drilling enginering

1. Drilling Engineering
Brainstorm Education Center

2. Lecture I
Rotary drilling rig

3. Rig Components
Drilling rig equipment can
be categorised into:
Power system;
Hoisting system;
Circulating system ;
Rotary system;
Well control system
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4. Rig Components
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Power system;

5. The hoisting system
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6. The hoisting system
• The principal function of the rig hoisting system is to
facilitate lowering or raising drillstrings, casing strings
and other equipment in to or out of the hole.
• Most importantly, the purpose of the hoisting system
is also to keep tension on the drillpipe while weight is
applied to the bit by the drill collars.
• The drillpipe has relatively thin walls and would bend
and break if it were used to put weight on the bit.
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7. Rig Components
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Hoisting System

8. Rig Components
13.Drawworks
• Provide the hoisting and braking power required to
raise or lower heavy string of pipe
• The principle parts of the drawworks are:Thedrum, the
brake, the transmission and the catheads
• It also stores the
drilling line to move
the traveling block the
length of the derrick
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9. Rig Components
1. Crown block
the stationary section that contains a set of pulleys or
sheaves through which the drill line is threaded or
reeved and is opposite and above the traveling block.
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10. Rig Components
4. traveling block
• Basically a block and pulley
arrangement are used to lift the
drill pipe, drill collars and bit in
and out of the hole
• Supports most of the weight of
the string while drilling
• Crown blocks are a series of
pulleys on the top of the derrick
• Traveling blocks –below the
crown blocks -complete with
drilling line as viewed from above

11. Rig Components
5. Hook
The J-shaped hook hangs from the traveling block
and picks up heavy loads. The photograph to the left
shows a swivel and hook. In the photograph to the
right, the hook is picking up the swivel and the kelly.
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12. Rig Components
7. Elevator
To ensure that drillstring components do not fall into the wellbore,
elevators are used when lifting or lowering the drillstring. They
attached to th hook.
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13. Rig Components
2. Mast or Derrick
• A derrick or mast is the steel tower-like structure whose
function is to support the traveling and crown blocks, the
weight of the drillstring, and the drillpipe and drill collars
when they are pulled out of the hole.
• Derricks can handle sections called stands, which are
composed of two, three, or four joints of drillpipe. Because
common drillpipes are between 8 and 10 m long
(approximately 26 to 33 ft), a derrick designed to handle
three-drillpipe stands will be taller than a 10-story building.
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14. Rig Components
3. Monkey board
• The monkey board is
where the derrick
man works while trip
in hole (TIH) or trip
out of hole (TOH)
pipe.
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15. Rig Components
16. doghouse
A small enclosure on the rig floor used as an office for
the driller or as a storehouse for small objects.
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16. Rig Components
19. catwalk
The ramp at the side of the drilling rig where pipe
is laid to be lifted to the derrick floor
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17. Rotary system
• The rotary system is used
to rotate the drillstring, and
therefore the drillbit, on the
bottom of the borehole.
• The rotary system includes
all the equipment used to
achieve bit rotation.

18. Rotary system
Conventional Rotary System
• Rotary table
• Kelly
Top-drive System
Integrates the Kelly, rotary
table, and bushings into
one unit that drives the pipe
from the top.
• Kelly bushing
• Master bushing
• Swivel
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19. Rig Components
• During drilling operations, in
every connection, a new pipe
is added below the Kelly
• To avoid premature wear in
the kelly’s threads, a kelly
saver sub is used between the
kelly and the first joint of
drillpipe
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20. Rig Components
6. Swivel
• It is a connecting point between the
circulating system and the rotary system.
• The swivel is located at the top of the Kelly.
• It also allows mud to be pumped down to the
drill string while the string rotates
• The upper section of the swivel has a bail for
connection to the elevator hook, and the
gooseneck of the swivel provides a
downward-pointing connection for the rotary
hose.
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21. Rig Components
Rotary swivel (Steven M. Hain Company, Inc. 2010)
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22. Rig Components
9. Kelly bushing
The kelly bushing connects the
kelly to the rotary table.
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23. Rig Components
10. Master bushing
The master bushing turns the Kelly bushing.
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24. Rig Components
11. mousehole:
Is the storage area on a
drilling rig where the next
joint of drilling pipe is held
until needed.
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25. Rig Components
12. Rathole
is the hole through the rig floor where the kelly can be
stored when it has to be disconnected.
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26. Rotary system
The top drive:
• Modern rigs use a topdrive to replace the
kelly, kelly bushings, and rotary table.
• Uses a power swivel at the top of drill
string in place of the Kelly to rotate the drill
string. The power swivel connects to the
travelling block
• The power swivel is powered by large
electric motor remotely controlled from the
driller console.
• It allows 90-foot stands to be added to drill
string instead of the conventional 30-foot
stands saving rig time
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27. Rig Components
8. Kelly
The kelly transfers rotary motion from the rotary table or
kelly bushing to the drillstring. It is 40-42 feet. Attached
to the drill pipe.
rotary table
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28. Rig Components
• the first section of pipe
below the swivel
• The outside cross section
of the kelly is square or
(most commonly)
hexagonal to permit it to
be gripped easily for
turning
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29. Circulating system
 To circulate drilling fluid
down through the drillstring
and up the annulus,
carrying the drilled cuttings
from the face of the bit to
surface.
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30. Rig Components
23. mud return line (flowline)
The flowline is simply an inclined, gravity-flow conduit to
direct mud coming out the top of the wellbore to the mud
surface-treating equipment.
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31. Mud Pumps
Positive displacement type
pumps are used (reciprocating
pistons) to deliver the high
volumes and high pressures
required to circulate mud
through the drillstring and up
the annulus.
There are two types of positive
displacement pumps in
common use:
 Duplex (2 cylinders) - double
acting
 Triplex (3 cylinders) - single
acting
Circulation System

32. Piston Porşen
Circulation System

33. Dublex Pump Triplex Pump
Circulation System

34. Rig Components
17. rotary hose
visible in the lower right of the photograph, connects the
standpipe to the swivel and allows drilling fluid to
circulate while the drillstring rotates.
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35. Rig Components
24. Shale shaker:
• first phase of a solids control system on a drilling rig
• used to remove large solids (sizes >74µm) (cuttings) from the
drilling fluid ("Mud").
• Removes about 22 –27% of drilled solids.
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36. Rig Components
25. choke manifold
choke manifold systems manage well pressure
fluctuations encountered during drilling by diverting flow
through a series of valves and chokes.
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37. Rig Components
26. mud gas separator
It captures and separates large volume of free gas
within the drilling fluid.
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38. Rig Components
27. degasser:
A degasser is a device used in drilling to remove small
amount of entrained gas from drilling fluid
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39. Rig Components
28. Reserve Pit:
used in conjunction with drilling rig for collecting spent drilling
fluids; cuttings, sands, and silts
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40. Rig Components
30 & 31. Desander & Desilter
• Desanders and desilters are solid control equipment with
a set of hydrocyclones that separate sand and silt from
the drilling fluids in drilling rigs.
• Desanders are installed on top of the mud tank following
the shale shaker and the degasser, but before the desilter.
• The desander removes the abrasive solids (sizes 45 - 74
μm) which cannot be removed by shakers
• The desilter removes the particles (sizes 15 – 44 μm).
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41. Rig Components
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42. Rig Components
Drillstring:
composed of two major portions, the drillpipes (27 to 30 ft or 8
to 9 m) and the bottomhole assembly (BHA)
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43. Rig Components
Drillstring:
composed of two major portions, the drillpipes and the
bottomhole assembly (BHA)
Drill pipe
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44. Rig Components
• The BHA is the lower section of the drillstring.
• most of the BHA is composed of drill collars.
• The drill collars are thick-walled, heavy steel tubulars
used to apply weight to the bit.
• The buckling tendency of the relatively thin walled
drillpipe is too great to use it for this purpose. The
smaller clearance between the borehole and the drill
collars helps to keep the hole straight.
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45. Rig Components
Drill bit
• The bit is at the bottom of the
drill string
• Fluid travels through the bit
where pressure is changed to
velocity by nozzles to allow the
fluid to clean the cuttings out
from under the bit
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46. Circulating system
Mud travel is as follows:
• Mud Tanks
• Mud Pump or pumps
• Surface Lines
• Standpipe (along derrick leg)
• Rotary or Kelly hose
• Gooseneck, Swivel
• Kelly
• Drill Pipe & Collars
• Bit and bit nozzles
• Up the drill string / open hole annulus
to surface
• Shale shaker
• Mud Tanks
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47. Rig Components
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48. Well control system
The function of the well control
system is to prevent the
uncontrolled flow of formation
fluids from the wellbore.
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49. Well control system
Ram Type Preventor
Annular Type Preventor

50. Rig Components
Failure to do this results in the uncontrolled flow of
fluids - known as blo out - which may cause loss of
lives and equipment, damage to the environment and
the loss of oil or gas reserves.
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51. Rig Components
Blow out preventors (BOPs) must be installed to cope
with any kicks that may occur. BOPs are basically high
pressure valves which seal off the top of the well.
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52. Rig Components
• Mud flow meter or pit level indicator will trigger
alarms and alert the rig crew of any influx
• The well can be closed in with the BOP if necessary
• BOPs must be installed before drilling even begins
• BOPs are hydraulically operated high pressure
valves sealing off the annular space with rubber
element or entire well bore by driving metal ram
across it
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