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3.1 What is a solution?
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- 2. What isa solution ?
- 3. Water No matter what you do to it physically -- boil, freeze, stir, shake, strain -- it is still water. 3
- 4. Salt Water If you boil salt water, the water turns to gas and leaves the salt behind. 4
- 5. Pulpy Orange Juice If you strain pulpy orange juice, it loses its pulp. 5
- 6. Substances Water, salt waterand pulpy orange juice are different. These differences can be explained using CHEMISTRY! 6
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- 8. Atoms and Elements H2O C O2 N aC l
- 9. Atoms and Elements NaCl Boil C Grind Filter O2 H2O
- 10. Atoms and Elements NaCl N aCl Boil C Grind Filter C O2 O2 H2O H2O
- 11. Substance matter that hasthe same fixed composition and properties. It can’t be broken down into simpler parts by ordinary physical processes, such as boiling, grinding, or filtering.
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- 15. Compounds Water is acompound but it is not an element.
- 16. Compounds Water is acompound but it is not an element. Compounds have fixed composition. The ratio of the atoms in a compound is ALWAYS the same.
- 17. Compounds Water is acompound but it is not an element. Compounds have fixed composition. The ratio of the atoms in a compound is ALWAYS the same. Water is always 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.
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- 19. Mixtures Lemonade is waterand sugar and lemon juice.
- 20. Mixtures Lemonade is waterand sugar and lemon juice. A mixture is a combination of substances that are not bonded together and can be separated by physical processes.
- 21. Mixtures Lemonade is waterand sugar and lemon juice. A mixture is a combination of substances that are not bonded together and can be separated by physical processes. Mixtures do not always contain the same proportions of the substances that they are composed of. Example: weak and strong lemonade.
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- 23. Heterogeneous Heterogeneous mixture -type of mixture where the substances are not mixed evenly.
- 24. Heterogeneous Heterogeneous mixture -type of mixture where the substances are not mixed evenly. The different areas of the mixture have different compositions.
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- 26. Homogeneous (Solution) A homogeneousmixture contain 2 or more substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular level but still are not bonded together.
- 27. Homogeneous (Solution) C6H12O6 H 0 2 H20 C6H12O6 C6H12O6 H20 A homogeneous mixture contain 2 or more substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular level but still are not bonded together.
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- 29. How Solutions Form Sugar molecules spreading out until they are evenly spaced is called dissolving.
- 30. How Solutions Form Sugar molecules spreading out until they are evenly spaced is called dissolving. Solute-substance that dissolves or seems to disappear. (sugar)
- 31. How Solutions Form Sugar molecules spreading out until they are evenly spaced is called dissolving. Solute-substance that dissolves or seems to disappear. (sugar) Solvent-substance that dissolves the solute.(water)
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- 33. Forming Solids from Solutions Whena solid comes back out of its solution and form a solid it is called crystallization.
- 34. Forming Solids from Solutions Whena solid comes back out of its solution and form a solid it is called crystallization. This is the result of a physical change.
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- 36. Forming Solids fromSolutions Stalactites and stalagmites in caves are formed from solutions.
- 37. Forming Solids fromSolutions Stalactites and stalagmites in caves are formed from solutions. First, water with dissolved minerals flows through rocks at the top of the cave.
- 38. Forming Solids fromSolutions Stalactites and stalagmites in caves are formed from solutions. First, water with dissolved minerals flows through rocks at the top of the cave. This solution drips from the ceiling of the cave.
- 39. Forming Solids fromSolutions Stalactites and stalagmites in caves are formed from solutions. First, water with dissolved minerals flows through rocks at the top of the cave. This solution drips from the ceiling of the cave. When drops evaporate, the minerals are left behind.
- 40. Forming Solids fromSolutions Stalactites and stalagmites in caves are formed from solutions. First, water with dissolved minerals flows through rocks at the top of the cave. This solution drips from the ceiling of the cave. When drops evaporate, the minerals are left behind. Stalactites develop downward, stalagmites upwards.
- 41. Forming Solids from Solutions
- 42. Forming Solids from Solutions Sometimes a solid forms because of a chemical reaction. This solid is called a precipitate.
- 43. Forming Solids from Solutions Sometimes a solid forms because of a chemical reaction. This solid is called a precipitate. Minerals that are dissolved in tap water react chemically with soap. The product is soap scum.
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- 45. Solutions Making Solids CHEMICAL PHYSICAL
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- 50. Liquid Solutions In a liquid-gas solution the solute is a gas and the solvent is liquid. In carbonated beverages, the solute is CO2 and the solvent is water.
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- 52. Liquid Solutions In a liquid-solid solution the solute is a solid and solvent is a liquid.
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- 54. Liquid Solutions In a liquid-liquid solution both the solute and solvent are liquids.
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- 56. Gaseous Solution A smalleramount of one gas is dissolved in a larger amount of another gas.
- 57. Gaseous Solution A smaller amount of one gas is dissolved in a larger amount of another gas. Nitrogen makes up 78% of dry air and is the solvent.
- 58.
- 59. Solid Solutions The solventis a solid, the solute is a solid, liquid or gas. The most common is solid-solid solutions.
- 60. Solid Solutions The solventis a solid, the solute is a solid, liquid or gas. The most common is solid-solid solutions. A solid-solid solution made from 2 metals is called an alloy.
- 61. Finished !