The document discusses powerhouse planning for hydroelectric projects. Key factors in determining a powerhouse location include proximity to the dam spillway and navigation locks, foundation conditions, and accessibility for transmission lines. The objectives of powerhouse planning are to house generators and turbines while considering whether to locate the structure above or below ground. Dimensions of the powerhouse depend on the size and number of units as well as space needed for equipment, loading areas, and control rooms. The powerhouse structure has sub, intermediate, and super sections to support equipment and transmit loads to the foundation.
Flow in super critical state is an unstable type of flow. It has a tendency to transfer n to sub critical flow. Flow depth is small in a supercritical state. which increases suddenly while changing the subcritical state. This phenomenon sudden increase in depth of flow is called a HYDRAULIC JUMP.
Topics:
1. Reservoir Classification
2. Investigations
3. Selection of Site for Reservoir
4. Zones of Storage
5. Storage Capacity and Yield
6. Mass Inflow Curve & Demand Curve
7. Calculation of Reservoir Capacity
8. Reservoir Sedimentations
9. Life of Reservoir
10. Selection of Dam
Any hydraulic structure which supplies water to the off taking canal known as headwork. Storage head work is that stores water when it is available and supplies when needed.
supplying wholesome water to consumers with suitable methods in economical way,to exist human life water is very important as air is,so,as a civil engineer's we have to supply safe water to consumers in economical way,in this we are going to explain about component parts of water supply scheme,systems of water distribution and layouts of distribution system according to their suitability.
A lift or elevator is an appliance to transport men or material two or more floors in
a vertical direction by means of a guided car or platform. The necessity of lifts in
multi storied buildings has been so well recognized that no multi storied building
is planned without proper provision for lifts.
Flow in super critical state is an unstable type of flow. It has a tendency to transfer n to sub critical flow. Flow depth is small in a supercritical state. which increases suddenly while changing the subcritical state. This phenomenon sudden increase in depth of flow is called a HYDRAULIC JUMP.
Topics:
1. Reservoir Classification
2. Investigations
3. Selection of Site for Reservoir
4. Zones of Storage
5. Storage Capacity and Yield
6. Mass Inflow Curve & Demand Curve
7. Calculation of Reservoir Capacity
8. Reservoir Sedimentations
9. Life of Reservoir
10. Selection of Dam
Any hydraulic structure which supplies water to the off taking canal known as headwork. Storage head work is that stores water when it is available and supplies when needed.
supplying wholesome water to consumers with suitable methods in economical way,to exist human life water is very important as air is,so,as a civil engineer's we have to supply safe water to consumers in economical way,in this we are going to explain about component parts of water supply scheme,systems of water distribution and layouts of distribution system according to their suitability.
A lift or elevator is an appliance to transport men or material two or more floors in
a vertical direction by means of a guided car or platform. The necessity of lifts in
multi storied buildings has been so well recognized that no multi storied building
is planned without proper provision for lifts.
Introduction to machine maintinance and installationtechnovic
This ppt is an introduction on how we can operate maintainance of machines and installs a new machine, this guide helps for all engineering students teachers and others mainly who are engaged in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
2. Powerhouse??
• Power house: The structure that houses generators
and turbines.
Requirements of powerhouse
planning:
• Functional efficiency
• Aesthetic beauty
3. Determining location of powerhouse
The factors affecting powerhouse location are:
• Location of spillway(when powerhouse is located
adjacent to the dam)
• Location of navigation locks(on navigation projects)
• Foundation conditions
• Valley width
• River channel conditions below dam
• Accessibility
• Location of switchyard and transmission lines
4. Powerhouse Planning
• The basic objective of Powerhouse planning is to house all
the equipment suitably in a structural complex called
powerhouse.
First choose
• Locate powerhouse above ground-surface powerhouse
OR
• Locate powerhouse as underground structure
Secondly Choose
• Which equipment should be placed indoor/outdoor?
• What should be the size of powerhouse and arrangements
of various units?
15. Powerhouse Structure
• There are three main divisions:
1. Sub-structure
2. Intermediate structure
3. Super structure
16. General arrangement of
powerhouse
• Sub-structure
Situated below the turbine level
Includes draft tube, tail water channel, natural drainage
pipes of waste water, drainage galleries etc.
Transmits the load of above structure to foundation strata
Usually a massive concrete structure
17. General arrangement of
powerhouse
• Intermediate structure
It extends from top of draft tube to the top of generator
foundation.
Includes scroll casing, galleries for auxiliary machines and
governor servo-motor system.
Turbine floor lies below generator floor and is accessible
through stairs.
18. General arrangement of
powerhouse
• Super-structure
It extends from generator floor called main floor up to the
roof top.
It includes generators, governors, control room, the exciters,
and auxiliary equipment such as those needed for
ventilation and cooling.
It consists of walls and roof with main travelling gantry
crane at roof level.
19. General dimension calculation of
powerhouse
• The super structure of powerhouse has the following three
bays.
1. Machine hall or unit bay
2. Erection or loading bay
3. Control bay
21. General dimension calculation of
powerhouse
Machine hall or unit bay
Length:
Depends on number of units, distance between units and
size of machines.
Usually approximate distance is 4.5 to 5 D where D is
turbine outlet diameter with added minimum clearance of 2
to 3 m as minimum clearance.
Center to center distance between units is taken as 5D+2.5
m.
22. General dimension calculation of
powerhouse
Machine hall or unit bay
Width:
It is usually taken as:
width of one unit+ extra passage from the wall
Where,
• Extra passage from the wall=2.5m for the movement
Excessive width may cause increase in size of girder or the
crane, supporting beam, column and the roof covering.
24. General dimension calculation of
powerhouse
Machine hall or unit bay
Height:
It is fixed by head room requirements(about 2 to 2.5 m) of
crane operation.
Height should be enough to enable cranes to lift the rotor of
the generator or the runner of the turbine clear off the floor
without the other machine sets obstructing.
Height=clearance space+ depth of crane girder+ head room
for operating cabin.
26. General dimension calculation of
powerhouse
Erection or loading bay
• Space where heavy vehicles can be loaded and un-loaded;
dismantled machine parts can be placed and small
assembling of equipment can be done.
• Should be sufficient t receive large parts like rotor and
runner.
• Its width should be at least equal to the distance between
machine center lines.
28. General dimension calculation of
powerhouse
Control bay
It houses main control and other equipment.
It may be adjacent to the unit as practiced commonly.
It sends instructions to operation room from where the
operation control is achieved