These Notes from the class of BS EDUCATION 1st Semester (Spring) Session 2023-2027 Teacher :Ch Naveed Afzal
semester started in march 2023 and end in july 2023
Input Devices-Keyboard, Mouse, Trackball, Joystick, Scanner and Types, Barcode Reader, Voice Recognition, Web Camera, Optical character recognition, Optical Mark recognition, Monitor, Printer and Types, Plotter
peripheral device, also known as peripheral, computer peripheral, input-output device, or input/output device, any of various devices (including sensors) used to enter information and instructions into a computer for storage or processing and to deliver the processed data to a human operator or, in some cases, a machine controlled by the computer. Such devices make up the peripheral equipment of modern digital computer systems.
Peripherals are commonly divided into three kinds: input devices, output devices, and storage devices (which partake of the characteristics of the first two). An input device converts incoming data and instructions into a pattern of electrical signals in binary code that are comprehensible to a digital computer. An output device reverses the process, translating the digitized signals into a form intelligible to the user. At one time punched-card and paper-tape readers were extensively used for inputting, but these have now been supplanted by more efficient devices.
These Notes from the class of BS EDUCATION 1st Semester (Spring) Session 2023-2027 Teacher :Ch Naveed Afzal
semester started in march 2023 and end in july 2023
Input Devices-Keyboard, Mouse, Trackball, Joystick, Scanner and Types, Barcode Reader, Voice Recognition, Web Camera, Optical character recognition, Optical Mark recognition, Monitor, Printer and Types, Plotter
peripheral device, also known as peripheral, computer peripheral, input-output device, or input/output device, any of various devices (including sensors) used to enter information and instructions into a computer for storage or processing and to deliver the processed data to a human operator or, in some cases, a machine controlled by the computer. Such devices make up the peripheral equipment of modern digital computer systems.
Peripherals are commonly divided into three kinds: input devices, output devices, and storage devices (which partake of the characteristics of the first two). An input device converts incoming data and instructions into a pattern of electrical signals in binary code that are comprehensible to a digital computer. An output device reverses the process, translating the digitized signals into a form intelligible to the user. At one time punched-card and paper-tape readers were extensively used for inputting, but these have now been supplanted by more efficient devices.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
2. Following are some of the important input devices which
are used in a computer −
Keyboard
Mouse
Joy Stick
Light pen
Track Ball
Scanner
Graphic Tablet
Microphone
Magnetic Ink Card Reader(MICR)
Optical Character Reader(OCR)
Bar Code Reader
Optical Mark Reader(OMR)
3. KEYBOARD
Keyboard is the most common and very popular input device which helps to
input data to the computer. The layout of the keyboard is like that of traditional
typewriter, although there are some additional keys provided for performing
additional functions.
Keyboards are of two sizes 84keys or 101/102keys, but now keyboards with 104
keys or 108keys are also available for Windows and Internet.
The keys on the keyboard are as follows −
Typing Keys
These keys include the letter keys (A-Z) and digit keys (09) which generally give
the same layout as that of typewriters.
2Numeric Keypad
It is used to enter the numeric data or cursor movement. Generally, it consists of
a set of 17 keys that are laid out in the same configuration used by most adding
machines and calculators.
3Function Keys
The twelve function keys are present on the keyboard which are arranged in a
row at the top of the keyboard. Each function key has a unique meaning and is
used for some specific purpose.
4. 4 Control keys
These keys provide cursor and screen control. It includes four directional arrow
keys. Control keys also include Home, End, Insert, Delete, Page Up, Page
Down, Control(Ctrl),Alternate(Alt), Escape(Esc).
5 Special Purpose Keys
Keyboard also contains some special purpose keys such as Enter, Shift, Caps
Lock, Num Lock, Space bar, Tab, and Print Screen.
5. Mouse
Mouse is the most popular pointing device. It is a very
famous cursor-control device having a small palm size box
with a round ball at its base, which senses the movement
of the mouse and sends corresponding signals to the CPU
when the mouse buttons are pressed.
Generally, it has two buttons called the left and the right
button and a wheel is present between the buttons. A
mouse can be used to control the position of the cursor on
the screen, but it cannot be used to enter text into the
computer.
Advantages
Easy to use
Not very expensive
Moves the cursor faster
than the arrow keys of the keyboard.
6. Joystick
Joystick is also a pointing device, which is used to move
the cursor position on a monitor screen. It is a stick having
a spherical ball at its both lower and upper ends. The
lower spherical ball moves in a socket. The joystick can be
moved in all four directions.
The function of the joystick is similar to that of a mouse. It
is mainly used in Computer Aided Designing (CAD) and
playing computer games.
7. Light Pen
Light pen is a pointing device similar to a pen. It is
used to select a displayed menu item or draw
pictures on the monitor screen. It consists of a
photocell and an optical system placed in a small
tube.
When the tip of a light pen is moved over the monitor
screen and the pen button is pressed, its photocell
sensing element detects the screen location and sends
the corresponding signal to the CPU.
8. Track Ball
Track ball is an input device that is mostly used in
notebook or laptop computer, instead of a mouse.
Thisis a ball which is half inserted and by moving
fingers on the ball, the pointer can be moved.
Since the whole device is not moved, a track ball
requires less space than a mouse. A track ball comes
in various shapes like a ball, a button, or a square.
9. Scanner
Scanner is an input device, which works more like a
photocopy machine. It is used when some information
is available on paper and it is to be transferred to the
hard disk of the computer for further manipulation.
Scanner captures images from the source which are
then converted into a digital form that can be stored
on the disk. These images can be edited before they
are printed.
10. Digitizer
Digitizer is an input device which converts analog
information into digital form. Digitizer can convert a signal
from the television or camera into a series of numbers that
could be stored in a computer. They can be used by the
computer to create a picture of whatever the camera had
been pointed at.
Digitizer is also known as Tablet or Graphics Tablet as it
converts graphics and pictorial data into binary inputs. A
graphic tablet as digitizer is used for fine works of
drawing and image manipulation applications
11. Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR)
MICR input device is generally used in banks as there
are large number of cheques to be processed every
day. The bank's code number and cheque number are
printed on the cheques with a special type of ink that
contains particles of magnetic material that are
machine readable.
This reading process is called Magnetic Ink Character
Recognition (MICR). The main advantages of MICR is
that it is fast and less error prone.
`
12. Optical Character Reader (OCR)
OCR is an input device used to read a printed text.
OCR scans the text optically, character by character,
converts them into a machine readable code, and
stores the text on the system memory.
13. Bar Code Readers
Bar Code Reader is a device used for reading bar
coded data (data in the form of light and dark lines).
Bar coded data is generally used in labelling goods,
numbering the books, etc. It may be a handheld
scanner or may be embedded in a stationary scanner.
Bar Code Reader scans a bar code image, converts it
into an alphanumeric value, which is then fed to the
computer that the bar code reader is connected to.
14. Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
OMR is a special type of optical scanner used to
recognize the type of mark made by pen or
pencil. It is used where one out of a few
alternatives is to be selected and marked.
It is specially used for checking the answer
sheets of examinations having multiple choice
questions.
15. Touch screen
It is the display screen of a device such as a
smartphone, tablet, etc., that allows users to interact
or provide inputs to the device by using their finger.
Today, most of the electronic devices
touchscreen as an alternative to a
come with
mouse for
navigating a graphical user interface. For example,
by touching, you can unlock your phone, open emails,
open files, play videos, etc. Besides this, it is used in
lots of devices such as Camera, Car GPS, Fitness
machine, etc.