Projected visuals refers to media formats like slides, filmstrips, and overhead transparencies where still images are projected onto a screen through a series of lenses. Opaque projection allows the projection of non-transparent materials by reflecting light off the surface rather than transmitting light through it. While opaque projection allows for on-the-spot projection of various classroom materials, it requires a dark room and produces dimmer images due to its less optically efficient process of reflected projection. Overhead projection allows presenters to face their audience while manipulating materials through marking and pointing, but printed materials must first be made into transparencies.

1. PROJECTED VISUAL
Presented by Abd. Ghofur, M. Pd

2. Projected visuals refers to media
formats in which still images are
projected onto a screen

3. Such projection is usually achieved by
passing a strong light through
transparent film, it magnifying the
image through a series of lenses, and
casting the this image onto a
reflective surface.
 Examples : overhead transparencies, slides, and
film-strips)

4. Opaque projection
 It is a method for projectin opaque visuals by
reflecting light off the material rather than
transmitting light through it.
 The opaque projector was among the first
audio visual devices to come into wide-sprea
use and is still used because of its unique
ability to project a magnified image of two
dimensional materials and some three-three
dimensional objects.

5. Opaque projection
 The opaque projector works by directing a
very strong incandenscent light (typcally
about 1000 watts) down onto the material.
 This light is reflected upward to strike a
mirror which aims the light beam through a
series of lenses onto a screen

6. Opaque projection
The process of reflected, or indirect,
projection is optically less efficient than the
direct projection process used for showing
slides, filmstrips, and overhead
transparencies.
Consequently, the image on the screen is
dimmer and much more complete room
darkening is required

7. Advantages
 Opaque projection allows on the spot projection
of readily available classroom materials, such as
maps, newspapers, and illustrations from books
and magazines
 It permits group viewing and discussion of
student work, such as drawings, student
composition, solutions to math problems, and
the like
 Three dimensional objects especially relatively
flat ones such as coins, plant leaves, and insect
speciements, can be magnified for close up
inspection

8. Disadvantages
 Should be in darkening room
 Heavy to move
 High wattage lamp generate
 Raising the room temperature
 The heat may damage the object/materials
being projected

9. Overhead projection
 The projector is operated from the front of
the room with the presenter facing the
audience, allowing the direct eye contanct to
be maintained
 A variety of materials can be projected,
including cutout silhouttes, small opaque
objects, and many type of transparencies

10. Overhead projection
 Projected materials can be manipulated by
the presenter.You can point to important
items, high-light them with colored pens, add
details during the lesson (notes, diagrams,
etc) by marking on the transparancy with a
marking pen, cover par of the message and
progressively reveal information in a step-by-
step procedure.

11. limitations
 The effectiveness of overhead projection
presentations is heavily dependent on the
presenter.
 The overhead projector cannot be
programmed to display visual sequences by
itself, nor is an audio accompaniment
provided.
 The projection system is deigned for large-
group presentation

12. Limitation
 Printed materials and other non-transparent
items, such as magazine illustrations, cannot
be projected immediately, as is possible with
the opaque projector.
 To use the overhead system such materials
have to be made into transparancies by
means of some sort of “production” process

13. Slides
 The term slide refers to a small format
photographic trasparency individually
mounted for one at a time projection
 As photographic equipment is continually
refined and simplified, more and more
amateur are able to procedure their own
slides.