electronic Beam Melting
(EBM)
➢ Laminated Object
Manufacturing (LOM)
➢ Binder Jetting (BJ)
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG9
Stereolithography (SLA)
➢ Fast Prototyping
➢ Very Accurate
➢ Laser heats resin
(photopolymer) turning it
into a solid
➢ Can print complex prints,
fragile setups
➢ Expensive! ($100K+)
Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG10
Digital Light Processing (DLP)
➢ Earliest version of 3D
printing
➢ Uses normal light
➢ Prints whole layer at once –
not “dot by dot”
➢ Very fast – not so precise
➢ Expensive – resin is poison
and hard to handle
Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG11
Fused deposition Modeling (FDM)
➢ Most popular for hobbyiest
– cheap and relatively easy
to assemble yourself
➢ Popular “i3” printer
➢ Melts material and moves
the melting point as it lays
down the layer
➢ Models often need post-
processing (sanding etc)
➢ Lots of different filaments
Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG12
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
➢ Fusion of particles (powder)
➢ No support needed during
print
➢ Durable/High Precision
➢ Expensive - $5000
➢ Powder requires special
handling, not resuable
Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG13
Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
➢ Powdered material + heat +
precision + layered
structure = a perfect 3D
object
➢ Complex structures
➢ Expensive
➢ Very large!
Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG14
Electronic Beam Melting (EBM)
➢ Similar to SLM
➢ Vacum used for laser – not
noble gasses
➢ Create fully functional parts
➢ Less lead time (faster)
➢ Large / Expensive
Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG15
Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)
➢ Prints/cuts a layer of a thin
film/plastic.
➢ Fuses each cut layer
together.
➢ Low cost materials
➢ Faster than FDM
➢ Large printer format due to
the manufacturing process
Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG16
Binder Jetting (BJ)
➢ Uses power and binding
agent (two materials)
➢ Can print ceramics, metals,
sands, plastic
➢ Not high resolution
➢ New technology – still
evolving
Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG17
Filaments
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG18
Components of a 3D printer
➢ 3D Printer Frame: Holds the machine together
➢ 3D Printer Head movement mechanics: moves relative to the print bed in all directions
➢ 3D Printer Head: Nozzle that deposits filament or applies colors and liquid binder
➢ 3D Build Platform or Build Bed: The part of the printer where the object is printed
➢ 3D Printer Stepper Motors (at least 4): Used for precise positioning and speed control
➢ 3D Printer Electronics: Used to drive motors, heat the extruder and much more
➢ 3D Printer Firmware: Permanent software used to control every aspect of a 3D printer
➢ 3D Printer Software: Not part of the actual printer but still needed for the printing
process
THIS IS WHAT WE’LL BE TALKING ABOUT
Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG19
General 3D Process
➢ STL Slicing Gcode Printer→ → →
➢ Multiple materials may be used (most just use one)
➢ Printer melts material, extrudes it while moving the
“extruder” horizontal.
➢ Once a layer is done, the print head is moved slightly
upwards and the next layer is printed
➢ Rinse and repeat until last layer is done
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG20
GCode
➢ RS-274 Numerical Control (NC) programming Language
➢ Printer Firmware interprets Gcode and turns it into
movements and other actions
– Rapid Movement
– Controlled Feed in a straight line or arch
– Series of controlled feed movements
– Select Tool
➢ Examples
– G01 Z0.25
– G00 X0. Y0. Z0.25
Good overview: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-code
RS-274: https://ws680.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=823374
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG21
Open Source (software)
➢ Started by Richard Stallman in 1984 – gave us FSF (Free
Software Foundation) and the GPL
➢ Excellence through collaboration
➢ Open infrastructure, open process
➢ Requires participation – the GPL does not negate copyright
➢ Allows you to stand on the shoulders of giants
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG22
Open Hardware
➢ Like Open Source, but for hardware specification
(https://www.oshwa.org/)
➢ Arduino made an open source specification for the
Arduino board. It revolutionized the maker space,
and using the Arduino IDE made it easy to
program hardware
➢ Lots of companies sell Arduino devices –
improvements are constantly being made
➢ Hardware specs shared gives the same advantages
as source code shared
➢ Gets rid of lawyers and patent infringements
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG23
Types of software
➢ Firmware
➢ Slicers
➢ Modelers
➢ Controllers
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG24
The history of 3D printing
➢ Open Source Open Hardware→
➢ Success through collaboration
– MakerBot
➢ Failures trying to go their own
– MakerBot
– 10CR (Creality)
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG25
How to 3D print
➢ Find existing designs (STL) that are free
– Slice to fit your printer, filament etc.
– Print
➢ Buy Designs (repeat the above)
➢ Commission Designs and/or print yourself
➢ Design your own model
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG26
Why would I want others to print?
➢ Printer quality varies
➢ Slicing is an art – not a science
– Parameters, settings etc. depends on not only hardware, but
the type of filament and what you’re trying to print.
➢ Lots of Trial and Error
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG27
3D Printing Concepts
➢ Raw 3D Model: STL (Stereolithography)
➢ Object Design: scad, blender, dxf (librecad)
➢ Printer/Raw language: g-code
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG28
Linux (FOSS) Slicer software
Slic3r
CURA
OctoPrint (and many more)
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG29
Modeling Software
➢ Blender
➢ LibreCad
➢ OpenSCad
➢ A lot more ….
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG30
Printer Control Software
➢ Pronterface
➢ CURA
➢ OctoPrint
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG31
Printer Controller Hardware
➢ RAMPS (shield for Arduino)
➢ Arduino Mega 2560
➢ Arduino Due
➢ Lots of combinations that
puts it all on one board:
EINSY RAMBO (Prusa uses
this)
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG32
Printer Firmware
➢ Marlin
➢ RepRap
➢ Repetier
(and a lot more)
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG33
Commercial software
➢ Fusion 360
➢ Simplify3D
➢ SolidWorks
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG34
3D printing Resources
➢ https://www.stlfinder.com/
➢ https://www.thingiverse.com
➢ https://www.simplify3d.com/support/print-quality-troubleshooting/
➢ https://www.prusa3d.com/downloads/manual/prusa3d_manual_mk3_en.pdf
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG35
Demo - slicers
➢ Slic3r demo
➢ CURA demo
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG36
Demo - modelling
➢ Blender
➢ LibreCad
➢ OpenSCad
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG37
Look what I’ve printed!
➢ I’ve got a bag of goodies ….
➢ This is just a fraction of what I have printed over the last 2
years
May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG38
Questions?

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3d printing

  • 1. 3D Printing with Linux By Peter Larsen @egoalter, peter@peterlarsen.org
  • 2. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG2 Who am I? ➢ Hobbyist/Maker of stuff …. – 3D Printing – Electronics. Analog and Digital (micro-controllers, IoT etc) – LUG member/speaker ➢ Computer Nerd, Open Source Evangelist ➢ Works for Red Hat – sells Free Software for a living ➢ And happy to be here ….
  • 3. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG3 So why me and today’s topic? ➢ No affiliation with any 3D hardware or software vendor ➢ Not a 3D printing expert ➢ I’ve owned/used 3D printers for about 3 years ➢ Open Source all the way – not using anything closed (hardware or software) ➢ Very opinionated ➢ I know Mark from FredLUG
  • 4. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG4 Why (do I) 3D print? ➢ Prototyping – Complex Designs – electronics project boxes and more – Sharing and collaborate making designs and improve them – It’s Open Source for things – NASA uses 3D printers on the ISS https://nasa3d.arc.nasa.gov/ ➢ Giving back – http://enablingthefuture.org/ ● 3D printing prosthesis for children ➢ Create custom Stuff
  • 5. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG5 I make stuff ... ➢ 3D Printer Parts ➢ Project Boxes ➢ Trinkets and art pieces ➢ Figures / SciFi models ➢ Build remote controlled vehicles: – F1 Car – Quad Copters ➢ IoT Stuff / Electronics
  • 6. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG6 Being a Maker ➢ Artists ➢ Creator of “things” ➢ Enclosures/Boxes ➢ “Fix-it” man ➢ Automating/mass production ➢ Fixer of “old stuff” ➢ Spending hours watching things getting made.
  • 7. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG7 What is 3D printing ➢ Typical 3D Printing – Addictive Manufactoring – FDM – Fused Deposition modelling – Invented in the late 1980s by S. Scott Crump – Layer by Layer – Almost any design can be done – SLOW – for prototyping mainly
  • 8. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG8 3D Printing methods ➢ Stereolithography (SLA) ➢ Digital Light Processing (DLP) ➢ Fused deposition Modeling (FDM) ➢ Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) ➢ Selective Laser Melting (SLM) ➢ Electronic Beam Melting (EBM) ➢ Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) ➢ Binder Jetting (BJ)
  • 9. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG9 Stereolithography (SLA) ➢ Fast Prototyping ➢ Very Accurate ➢ Laser heats resin (photopolymer) turning it into a solid ➢ Can print complex prints, fragile setups ➢ Expensive! ($100K+) Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
  • 10. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG10 Digital Light Processing (DLP) ➢ Earliest version of 3D printing ➢ Uses normal light ➢ Prints whole layer at once – not “dot by dot” ➢ Very fast – not so precise ➢ Expensive – resin is poison and hard to handle Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
  • 11. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG11 Fused deposition Modeling (FDM) ➢ Most popular for hobbyiest – cheap and relatively easy to assemble yourself ➢ Popular “i3” printer ➢ Melts material and moves the melting point as it lays down the layer ➢ Models often need post- processing (sanding etc) ➢ Lots of different filaments Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
  • 12. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG12 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) ➢ Fusion of particles (powder) ➢ No support needed during print ➢ Durable/High Precision ➢ Expensive - $5000 ➢ Powder requires special handling, not resuable Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
  • 13. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG13 Selective Laser Melting (SLM) ➢ Powdered material + heat + precision + layered structure = a perfect 3D object ➢ Complex structures ➢ Expensive ➢ Very large! Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
  • 14. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG14 Electronic Beam Melting (EBM) ➢ Similar to SLM ➢ Vacum used for laser – not noble gasses ➢ Create fully functional parts ➢ Less lead time (faster) ➢ Large / Expensive Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
  • 15. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG15 Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) ➢ Prints/cuts a layer of a thin film/plastic. ➢ Fuses each cut layer together. ➢ Low cost materials ➢ Faster than FDM ➢ Large printer format due to the manufacturing process Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
  • 16. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG16 Binder Jetting (BJ) ➢ Uses power and binding agent (two materials) ➢ Can print ceramics, metals, sands, plastic ➢ Not high resolution ➢ New technology – still evolving Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
  • 17. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG17 Filaments
  • 18. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG18 Components of a 3D printer ➢ 3D Printer Frame: Holds the machine together ➢ 3D Printer Head movement mechanics: moves relative to the print bed in all directions ➢ 3D Printer Head: Nozzle that deposits filament or applies colors and liquid binder ➢ 3D Build Platform or Build Bed: The part of the printer where the object is printed ➢ 3D Printer Stepper Motors (at least 4): Used for precise positioning and speed control ➢ 3D Printer Electronics: Used to drive motors, heat the extruder and much more ➢ 3D Printer Firmware: Permanent software used to control every aspect of a 3D printer ➢ 3D Printer Software: Not part of the actual printer but still needed for the printing process THIS IS WHAT WE’LL BE TALKING ABOUT Source: http://3dinsider.com/3d-printer-types/
  • 19. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG19 General 3D Process ➢ STL Slicing Gcode Printer→ → → ➢ Multiple materials may be used (most just use one) ➢ Printer melts material, extrudes it while moving the “extruder” horizontal. ➢ Once a layer is done, the print head is moved slightly upwards and the next layer is printed ➢ Rinse and repeat until last layer is done
  • 20. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG20 GCode ➢ RS-274 Numerical Control (NC) programming Language ➢ Printer Firmware interprets Gcode and turns it into movements and other actions – Rapid Movement – Controlled Feed in a straight line or arch – Series of controlled feed movements – Select Tool ➢ Examples – G01 Z0.25 – G00 X0. Y0. Z0.25 Good overview: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-code RS-274: https://ws680.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=823374
  • 21. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG21 Open Source (software) ➢ Started by Richard Stallman in 1984 – gave us FSF (Free Software Foundation) and the GPL ➢ Excellence through collaboration ➢ Open infrastructure, open process ➢ Requires participation – the GPL does not negate copyright ➢ Allows you to stand on the shoulders of giants
  • 22. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG22 Open Hardware ➢ Like Open Source, but for hardware specification (https://www.oshwa.org/) ➢ Arduino made an open source specification for the Arduino board. It revolutionized the maker space, and using the Arduino IDE made it easy to program hardware ➢ Lots of companies sell Arduino devices – improvements are constantly being made ➢ Hardware specs shared gives the same advantages as source code shared ➢ Gets rid of lawyers and patent infringements
  • 23. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG23 Types of software ➢ Firmware ➢ Slicers ➢ Modelers ➢ Controllers
  • 24. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG24 The history of 3D printing ➢ Open Source Open Hardware→ ➢ Success through collaboration – MakerBot ➢ Failures trying to go their own – MakerBot – 10CR (Creality)
  • 25. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG25 How to 3D print ➢ Find existing designs (STL) that are free – Slice to fit your printer, filament etc. – Print ➢ Buy Designs (repeat the above) ➢ Commission Designs and/or print yourself ➢ Design your own model
  • 26. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG26 Why would I want others to print? ➢ Printer quality varies ➢ Slicing is an art – not a science – Parameters, settings etc. depends on not only hardware, but the type of filament and what you’re trying to print. ➢ Lots of Trial and Error
  • 27. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG27 3D Printing Concepts ➢ Raw 3D Model: STL (Stereolithography) ➢ Object Design: scad, blender, dxf (librecad) ➢ Printer/Raw language: g-code
  • 28. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG28 Linux (FOSS) Slicer software Slic3r CURA OctoPrint (and many more)
  • 29. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG29 Modeling Software ➢ Blender ➢ LibreCad ➢ OpenSCad ➢ A lot more ….
  • 30. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG30 Printer Control Software ➢ Pronterface ➢ CURA ➢ OctoPrint
  • 31. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG31 Printer Controller Hardware ➢ RAMPS (shield for Arduino) ➢ Arduino Mega 2560 ➢ Arduino Due ➢ Lots of combinations that puts it all on one board: EINSY RAMBO (Prusa uses this)
  • 32. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG32 Printer Firmware ➢ Marlin ➢ RepRap ➢ Repetier (and a lot more)
  • 33. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG33 Commercial software ➢ Fusion 360 ➢ Simplify3D ➢ SolidWorks
  • 34. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG34 3D printing Resources ➢ https://www.stlfinder.com/ ➢ https://www.thingiverse.com ➢ https://www.simplify3d.com/support/print-quality-troubleshooting/ ➢ https://www.prusa3d.com/downloads/manual/prusa3d_manual_mk3_en.pdf
  • 35. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG35 Demo - slicers ➢ Slic3r demo ➢ CURA demo
  • 36. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG36 Demo - modelling ➢ Blender ➢ LibreCad ➢ OpenSCad
  • 37. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG37 Look what I’ve printed! ➢ I’ve got a bag of goodies …. ➢ This is just a fraction of what I have printed over the last 2 years
  • 38. May 20183D Printing for KeyLUG38 Questions?