3. Jet fan system
➔ Found in the basement or enclosed car
parking space
➔ Provides either normal ventilation and help
extract smoke during fire, or both
➔ Includes 3 ventilations elements:
◆ Carbon monoxide detection sensors
◆ Control panel
◆ Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
analysis
4. How does it work?
➔ Operates similarly to a ducted system
◆ Ventilates the air from top to bottom, creating a continuous flow of air
◆ Prevents air being trap in certain areas
➔ In the event of a fire:
◆ Easily control areas of the ventilation system
◆ Control the overpressure of the fire fighting zones and the under pressure of the site of
fire
➔ Not affected by external weather conditions:
◆ Wind and pressure
◆ Conditions where cold air tend to stay within human height
5.
6. Centralized air conditioning system
➔ Consists of 2 parts which are separated
➔ Outdoor unit:
◆ Electrical components
◆ Condenser coil
◆ Compressor and fan
➔ Series of pipes and ducts that are connected between the outdoor unit
and indoor unit
➔ Indoor unit:
◆ Evaporator coil
◆ Refrigerant
◆ Thermostat
7. How does it work?
Refrigerant flows through a closed loop system of refrigerant lines
Refrigerant flows through
a closed loop system of
refrigerant lines
Warm air in the building is
absorbed into ductwork
by a motorized fan.
Air is cooled and
transported through
connecting ducts to
vents throughout the
building
Exterior compressor coil
pumps the refrigerant into
the interior evaporator coil
where heat from the air is
absorbed
9. Packaged air cooled chiller
➔ Consists of:
◆ Tank
◆ Pumps
◆ microprocessor
controls
➔ ‘plug and play’ design
closed-loop systems
◆ Reduce
maintenance cost
◆ Lowers lifetime cost
10. Cooling Tower
➔ Installed on the rooftop to allow optimum
ventilation
➔ Considered the final stage of heat transfer
➔ Components:
◆ Fan
◆ Fan motor and guard
◆ Suction tank
◆ Sprinkler
◆ Pipe
◆ Outlet
11.
12. How does it work? Heat from building
transferred to chilled water,
then to refrigerant and to
cooling water
Heat removed from
cooling water when
making contact with
moving air
Water is dispersed
and allow to drizzle
Heat is released
into atmosphere
13. Air Handling Unit (AHU)
➔ Re-condition and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating and
air-conditioning system
◆ re-condition outdoor air and release the fresh air into the building
➔ Depending on the desired temperature,
fresh air is either:
◆ Heated by heating coil
◆ Cooled by cooling coil
14. Components of AHU
1.Supply Duct
2.Fan Compartment
3.Vibration Isolators
4.Heating and/or
Cooling Coil
5.Filter Compartment
6.Return air duct
15. Control: Multi-Zone Variable Air Volume (VAV)
➔ Located in server and control
room
➔ Why?
◆ Smaller area
◆ Requires a 24-hours use of air
conditioning system
16. Control: Underfloor air distribution
➔ Used on every floor
➔ Provides conditioned air by using an underfloor plenum beneath a
raised floor
➔ Since air is supplied in much closer proximity to the users, supply air
temperature is much higher than conventional overhead system
◆ Task/ambient conditioning (TAC) system is used to control thermal
comfort conditions
17. How does it work?
Conditioned air supplied
from AHU forms a
reservoir of fresh cool air
by spreading across the
floor
Contaminated air or
any heat sources is
lifted to high level to
be discharged from
the area
18. Diffuser
➔ Floor swirl diffuser
◆ Installed on every floor
◆ Act as the supply and air diffuser on
every floor except lobby
➔ Ceiling diffuser
◆ Only installed on first floor lobby area
◆ Act as return air diffusers
24. Components
Main Switch Board (MSB)
Where the service protection device and supply
authority metering equipment is located
Essential Main Switch Board (EMSB)
Provides automatic or manual control
and testing of emergency engine
25. Genset room
➔ Uses diesel generator as a
secondary source
➔ generate electricity during
power failure.
27. components
Control panel
Used to monitor diesel generator
Automatic Mains Failure (AMF) Board
Power switch to emergency standby generators
28. Electrical riser room
➔ It’s a room dedicated to
electrical equipment.
➔ Located in every floors of
Setia HQ
29. Components
Distribution panel
Distributes power to the consuming loads
while providing a protective fuse or circuit
breaker for each circuit
Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCCB)
A type of electrical protection device that
can be used for a wide range of voltages
and frequencies
32. Solar Panel
● Light → Electricity
● 60 small cells per solar panel
● Electricity travels from array down
to inverter
● In inverter, DC → AC
● AC power sent to fuse board &
power outlets
● Max watt per solar panel : 250 watt
● No. of solar panel : 168
● Power generated per day : 1.5kWh
(average 6 hours)
● Total power generated : 252kWh
33. ➔ Monitor the photovoltaic
plants
➔ Monitor the
instantaneous output
and input power in watts
Solar Log
35. Type of lift system
- Electric/ traction gearless lift
Lift
arrangement
-Lobby A (3)
-Lobby B (2)
Types of lift available
in the building
- Fireman lift
- Passenger lift
Why electric/
traction
gearless lift and
why not
hydraulic lift?
-Hydraulic lift
not suitable for
floors that are
over 5 floors
How does the system
works?
-Green Technology, lift
always in standby mode
-First call system, First
come first serve basis
LIFTS IN SP SETIA HEADQUARTER BUILDING
36. MACHINE ROOM VS MACHINE ROOMLESS ELEVATORS
Machine Room Elevator Machine Roomless Elevator
37. Advantages of using Machine Room Less Elevator
➔ Gearless permanent magnet machine
➔ Fast installation methods and times
➔ No machine room
➔ Shallow pits etc
➔ Small control cabinet on upper level
➔ Smooth ride (first class roller shoe suspension)
➔ Time and Money-Saving Benefits-Long life cycle,
➔ Low running cost
38. Components
1. Machine room not needed- traction machines and controllers made
compact and installed inside the hoistway.
Gearless machine and regenerative drive
➔ gear-less permanent magnet
synchronous AC motor controlled by an
electronic motor drive, is the most power
efficient elevator drive system when
installed with a power regeneration
inverter (regeneration unit).
➔ This excess power is regenerated and fed
back into the power grid to be used
elsewhere.
Controller/ Control cabinet
➔ panel receives signals from users
through car operating panels, and
initiates the direction of the lifts,
whether it goes up or go down.
➔ located in level 9 of SP setia HQ
building and can be monitored
from the control room
39. 2. Hoistway & Pit- green hoisting system made hydraulic and geared hoisting
units obsolete
Wire ropes
➔ used as the hoisting cables
ropes to hoist lift cars.
➔ SP Setia HQ uses
polyurethane-coated steel
rope belts that helps save
space on the hoistway
Counterweight
➔ - provide traction and to
balance the weight of car
about 40%-50% of the car
rated load.
➔ - SP Setia HQ uses steel plate
counterweights in order to
balance the car
Buffers
➔ device that halts a
descending car or
counterweight beyond its
normal limit and the impact
when elevators run into the
pit can be soften during an
emergency
Car guide rail
➔ used to guide and direct the
course of travel of an elevator
car and elevator
counterweights.
Guide shoes
➔ to guide the car and
counterweight along the path
of the guide rails
40. 3. Lift Car
Door safety devices
used with automatic power
operated doors that detect
obstructions to the normal
closing of the elevator doors
Lift Frame
is a load carrier element in
the elevator car as well as
its function of isolating
vibrations due to running
Platform
has sufficient mechanical
strength to sustain forces
which will be applied during
normal operation, safety
gear operation and impact
of the car to its buffers.
Door operator
Door operator opens and
closes the car doors using a
motor-driven device that is
mounted on the elevator car
41. 4. Landing
D) Maintenance access
panel- a panel is
mounted next to every
lift for maintenance
purpose
4.1 Landing Doors
function to prevent objects from
entering the path of the lift
4.2 Landing Fixtures
A) Car operating
panel-a panel that is
mounted in the car,
that contains the car
operating controls
B) Push buttons outside the
lift-enable users to give instructions
to the lift control system by pressing
the up or down button. SP Setia
Headquarters building uses light
emitting diodes in their lift system
C) Hall indicators- indicates the
floor that the lift is at and informs
the users the direction of the lifts,
whether it is going down or up
42. Safety features for electric lift :
b) Hoistway Door Interlock
interconnected electrically to prevent operation of the elevator
if any of the elevator’s hoistway doors are open
a) Over-speed Governor
protected from over-speeding when the
elevator is descending
43. d) Emergency Alarm Switch
It will sound an alarm when activated by a passenger and
in most elevators
e) Fireman's Switch
when the switch is turned on, all elevators will be brought
down to the first floor
c) Load weighing device or the overload sensor
➔ operated by altering the distance between car floor and sling
dependent on the load,
➔ ensure lift does not overload
45. ➔ Intergral component of
structural fire protection
➔ Prevent fire from spreading
quickly
➔ Provide Adequate time for
people
➔ Associated with listing and
approval
Passive Fire Protection
➔ List of Components:
◆ Fire escape route plan
◆ Fire emergency staircase
◆ Fire door & Ventilation
Opening
◆ Emergency Exit Signage
46. Fire Escape Route plan
➔ Provide the shortest route to the
assembly place
➔ Protected or isolated passageway
➔ There are 2 main routes for
occupants to escape
47. Fire Emergency Staircase
➔ Connected from the top floor to bottom floors
➔ Dimension should be standardized
➔ Provided sufficient emergency escape but in
the meantime not to confused the occupant.
48. Fire Door and
Ventilation opening
➔ Delay the spreading of fire or
smoke
➔ Combination of various
material
Emergency Exit signage
➔ Located on top of the fire
door
➔ Give a clear direction for
the occupant in the event
of fire
➔ emergency exit signage
function opposes the
building’s electrical supply
Fire Door Ventilation Opening
49. active Fire Protection
➔ Purpose:
◆ to detect
◆ alert about
◆ seek to eliminate the fire
hazard.
➔ can be activated manually /
automatically
➔ List of components :
◆ Fire extinguisher
◆ Fire Alarm System
◆ Voice Communication
System
◆ External Fire Hydrant
◆ Hose Reel
◆ Sprinkle System
◆ Automatic CO2 System
◆ Smoke Detector
◆ Wet Riser
◆ Water Pump & Water Tank
◆ Fire Swtich
◆ Control Room
50. Fire Extinguisher
➔ Intended for :
◆ initial outbreak of fire to prevent escalation into full scale fire
◆ open pathway for occupant
➔ four types :
◆ water
◆ foam
◆ dry powder
◆ carbon dioxide
➔ ABC powder fire extinguisher in most of the area
➔ carbon dioxide fire extinguisher in location such HVAC room and
genset room (due to usage of flammable material. )
➔ cannot used for large fire (due to limited capacity)
➔ location of fire :
◆ At conspicuous location where it is easily spotted
◆ Near room exits, corridors, stairways, lobbies and landings
◆ Within recessed closets if sited along protected corridor
◆ Not more than 20m from a potential fire hazard
◆ Not at location where fire might prevent access to it
Steps :
rotate pin to break seal
pull out the pin
aiming nozzle at the fire
base from a distance
squeeze lever, release
to stop
51. Hose Reel
➔ Place in fire protection system room
➔ Sited in position where occupant can used it without
exposed to danger from fire
➔ fixed or swinging type
➔ Intended for occupant to use during early stages of
fire
➔ basic requirement:
◆ hose reel is able to discharge 0.4 I/s of water at
a distance of 6.00m from nozzle end
◆ pressure required at the highest point must not
be less than 200 kPa
◆ building < 15m high : a bore pipe of 50mm is
required as the main pipe
◆ Building > 15m high : 64 mm bore pipe as main
pipe
Steps :
52. Wet riser
➔ located in a fire protection system room every floor
➔ a water outlet
➔ shall be able to maintain a running pressure of 410 kPa at the
highest landing valve and give a flow rate of 2.3 I/s
➔ Types ：
◆ Wet （Sp Setia HQ building used wet riser）
◆ Dry
➔ Required when the highest floor of the building is more than 30.5m
but less than 70.5m above the fire appliance access level
➔ Breeching inlet for wet riser are located at the ground level, for fire
fighter to pump water into it
53. Water Tank & water pump
➔ In SP Setia HQ, there are 2 types of water pump :
◆ Duty pump
◆ standby pump
➔ Duty pump
◆ provide sufficient pressure of water in order
to achieve the required discharge flow
rate and throw length of the water
➔ Standby pump
◆ same with as duty pump
◆ if duty pump fail to function or under
maintenance standby pump can replace
it.
➔ Both of these pump are control by a control
panel.
➔ System that used pump
◆ wet riser
◆ hose reel
◆ sprinkler
➔ To supply water
➔ Tank is compartmented and made out of
pressed steel / fiberglass reinforced polyester
(FPR) / concrete
➔ Level indicator on the tank
➔ External surface of the tank shall be painted
red / a red band of minimum 200m should be
painted.
➔ Water tank location :
◆ hose reel : on the Level 9 of the building
◆ wet riser & sprinkler system : at the
basement floor
➔ If the water tank is at ground level, it must be
equipped with 2 pump to pump the water ups
:
◆ operational
◆ standby
57. HVAC System - Airlock issue
What is airlock ?
➔ An airlock is a restriction of, or complete stoppage of liquid flow
caused by gas trapped in a high point of liquid-filled pipe system
➔ Pressure is applied, instead of the liquid flowing as it would if the system
was full of liquid
➔ The gas, being less dense than the liquid, rises to any high points
58. HVAC System - Airlock issue
Where does airlock issue occur ?
Cold Water Tank Cooling TowerWater Piping
59. HVAC System - Airlock issue
Why does airlock occur ?
➔ AHU Chiller
➔ Often occur when one is trying to re-operate a system after it has
been deliberately or accidentally emptied
➔ Operating small chiller on event weekend causes big chiller to
“rest”
➔ Consequences :
◆ flow of water from cold water tank blocked,
◆ affecting the chiller’s operation hence
◆ air-conditioning system is stopped.
15 mins
60. HVAC System - Airlock issue
How to Solve airlock issue ?
Method
Release air
Automatic operation Manual operation
61. Fire Protection System - Smoke detector over sensitive
What is a smoke detector ?
➔ It is a component in the fire protection system.
➔ It will sent out signal to the fire alarm control
panel once it is detected to the smoke
detector.
➔ The sensitivity of the smoke detector plays a
very significant role in the fire protection.
62. Fire Protection System - Smoke detector over sensitive
Why does this problem occur?
➔ The smoke detector in server room and data room are over sensitive.
➔ It is easily triggered by just small amount of dust.
63. Fire Protection System - Smoke detector over sensitive
Less sensitivity to dust and more
secure
Automatically connected to
communication service and alert
HOW TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM
Get a new smoke detector
65. “CHLOE SIM TIING ERN 0322932 LEE FONG YEN 0321976
CHRISTINA HO CHIA HUI 0326499 LOO SIAH MONG 0321995
CHAN YI FUNG 0323057 PUI CHUN SHIAN 0323470
GOH SONG KIT 0322013 RANEE LEOW KAI YEN 0328173
KAM PEI CHI 0327295 WONG JIA JING 0327221
