The document discusses neurophysiology and provides information on the brain and nervous system. It notes that the central nervous system contains around 100 billion neurons and 10-50 times as many glial cells. It also discusses different types of cells in the brain like motor neurons and glial cells. The document then outlines several neurological conditions, lesions, and their effects, including lower motor neuron paralysis from polio, upper motor neuron lesions causing changes to reflexes, and hypothalamic lesions potentially causing obesity.

1. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
INTRODUCTION

2. 100 billion neurons
10 – 50 times glial cells, CNS is a complex organ, 40% genes participate in its formation
Neurons have evolved from primitive neuroeffector cells
Functional unit
Normal brain function :- synaptic activity, ECF homeostasis, energy metabolism, & n.protect
cerebral ischaemia, seizures, neurodegenerative disorders, c. edema
GLIAL CELLS

3. α-motor neuron
Neuromuscular junction – Ach
M E P
EPP
Action potential
Ca
Excitation – contraction coupling
Polio virus
Lower motor neuron paralysis

4. Upper motor neuron lesion – cortico-spinal tract – spinal animal
Association areas – frontal cortex – ideation
Spinal shock
Reflex arc – monosynaptic reflex / polysynaptic reflex – stretch
reflex – γ. Efferent discharge – muscle spindle contractile part
Reticular formation – vital centres – area for consciousness – G.A.
Decerebrate rigidity
Midline space occupying lesion & thalamus
Cerebral conning

5. 4S suppressor strip – stretch reflex – mental retardation
Sensory/motor ataxia
Speech
Hypothalamus
LESIONS:
-peripheral nerve injury
-polio
-LMN/UMN lesion
-ataxia
-aphasia
-hypothalamic obesity