Bioremediation, Bioaugmentation and it's types

1. VIVEKANANDA ART’S AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
VEERACHIPACHIPALAIYAM – 637 330,SANKARI,SALEM, TAMILNADU.
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
SUBJECT : BIOREMEDIATION
BIOAGUMENTATION AND ITS TYPES
PREPARED BY :
M.GOMATHI,
1’ST M.SC MICROBIOLOGY.
GUIDED BY :
Dr.R . DINESH KUMAR,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY.

2. BIOAGUMENTATION :
• Bioaugmentation is defined as “the introduction of cultured
microorganisms into a contaminated environment in order to
enhance bioremediation of pollutants.”
• Biological augmentation is the addition of archaea or bacterial
cultures required to speed up the rate of degradation of a
contaminant.
• Organisms that originate from contaminated areas may already be
able to break down waste, but perhaps inefficiently and slowly.

3. BIOAGUMENTATION PROCESS :

4. • Bioaugmentation is the addition of microorganisms that have the
ability to biodegrade recalcitrant molecules in the polluted
environment.
• This approach is less-costly and friendlier to environment compared
to the physico-chemical approaches.
• Bioaugmentation is used to biodegrade specific soil and groundwater
contaminants. It involves adding cultured microorganisms into the
subsurface to biodegrade the desired contaminants.
• In many cases, these microorganisms are “specialists” in degrading
specific target contaminants.

5. IN SITU BIOAGUMENTATION :
• Bioaugmentation is an in situ bioremediation technique that consists
of adding indigenous or exogenous (non-indigenous) microorganisms
to contaminated soil or groundwater to enhance or supersede the
existing microbial population.
• Bioaugmentation is the addition of microorganisms that have the
ability to biodegrade recalcitrant molecules in the polluted
environment.
• In situ bioremediation can be understood as the method by which,
under natural conditions, pesticides are biologically degraded to
either carbon dioxide and water or a mitigated transformation
product.

6. TYPE OF IN-SITU BIOAGUMENTATION :
• Genetic bioaugmentation is an in situ bioremediation method that
stimulates horizontal transfer of catabolic plasmids between
exogenous donor cells and indigenous bacteria.
• To increase the bioBioaugmentation is an in situ bioremediation
technique that consists of adding indigenous or exogenous (non-
indigenous) microorganisms to contaminated soil or groundwater to
enhance or supersede the existing microbial population.
• These include Natural Attenuation, Composting, Bioslurping,
Bioventing, Biosparging and microbe assisted Phytoremediation to
name a few.

7. ENGINEERED IN SITU
BIOAGUMENTATION TYPES :
1.FOOD INDUSTRY :Microbiology is important to food safety,
production, processing, preservation, and storage.
• Microbes such as bacteria, molds, and yeasts are employed for the
foods production and food ingredients such as production of wine,
beer, bakery, and dairy products.
• Industrial Microbiology is a branch of applied microbiology in which
microorganisms are used for the production of important substances,
such as antibiotics, food products, enzymes, amino acids, vaccines,
and fine chemicals.
• Food microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that inhabit,
create, or contaminate food (Fratamico and Bayles, 2005).

8. CONTINUE :
2.INOCULATION :In simple terms, inoculation in microbiology is the
process of introducing microbes into a culture media so that it
reproduces there.
• Commonly, it is used in the introduction of vaccines, serum or any
antigenic substance in the body so as to boost immunity against a
particular disease.
• Inoculate ih-NAHK-yuh-layt inoculate. 1 a : to introduce a
microorganism into.
• Growth. C : to introduce immunologically active material (such as an
antibody or antigen) into especially in order to treat or prevent a
disease.

9. CONTINUE :
3.INCUBATION :incubation, the maintenance of uniform conditions of
temperature and humidity to ensure the development of eggs or, under
laboratory conditions, of certain experimental organisms, especially
bacteria.
• The phrase incubation period designates the time from the
commencement of incubation to hatching.
• The process in which a bird, etc. keeps its eggs warm until the young
come out, or the process in which an egg develops until the stage at
which the young come out.
• Incubation period The incubation period varies depending on the
time of year when the eggs were laid.

10. CONTINUE :
3.ISOLATION : In microbiology, the term isolation refers to the
separation of a strain from a natural, mixed population of living
microbes.
• Present in the environment, for example in water or soil, or from
living beings with skin flora, oral flora or gut flora, in order to identify
the microbe(s) of interest.
• Microbial isolation technique is an attempt to grow microorganisms
outside of their natural environment.
• Separation of microorganisms outside the environment aims to
obtain bacterial cultures that are no longer mixed with other bacteria
called pure cultures.

11. CONTINUE :
4.INSPECTION :Inspection is also known as observation, where you look
at the microorganism through a microscope.
• as microorganisms are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.
• Identification is the practical use of classification criteria to distinguish
certain organisms from others, to verify the authenticity or utility of a
strain or a particular reaction, or to isolate and identify the organism
that causes a disease.
• Simple terms, inoculation in microbiology is the process of
introducing microbes into a culture media so that it reproduces there.

12. CONTINUE :
5.IDENTIFICATION :Identification is the practical use of classification
criteria to distinguish certain organisms from others, to verify the
authenticity or utility.
• Microbial identification can be defined as “microbial characterization
by a limited spectrum of tests pre-chosen and appropriate to the
problem being studied.
• Essential for correct disease diagnosis, treatment of infection and
trace-back of disease outbreaks associated with microbial infections.
• Taxonomy is the classification, nomenclature and identification of
microbes (algae, protozoa, slime moulds, fungi, bacteria, archaea and
viruses).

13. ADVANTAGES OF IN SITU
BIOAGUMENTATION :
• At sites where soil and ground water are contaminated with
chlorinated ethanes, such as tetrachloroethylene and
trichloroethylene, bioaugmentation
• Ensure that the in situ microorganisms can completely degrade these
contaminants to ethylene and chloride, which are nontoxic in nature.
• They can reduce the risks of exposure and secondary contamination,
minimize the disturbance of the site, and lower the costs and time of
remediation.
• It is a natural way to protect animals and plants.

14. DISADVANTAGE OF IN SITU
BIOAGUMENTATION :
• A few of the impacts include: Chemical alterations: When
microorganisms use organic contaminants and electron acceptors,
inorganic compounds are produced.
• As a result, the concentration of inorganic carbon rises while the
electron acceptors fall.
• The habitats of endangered species might be fragmented, and the
available area may not be sufficient to ensure their survival. There
might be a significant decrease in genetic diversity, which can affect
the overall health of the species.

15. SOLID PHASE BIOAGUMENTATION:
• Bioaugmentation is the addition of microorganisms that have the
ability to biodegrade recalcitrant molecules in the polluted
environment.
• This approach is less-costly and friendlier to environment compared
to the physico-chemical approaches.
• The rationale of this approach is to enhance the degree or rate of
degradation of the complex pollutants by the addition of pollutant-
degrading microorganisms.
• Biological augmentation is the addition of archaea or bacterial
cultures required to speed up the rate of degradation of a
contaminant.

16. SLURRY PHASE SYSTEM :
• Description: Slurry phase biological treatment comprises of the
treatment of excavated soil in a bioreactor.
• The soil is initially processed to separate out any stones and rubble
that may be present.
• Slurry-phase biological treatment is performed in a reactor to
remediate a mixture of water and excavated soil.
• The soil is mixed with water to a concentration that is determined by
the proportions of the contaminants in soils, the rate of
biodegradation, and the physical nature of the soils.

17. ADVANTAGES OF EX SITU
AGUMENTATION :
• The main advantage of ex situ treatment is that it generally requires
shorter time periods than in situ treatment, and there is more
certainty about the uniformity of treatment because of the ability to
homogenize, screen, and continuously mix the soil.
• However, ex situ methods also have some disadvantages, such as high
costs, high energy consumption, large volumes of waste, and
potential environmental impacts of transportation and disposal.
• Examples of ex situ processes include land treatment and
composting. In these processes, soils are excavated, mixed with
amendments, and operated in a manner that facili tates degradation
of the contaminants of concern.

19. DISADVANTAGE OF EX SITU
BIOAGUMENTATION :
• Limitations of ex situ conservation include maintenance of organisms
in artificial habitats, deterioration of genetic diversity, inbreeding
depression, adaptations to captivity, and accumulation of deleterious
alleles.
• It has many constraints in terms of personnel, costs, and reliance on
electric power sources.
• Ex-situ conservation keeps animals and plants safe from external
threats and educates the public about conservation efforts.
• However, ex-situ conservation is expensive and can impact the
behaviour and genetic diversity of animals in captivity.

21. THANK YOU.. 😊