220705180062 cyanotoxin.pptx
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Cyanotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria that are classified into four main classes based on their toxicological targets: hepatotoxins, cytotoxins, neurotoxins, and dermatotoxins. Microcystin-LR is the most well-studied hepatotoxic cyanotoxin. Methods for detecting cyanotoxins in environmental samples include microscopy analysis, physiochemical methods, and microarray techniques. Cyanotoxins can affect human health if contaminated water or food is consumed, potentially causing gastrointestinal symptoms, liver damage, and neurological effects.
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Metagenomics .pptx
This slide lecture is for students seeking help regarding Metagenomics. Do remember me in your prayers.
Metagenomics Applications, Metagenomics working principles , Metagenomic libraries
, Metagenomic Techniques , Metagenomics limitations and other topics are elaborated in this Slideshare.
Metagenomics , Applications, Techniques And Limitations .pptx
Environmental Biology best presentation |
Metagenomics | Molecular approach | shotgun technique | Sequencing Methods | History of Metagenomics | Metagenomics in Future | The Future of Environmental biology | Environmental Microbiology
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Inductive Toxic-Mopping (IT-m) and Carotenogenic Bioconversion Properties of ...
Environmental impurities and degrading substances are major causes of pollution. On-going efforts
to cut the world’s carbon emission have been an uphill battle with the unknown. Because of the importance of
some photosynthetic bacteria, viable, efficient and environment-friendly biological remediation researches have
therefore become inevitably important. In search of these criteria, there was the need for the logical merger of
efficacy of the mop-up capability of the biological agents and productive beneficial end-results. We studied the
previously identified thermophilic species of photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodocista pekingensis isolated from a
local hot spring in Malaysia. Inductive Toxic-mopping (IT-m) technique was used to assess the production of
bacteriocarotenoids by metabolic bioconversion process of eight toxic chemical compounds by Rhodocista
pekingensis. Results showed a positive response to four of the toxic chemical compounds with the production of
65±5 mg/L, 63±3 mg/L, 59±3 mg/L and 53±6 mg/L yields of raw bacteriocarotenoid in DMSO, Methanol,
Isopropyl alcohol and Dubai crude respectively when compared with 65±3 mg/l of raw bacteriocarotenoid
produced in the Control experiment. Four of the toxic compounds were efficient to trigger carotenogenic
processes needed in the production of beneficial bacteriocarotenoids, two were mild and two others were
inadequate to trigger a substantial process. The improvement in carotenoid production with the assimilated
toxic chemicals corroborated the efficiency of the Inductive Toxic-mopping Bioremediation pattern and
beneficial convertibility of chemical wastes by Rhodocista pekingensis
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2) Standard tests for genotoxicity including the Ames test, micronucleus assay, and comet assay.
3) Mechanisms of action by which genotoxic substances can damage DNA and mechanisms like point mutations and chromosomal mutations.
4) The importance of genotoxicity studies in identifying substances that can damage genetic material.
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(LSBU毕业证书)伦敦南岸大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(LSBU毕业证书)伦敦南岸大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
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办理(LSBU毕业证书)伦敦南岸大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(LSBU毕业证书)伦敦南岸大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
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Who applies for building permit?
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Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
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Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
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Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
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Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
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Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
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In this slides I explain how I have used storytelling techniques to elevate websites and brands and create memorable user experiences. You can discover practical tips as I showcase the elements of good storytelling and its applied to some examples of diverse brands/projects..
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一比一原版(BU毕业证)波士顿大学毕业证如何办理
BU毕业证学位证【微信95270640】办理BU毕业证【Q微信95270640】波士顿大学毕业证书原版↑制作波士顿大学学历认证文凭办理波士顿大学留信网认证,留学回国办理毕业证成绩单文凭学历认证【Q微信95270640】专业为海外学子办理毕业证成绩单、文凭制作，学历仿制，回国人员证明、做文凭，研究生、本科、硕士学历认证、留信认证、结业证、学位证书样本、美国教育部认证百分百真实存档可查】
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- 1. CYANOTOXINS Submitted By Name-Prangya Lipsa Biswal Branch-M.Sc in Zoology School-School of Applied Sciences Department of Zoology Guided by-Dr.Sunita Satpathy Regd no-220705180062
- 2. • INTRODUCTION • CYANOTOXINS AND ITS CLASSIFICATIONS • METHODS FOR DETECTION OF CYANOTOXIN IN ENVIROMENTAL SAMPLES • CYANOTOXINS:EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH • CONCLUSION • REFERENCES CONTENTS:
- 3. • The word Cyanotoxin refers to diverse group of secondary metabolites produced by various genera of Cyanobacteria. • Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria which are mostly found in fresh water systems. • Due to their long evolutionary story,they have adapted to climatic,geochemical and anthropogenic changes. • Cyanobacteria have a key role in maintaining the environmental balance as well as the biodiversity of microorganisms and higher organism communities. • Microcystin-LR is the most well studied hepatotoxic cytotoxin. INTRODUCTION: Fig1 Microcystin LR
- 4. • Cyanotoxins are usually classified in four classes according to their toxicological target: 1)Hepatoxins 2)cytotoxins 3) Neurotoxins 4) Dermatoxins • Hepatoxins act on liver. Example of toxins (Microcystins and Nodularin). • Cytotoxins produe both hepatoxic and neurotoxic effect Ex:- Cylidrospermopsin. • Neurotoxins cause injury on the nervous system Ex: Anatoxins,Saxitoxins and Beta-Methylamino- L-Lipopolysaccarides. • Dermatotoxins is synthesized by blue green algae.These are harmful compounds that target human skin like irritation, allergic contact dermatitis etc. CYANOTOXINS AND ITS CLASSIFICATION
- 6. METHODS FOR DETECTION OF CYANOTOXINS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES Microsopy Analysis: • Microscopy Analysis have been traditionally employed for the monitoring of cyanobacterial communities in water bodies. • Their use enables the taxonomic analysis of micro organisms present in a cyanobaterial bloom, Fig2 Fig3
- 7. CYANOTOXINS AND ITS CLASSIFICATIONS: • Cyanotoxins are a large group of phycotoxins produced by certain species of cyanobacteria. • It is found intracellularly and released if cell dies or is lysed. • Microcystin-LR is the most well studied hepatotoxic cyanotoxin. • Cyanotoxins are usually classified in 4 classessacording to thei tonological target 1) Hepatoxins2)Cytotoxins3)Neurotoxins 4)Dermatoxins Physiochemical methods: • Physiochemical parameters including whether nutrients availability or presence of photo pigments can be used to evaluate the growth condition of phytoplankton in water bodies. • The weather seems to have an impact on blooms promoting their manifestation through the modification of the seasonal patterns. • Photo pigments are distributed among planktonic community providing valuable information on different organisms in an eco system. Fig4
- 8. • Microarray is a technique used to make a screening of gene expression on on a genomic scale. • The gene profile is analysed in a quickly and efficient manner by using a solid surface. • The techniques can be adopted to perform gene expression analysis by using RNA. • From an environmental sample, the Desoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) of interest is amplified, fluorescently labelled and hybridised to a microarray chip. When the target sequence recognises the probes immobilised on the chip surface, a fluorescent hybridsation signal can be visualised, so providing information about the detected genes and their levels of expression. Microarray: Fig5
- 9. CYANOTOXINS effect on Human health Fig6
- 10. CYANOTOXINS EFFECT ON HUMAN HEALTH • People exposed to Cyanotoxins by eating contaminated food or dietary supplements or by swallowing contaminated water. • Cyano toxins involved in stomach pain , Headache neurological symptoms Ex: Muscle weakness, dizziness. • Microcystin-LR is the most well studied hepatotoxic cyanotoxin. • If water containing cyanobacteria toxin is swallowed.Common gastrointestinal symptoms causes.
- 11. CONCLUSION • Cyanotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Cyanobacteria under eutropic conditions. • Anthropogenic & environmental factors can induce the rapid growth of cyanobacteria with consequent formation of blooms which represent a serious risk of toxicity .
- 12. REFERENCES • Sanseverino,I., Conduto D.,Pazzali ,L,Dobricic,s & Lettleri T.,Algal bloom and Its economic impact ReportNo EUR 27905 EN (2016) • Boopathi T.& Ki J.S.Impactof Environmental fator on the regulation of cyanotoxin Production Toxins (Basel) 6 1951- 1978 dol10 3390/toxins6071951 (2014). • Blaha, L Babica,P & Marsalek,B. Toxins produed in cyanobateriarial water blooms+toxicity and risks interdiscip Toxical 2,36-41do:10,2478/v10102-009-0006-2 (2009).