This document summarizes the key features and benefits of micro-hydropower plants. It discusses that micro-hydropower plants are small-scale, renewable, low environmental impact, and affordable sources of energy production. They are well-suited for isolated rural communities in Nepal that have access to flowing water resources but limited connection to the national power grid. Micro-hydropower plants have high efficiency, provide continuous power generation, and require relatively low investment costs to install. The document outlines the typical components of a micro-hydropower system and provides an overview of the history and development of micro-hydropower in Nepal.

1. Chapter 10
Micro-hydropower plant
Prepared by:
Binu karki
Msc iWRM

2. Layout/Components of
micro-hydro “1”

3. Layout/Components of
micro-hydro “2”

4. Micro-hydro plant VIDEO!!

5. Hydropower Classification

6. Micro-hydro plant: Hydropower
Features!!!
• Small in scale
• Renewable source of energy
• Minimum environmental impact
• Affordable
• Consistent: produces continuously,24*7
• Site specific: you must have the resources

7. Why micro-hydro important for
Nepal???
• Small rivers and stream are found everywhere
• Isolated settlement in rural areas.
• Load factor in rural areas is small.
Load factor=total load/peak load in given time period.
• connection with national grid is uneconomical.
• Only low investment cost is required for installation of
micro-hydro.
• Nepal's topography varies widely and is suitable for
high head plants.
Therefore micro-hydro is necessity.

8. Why micro-hydro???Advantages!!
• High efficiency(70%-90%)
• High capacity factor i.e. time generating power throughout
the year. typically >50%.
• Slow rate of change: output power varies gradually from day
to day(not from minute to minute)
• Long lasting and robust technology: systems can be
designed for more than 50 years
• It is environment friendly: small obstruction to river flow.
• It is an important part of Nepal Electricity Supply.
• In remote areas, it provides reliable and economic sources
of electricity.
• As no fossil fuel is required in MHP, it can save other source
of energy.
• People will have access to mass media; such as TV, radio etc

9. Tentative Micro-hydro Cost
• Construction Cost
Rs 75 thousand per Kw to 1 lakh 25 thousand per Kw
• Operation and maintenance cost
2 to 3% but depends upon condition

10. Components :
Intake

11. Intake
The intake of a hydro scheme is designed to divert a
certain part of the river flow. This part can go up to
100 % as the total flow of the river is diverted via the
hydro installation.
The following points are required for an intake:
• the desired flow must be diverted,
• the peak flow of the river must be able to pass the intake
and weir without causing damage to them,
• as less as possible maintenance and repairs,
• it must prevent large quantities of loose material from
entering the channel,
• it must have the possibility to remove piled up sediment.
For micro hydro schemes only the smaller intakes will
be suitable like the side intake with and without a weir.

20. Micro-hydro in Nepal
• The first micro hydropower plant of 5 kW capacity
was installed in Godavari, Kathmandu with the
Swiss Assistance in 1962 AD
• Around 3,300 MHPs have been installed in the
country in hilly and mountains
locations(http://microhydro.org.np/).
• The establishment of Alternative Energy Promotion
Centre (AEPC) in November, 1996 was a historical
event for the sector. It comes under Ministry of
Environment, Science and Technology
• Mandate of AEPC for hydropower is upto 1MW.

21. Historical Development-
Mini/Micro Hydropower

22. Relevance of Micro-hydro in Nepal
• Electricity has provided opportunity to get latest
and useful information to the users like useful tips
for their occupational betterment as well.
• Students can study in the evenings in bright lights.
• Lighting has been the main benefit of MHPs.
• Grinding, hulling(De-husking of Paddy Grains),
water pumping, powering of computers, photo
studios, poultry farms and some small industries.

23. Micro-hydro development trend
in Nepal

24. Renewable Energy Technology Supply

27. Features!!