The document provides information on hydro-electric power plants and their components. It discusses the working principles of hydro-electric power plants, how they utilize the potential energy of stored water to run turbines and generators. It also describes the layout of hydroelectric plants and different types of turbines used, including Pelton, Francis, Kaplan and bulb turbines. The document discusses the components, working principles and applications of these various turbine types. It further covers topics like specific speed, governing systems, generators, pumps and factors that influence turbine selection for a hydroelectric project.
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This presentation discusses all the elements of water conductor system which includes: Intake Structure, Elements of intake, types of intake structure, Types of Water Conductor System - Open channel and pressure tunnels, Penstock and its classification
Watch Video of this presentation on Link: https://youtu.be/OFIgUfclEHU
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For Video, Visit our YouTube Channel (link is given below).
Any Suggestions/doubts/reactions, please leave in the comment box.
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This presentation discusses all the elements of water conductor system which includes: Intake Structure, Elements of intake, types of intake structure, Types of Water Conductor System - Open channel and pressure tunnels, Penstock and its classification
Hydroelectric power plant classification of hydroelectric power plant , Different types of Hydroelectric power power plant in India factor considered in selection of hydroelectric power plant
hydro power plant seminor
,hydro power plant ,reneawble sources ,hydro electical power plant ,classifications of hydro electical power plant ,construction and working of hydro electical power ,advantages and disadvantages of hydro electical power plant
Watch Video of this presentation on Link: https://youtu.be/xIGlZ3UvLdw
For notes/articles, Visit my blog (link is given below).
For Video, Visit our YouTube Channel (link is given below).
Any Suggestions/doubts/reactions, please leave in the comment box.
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The outline of the presentation: Site Selection For HP Plant; and Components of HP Plant; Catchment Area; Reservoir; Dam; Fore bay; Sluice Gate; Spillway; Intake Structure; Penstock; Surge Tank; Power House;Turbines; Generators; Draft Tube; Tail Race
Various types of gates, their important componentsIEI GSC
Presentation on Various types of gates, their important components was done by Shri D.K.Mehta, Retired Chief Engineer, CWC, during One Day Seminar on Safety Inspection and O & M of gates for dams, canals etc conducted by Gujarat State Center of The Institution of Engineers (India) at Ahmedabad on July 3, 2015.
Video of this presentation can be seen on facebook as well as Youtube page of IEIGSC.
Hydraulic Turbines – II: Governing of turbines – Surge tanks – Unit and speci...Mood Naik
Hydraulic Turbines – II: Governing of turbines – Surge tanks – Unit and specific turbines – Unit speed
– Unit quantity – Unit power – Specific speed – Performance characteristics – Geometric similarity –
Cavitation. Selection of turbines
Hydroelectric power plant classification of hydroelectric power plant , Different types of Hydroelectric power power plant in India factor considered in selection of hydroelectric power plant
hydro power plant seminor
,hydro power plant ,reneawble sources ,hydro electical power plant ,classifications of hydro electical power plant ,construction and working of hydro electical power ,advantages and disadvantages of hydro electical power plant
Watch Video of this presentation on Link: https://youtu.be/xIGlZ3UvLdw
For notes/articles, Visit my blog (link is given below).
For Video, Visit our YouTube Channel (link is given below).
Any Suggestions/doubts/reactions, please leave in the comment box.
Follow Us on
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The outline of the presentation: Site Selection For HP Plant; and Components of HP Plant; Catchment Area; Reservoir; Dam; Fore bay; Sluice Gate; Spillway; Intake Structure; Penstock; Surge Tank; Power House;Turbines; Generators; Draft Tube; Tail Race
Various types of gates, their important componentsIEI GSC
Presentation on Various types of gates, their important components was done by Shri D.K.Mehta, Retired Chief Engineer, CWC, during One Day Seminar on Safety Inspection and O & M of gates for dams, canals etc conducted by Gujarat State Center of The Institution of Engineers (India) at Ahmedabad on July 3, 2015.
Video of this presentation can be seen on facebook as well as Youtube page of IEIGSC.
Hydraulic Turbines – II: Governing of turbines – Surge tanks – Unit and speci...Mood Naik
Hydraulic Turbines – II: Governing of turbines – Surge tanks – Unit and specific turbines – Unit speed
– Unit quantity – Unit power – Specific speed – Performance characteristics – Geometric similarity –
Cavitation. Selection of turbines
Here you find all about Kaplan Turbine. You will also able to know how its work, main parts of it, design factors, equations, application, capacity, efficiency, advantages-disadvantages and etc. I think it will very much helpful for you. If you find any problem please do inform for correction. Thank you.
A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fast moving flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other fluid and converts it into useful work. Also a turbine is a turbo-machine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor. According to the fluid used:
• Water Turbine
• Steam Turbine
• Gas Turbine
• Wind Turbine
Although the same principles apply to all turbines, their specific designs differ sufficiently to merit separate descriptions.
Working Principle Water Turbine
• When the fluid strikes the blades of the turbine, the blades are displaced, which produces rotational energy.
• When the turbine shaft is directly coupled to an electric generator mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical power is known as hydroelectric power.
In a hydraulic turbine, water is used as the source of energy. Water or hydraulic turbines convert kinetic and potential energies of the water into mechanical power. Water turbines are mostly found in dams to generate electric power from water kinetic energy.
Classification
Based on hydraulic action of water
Based on direction of flow
Based on head of water and quantity of flow
Based on specific speed
Based on disposition of turbine shaft
Based on name of originator (commonly used turbines)
Applications of turbines-Hydroelectric Power PlantsAnand Prithviraj
Different types of turbines used in hydroelectric power plants based on the working parameters such as head, flow, etc., Characteristics of a turbine; specific to its applications in a dam.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
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When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
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using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
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Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
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Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. Hydro-electric power plant
Working principle
Hydro-electric power plant
utilizes the potential energy
of water stored in a dam
built across the river.
The potential energy of the
water is used to run water
turbine to which the
electric generator is
coupled.
The mechanical energy
available at the shaft of the
turbine is converted into
electrical energy by means
of the generator.
11. Turbine: Definition
The device in which the kinetic ,potential or
intermolecular energy held by the fluid is
converted in the form of mechanical energy
of a rotating member is known as a turbine
Also , defined as all machines in which
hydraulic energy is transferred into
mechanical energy (in the form of rotating
shaft ) ,or in some other moving parts are
known as ‘turbines’ or hydraulic motors.
17. Difference between Impulse and
Reaction turbine
Impulse turbine Reaction turbine
All available energy of fluid is
converted into kinetic energy by
an efficient nozzle that forms a
free jet.
Only a portion of fluid energy is
transformed into kinetic energy
before the fluid enters the runner
Unit is installed above the
tailrace
Unit is kept entirely submerged in
water below tailrace
Flow can be regulated without
loss of energy
Flow regulation is always
accompanied by loss of energy
Work-done is entirely due to
change in velocity
Work-done is due to change in
pressure and velocity
Turbine components are easily
accessible and repairs of
components are easy
Turbine components are not easily
accessible and repairs of
components are difficult
Suitable for high heads Suitable for relatively low heads
e.g. Pelton, Turgo turbine e.g. Francis, Kaplan turbine
27. specific speed, synchronous
speed and runaway speed of
turbine
Specific Speed (Ns):
The specific speed is the speed with which the turbine
turns for a particular discharge Q, with unit head in order
to produce unit power. It is dimensionless quantity.
Ns=N 𝑃/H3/4
Where,Ns=dimensionless
N=speed of actual turbine
P=Power developed on shaft power,KW
H=Head under which turbine is working
28. Specific Speed for different
turbine
Specific speed Type of turbine
Less than 30 Single jet pelton turbine
30-50 Multi jet pelton turbine
50-260 Francis turbine
260-860 Kaplan turbine
29.
30.
31.
32.
33. Advantages of Kaplan turbine:
It can be used for the sites having very low Head.
Kaplan turbine has efficiency up to 90 percent
Because of small dimension of the power house there is
saving in excavation and civil Engineering works.
The frictional loss is less because of less number of blades.
Disadvantages of Kaplan turbine:
Leakage of water into generator chamber and condensation
are source of trouble.
Cost is very high for maintenance.
34. Applications of Kaplan turbine:
Kaplan turbines are widely used throughout the world
for electrical power production.
They cover the lowest head hydro sites and are
especially suited for high flow conditions.
Inexpensive micro turbines on the Kaplan turbine
model are manufactured for individual power
production with as little as two feet of head.
Large Kaplan turbines are individually designed for
each site to operate at the highest possible efficiency,
typically over 90%.
They are very expensive to design, manufacture and
install, but operate for decades.
46. Bulb/Tubular Turbine
Tubular turbine is a reaction turbine of Kaplan type
which is used for lowest head.
These are frequent for drops under 10m.
In this turbine water flows with a mixed axial-radial
direction into the guide vane which are inclined at
normally 60o to the turbine shaft.
Its runner is of the same design as the Kaplan turbine
runner.
It is equipped with adjustable wicket gates and
adjustable runner blades .This arrangement provides
the greatest possible flexibility in adapting to changing
net head and changing demands for power output,
because the gates and blades can be adjusted to their
optimum openings.
47. Advantages of bulb turbine
Reduction in runner diameter by about 15% as compared
to the conventional designs for a given discharge rating.
Improved in efficiency as the losses are less
Reduced danger of cavitation
Smaller powerhouse dimensions for given output.
Elimination of spiral casing in this design contributes
greatly to space saving
Comparative saving in civil engineering works as well as
other equipment as compared to conventional design.
Bulb turbines are most suitable for tidal power plants
and for small hydro projects.
48. specific speed, synchronous
speed and runaway speed of
turbine
Synchronous speed
If the turbine is directly connected to the generator, the
turbine speed N must be synchronous speed. For turbine speed
n to be synchronous, following equation must be fulfilled.
N=120f/Np
Where,
N=rotational speed
f= electrical frequency in hertz(take 50 Hz in Nepal)
Np=number of generator pole
Runaway speed
The runaway speed of a water turbine is its speed at full flow,
and no shaft load. The turbine will be designed to survive the
mechanical forces of this speed. The manufacturer will supply
the runaway speed rating.
49. Factors governing turbine
selection
1) Specific speed:
High specific speed is essential where the head is low and
output is large, because otherwise the rotational speed will
be low which means cost of turbo-generator and powerhouse
will be high.
On the other hand there is practically no need of choosing a
high value of specific speed for high installations, because
even with low specific speed high rotational speed can be
attained with medium capacity plants.
2) Rotational speed:
Rotational speed depends upon specific speed.
Also the rotational speed of an electrical generator with
which the turbine is to be directly coupled depends on the
frequency and number of pair of poles.
The value of specific speed adopted should be such that it
will give the synchronous speed of the generator.
50. Factors governing turbine
selection
3) Efficiency:
The efficiency selected should be such that it gives the
highest overall efficiency of various conditions.
4) Part load operation:
In general the efficiency at part loads and overloads is less
than that with rated (design) parameters. For the sake of
economy the turbine should always run with maximum
possible efficiency to get more revenue.
When the turbine has to run at part or overload conditions
Deriaz turbine is employed. Similarly, for low heads, Kaplan
turbine will be useful for such purposes in place of propeller
turbine.
5) Cavitations:
The installation of water turbines of reaction type over the
tailrace is effected by cavitations. The critical values of
cavitations indices must be obtained to see that the turbine
works in safe zone. Such values of cavitations indices also
affect the design of turbine, especially of Kaplan, propeller
and bulb types.
51. Factors governing turbine selection
6) Position of turbine shaft:
Experience has shown that the vertical shaft arrangement is
better for large-sized reaction turbines, therefore, it is
almost universally adopted, whereas, in case of large size
impulse turbines, horizontal shaft arrangement is
preferable.
7) Available head and its fluctuation:
a) Very high (350m and above): For heads greater than 350m,
Pelton Turbine is generally employed and practically there is no
any choice except in very special cases.
b) High heads (150 m to 350 m): In this range either Pelton or
Francis turbine may employ. For higher specific needs Francis
turbine is more compact and economical than the Pelton
turbine that for the same working conditions would have to be
much bigger and rather cumbersome.
52. Factors governing turbine selection
c) Medium heads (60 m to 150 m): A Francis turbine is usually
employed in this range. Whether a high or low specific speed
would be used depends on the selection of the speed.
d) Low heads (below 60m): Between 30m to 60m both Kaplan
and Francis turbines may be used. Francis is more expensive
but yields higher efficiency at part loads and over loads. It is
therefore preferable for variable loads. Kaplan turbine is
generally employed less than 30m. Propeller turbines are
however, commonly used for heads up to 15m. They are
adopted only when there is practically no load variation.
8) Water quality(i.e. sand content ,chemical or other
impurities)
Quality of water is more crucial in case of reaction turbines.
Reaction turbine may undergo for rapid wear in case of bad
water quality.
61. Scroll Case, Draft tube an tailrace
canal and their importance
Scroll case:
A spiral-shaped steel/concrete intake guiding the flow into the
wicket gates located just prior to the turbine.
This maintains a constant flow rate despite the fact that
numerous openings have been provided for the fluid to enter the
blades, as the cross-sectional area of this casing decreases
uniformly along the circumference.
Functions of scroll case:
1.By providing decreasing area of casing in proportionate to the
volume leaving the casing ,the velocity of water is maintained
constant along the path.
2.To avoid loss of head scroll or spiral casing is provided
3.In low head up to 40m,concrete spiral case is provided but for
high head greater than 40m ,steel spiral case is provided.
62. Scroll Case, Draft tube an tailrace
canal and their importance
Draft tube:
A water conduit, which can be straight or
curved depending upon the turbine
installation, which maintains a column of
water from the turbine outlet and the
downstream water level.
65. Scroll Case, Draft tube an tailrace
canal and their importance
Tailrace:
The tail race, containing tail water, is a channel that
carries water away from a hydroelectric plant or water wheel. The
water in this channel has already been used to rotate turbine blades or
the water wheel itself. This water has served its purpose, and leaves
the power generation unit or water wheel area.
In hydroelectric dams, the tail race is at a much lower level than the
height of the reservoir behind the dam.
68. Governing of Impulse turbine
Governing in case of
impulse turbine is
regulation of quantity of
water rejected from nozzle
for controlling the speed of
turbine as load varies.
69. Governing of Impulse turbine
Parts:
Oil sump with oil
Relay/Control valve with piston/piston rod
Cylinder with piston connected to
spear(servomotor)
Impulse turbine
Governor
Nozzle
Bell crank
Oil pump
Pipes connecting oil sump with control valve and
servomotor
71. Working principle of governors in
Francis(Reaction) turbines
Governing of reaction turbine is
related to
regulation of water
rejected from guide vanes
and
For controlling the speed of
turbine as the load varies
72. Working principle of governors in
Francis(Reaction) turbines
Parts:
Reaction turbine with rotor and guide
vanes
Oil sump
Relay/control valve
Cylinder with piston and linking
mechanism connected to guide vanes
which open and close guide vanes
Governor
Pipes connecting from oil sump to
control valve and then to cylinder with
linking mechanism
75. Introduction to generator and
their types
Two types of generators are:
Synchronous generator:
They run isolated from the grid and produce power. They
are expensive than induction generator.
Asynchronous generator/Induction generator:
They run connected to the grid .