The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of wind power, highlighting its potential for clean, renewable energy production and mentions challenges such as intermittent wind strength and noise disturbances. It details the components and functions of wind turbines, including the differences between vertical-axis and horizontal-axis designs. Additionally, it explores the integration of wind turbines into building design for sustainable energy solutions, emphasizing the importance of regulatory considerations and case studies like the World Trade Center in Bahrain.

1. WIND TURBINE
INTEGRATED WITH INTELLIGENT BUILDING
BY: AR. SIMRAN AGGARWAL

2. Disadvantages of Wind Power
• The strength of the wind is not constant and it varies
• from zero to storm force. This means that wind turbines
• do not produce the same amount of electricity all the
• time.
• Noise Disturbances : Though wind energy is non
• pollution, the turbines may create a lot of noise.
• Threat to Wildlife : Due to large scale construction of
• wind turbines on remote location, it could be a threat to
• wild life near by.
• Birds are killed by wind turbines.

3. Advantages of Wind Power
• The wind blows day and night, which allows windmills to
• produce electricity throughout the day.
• Wind power is very low cost (after the initial production
• and installation)
• Wind power is clean and renewable and sustainable
• resource.
• Wind energy is a domestic, renewable source of energy
• that generates no pollution and has little environmental
• impact.
• Land used for wind farms can also be used for other
• profitable activities including farming and forestry.
• Remote areas that are not connected to the electricity
• power grid can use wind turbines to produce their own
• supply.

5. -

9. • Building integrated wind turbine concept designThe
principle of building integrated wind turbine aims to reduce
negative impacts on the environment and humanhealth and
is therefore more sustainable than conventional
construction methods .
• There are three significantdrives are shifting land owners
forward green buildings :
I. Unstable energy prices that always rising because of
limited availability of oil and gas.
II. Healthy quality of live. American spend 90 percent of
their time indoors, where asthma and allergy attacks
canbe triggered by air pollutions. With detail ventilation
design could reduce the negative effect.
III. Global warming and climate change.

11. COMPONENTS
Anemometer:
Measures the wind speed and transmits wind speed data to the controller.
Blades:
Lifts and rotates when wind is blown over them, causing the rotor to spin. Most
turbines have either two or three blades.
Brake:
Stops the rotor mechanically, electrically, or hydraulically, in emergencies.
Controller:
Starts up the machine at wind speeds of about 8 to 16 miles per hour (mph) and
shuts off the machine at about 55 mph. Turbines do not operate at wind speeds
above about 55 mph because they may be damaged by the high winds.
Gear box:
Connects the low-speed shaft to the high-speed shaft and increases the rotational
speeds from about 30-60 rotations per minute (rpm), to about 1,000-1,800 rpm;
this is the rotational speed required by most generators to produce electricity. The
gear box is a costly (and heavy) part of the wind turbine and engineers are
exploring "direct-drive" generators that operate at lower rotational speeds and don't
need gear boxes.
Generator:
Produces 60-cycle AC electricity; it is usually an off-the-shelf induction generator.
High-speed shaft:
Drives the generator.
Low-speed shaft:
Turns the low-speed shaft at about 30-60 rpm.

12. Nacelle:
Sits atop the tower and contains the gear box, low- and high-speed shafts,
generator, controller, and brake. Some nacelles are large enough for a
helicopter to land on.
Pitch:
Turns (or pitches) blades out of the wind to control the rotor speed, and to keep
the rotor from turning in winds that are too high or too low to produce electricity.
Rotor:
Blades and hub together form the rotor.
Tower:
Made from tubular steel (shown here), concrete, or steel lattice. Supports the
structure of the turbine. Because wind speed increases with height, taller towers
enable turbines to capture more energy and generate more electricity.
Wind direction:
Determines the design of the turbine. Upwind turbines—like the one shown
here—face into the wind while downwind turbines face away.
Wind vane:
Measures wind direction and communicates with the yaw drive to orient the
turbine properly with respect to the wind.
Yaw drive:
Orients upwind turbines to keep them facing the wind when the direction
changes. Downwind turbines don't require a yaw drive because the wind
manually blows the rotor away from it.
Yaw motor:
Powers the yaw drive.

13. WIND
ENERGY
MACRO
Large-scale energy generation such as
wind farms, and micro wind turbines
used for local electricity production
MICRO
Application at the building scale and are
called ‘building-integrated wind
turbines

14. CONFIGURATIONS OF WIND TURBINE
• Vertical-axis wind
turbines, in which the
axis of rotation is
vertical with respect to
the ground (and roughly
perpendicular to the
wind stream)
• Horizontal-axis
turbines, in which the
axis of rotation is
horizontal with respect
to the ground (and
roughly parallel to the
wind stream.)
Small wind turbines were originally designed with a horizontal axis, also known as HAWTs. To reduce the need
for a high tower, and for aesthetic reasons, vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) become increasingly popular
for integrated building applications. Furthermore, VAWTs are also quieter (resulting in less noise nuisance)
than HAWTs during operation

18. INSTALLATION
Feasibility and the suitable types of wind turbines to be
implemented in a particular area
1. Reducing or removing subsidies for fossil-fuel-based
electricity supply.
2. Reducing or removing import tariffs on wind turbine
components.
3. Clearly identifying power grid expansion plans (for rural
and remote areas) and communicating these plans clearly
to the public. This is necessary for building developers to
calculate payback period in the decision making process
to invest and implement wind turbine off-grid systems
including wind home systems.
4. Setting up smart grid and incentivising feed-in tariff (in
urbanised areas) as a platform to promote wind turbines
for on-grid use.

19. IN ADDITION TO…..
Local building and construction authorities should
regulate the installation of building integrated wind
turbines in the following aspects:
• Structure safety
• Noise pollution control
• Grid connection
• Urban-scape design guidelines.

20. Another important factor for large-scale implementation of
building integrated wind turbines is capacity building,
especially in the following areas:
• Technical knowledge to compute, simulate and deploy
appropriate types of wind turbines at appropriate locations
to maximise their performance and aesthetic integration
with buildings and urban-scape
• Installation skills and techniques for local workforce
• Maintenance procedures for building owners and facility
management personnel
• Manufacture of micro wind turbines and related
components. In this way, the products are locally available
with low embodied carbon, and at the same time the local
green economy is supported with new jobs creation and
income sources.

22. Planning Permission: Building
mounted wind turbines
• Permitted development rights for building mounted wind turbines apply only to
installations on detached houses (not blocks of flats) and other detached
buildings within the boundaries of a house or block of flats. A block of flats must
consist wholly of flats (e.g. should not also contain commercial premises).
• Development is permitted only if the building mounted wind turbine installation
complies with the Microgeneration Certification Scheme Planning Standards
(MCS 020) or equivalent standards. Read more about the scheme.
• The installation must not be sited on safeguarded land. An Aviation
Safeguarding Tool can be used to check whether the installation will be on
safeguarded land.
• Only the first installation of any wind turbine would be permitted development,
and only if there is no existing air source heat pump at the property. Additional
wind turbines or air source heat pumps at the same property requires an
application for planning permission.
• No part (including blades) of the building mounted wind turbine should
protrude more than three metres above the highest part of the roof (excluding
the chimney) or exceed an overall height (including building, hub and blade) of
15 metres, whichever is the lesser.

23. • The distance between ground level and the lowest part of any wind turbine
blade must not be less than five metres.
• No part of the building mounted wind turbine (including blades) must be within
five metres of any boundary.
• The swept area of any building mounted wind turbine blade must be no more
than 3.8 square metres.
• In Conservation Areas, an installation is not permitted if the building mounted
wind turbine would be on a wall or roof slope which fronts a highway.
• Permitted development rights do not apply to a turbine within the curtilage of a
Listed Building or within a site designated as a Scheduled Monument or on
designated land* other than Conservation Areas.
• In addition, the following conditions must also be met. The wind turbine must:
• use non-reflective materials on blades.
• be removed as soon as reasonably practicable when no longer needed for
microgeneration.
• be sited, so far as practicable, to minimise its effect on the external appearance
of the building and its effect on the amenity of the area.

24. Case study
WORLD TRADE CENTRE, BAHRAIN
YEAR- 2004 to 2008

25. • Inspired by Arabian wind
towers, the sail-shaped
towers funnel the sea
breeze into the three wind
turbines.
They act as aero-foils,
funnelling and
accelerating the wind
velocity between them.
The vertical sculpting of
the towers also
progressively reduces the
pressure so that when
combined with the rising
velocity of the onshore
breeze at increasing
heights, a near equal
regime of wind velocity on
each turbine is achieved.

27. • Understanding this phenomenon has been a key
factor behind the success of this design. Extensive
wind tunnel testing also confirmed how the shapes
and spatial relationship of the towers sculpt the
airflow, creating an ‘S’ flow. This ensures that
within a 45° wind angle either side of the central
axis, the centre of the wind stream remains
perpendicular to the turbines. In this way, the
turbines’ potential to generate power is
dramatically increased.

28. • The shape of the towers channels the airflow
through the turbines, improving their function and
energy generation output. 3 turbines are each
supported by an individual 30m bridge spanning
between the two towers.
Connected to generators, the wind turbines feed
power to the building’s grid, reducing the load on
external power sources and providing financial
benefits to the occupants.