16.islam

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The document discusses the rise and global impact of Islamic empires from the 7th century onwards. It introduces key topics like the Prophet Muhammad, the expansion of Islam, and the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates. Islamic civilizations spread across Africa, India, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia, helping create the first globalized world through trade and cultural exchange. As Islam spread, it was transformed by and transformed the regions it encountered.

Education

THE RISE OF ISLAMIC
EMPIRES: GLOBALIZATION
(Version 1.0)

IMPACT OF ISLAMIC
WORLD
Islamic civilizations
 penetrated and was transformed by
the regions into which it spread:
Africa, India, Central Asia, and SE
Asia
 helped create the first globalized
world due to trade
 challenged and was challenged by
European Christendom

The Prophet Mohammad:
Messenger of God


*Pilgrimage *Charity *Profession of Faith *Prayer *Ramadan fasting

632 CE: The First Four
Rightly Guided Caliphs


How did the Arab Muslims
treat conquered peoples?

 Dhimmis (= people of the book: Jews,
Christians, Zoroastrians) paid jizya (special
tax paid by non-Muslims) and were allowed
to practice as before
 Occupying armies stayed in garrison towns,
apart from local population – eventually
recruited from local populations
 Leaders adapted Roman and Persian
institutions

Umayyads:
Capital of Damascus, 661-750


A comparison with contemporary empires


‘There is no god except
God alone, he has no
partner; Muhammad is
the Messenger of God
whom he sent with
guidance and the religion
of truth that he may
make it victorious over
every other religion.’

Umayyad Caliphate flees to Spain,
750-1492


This document provides a brief overview of the history of Islam from its beginnings in the 7th century through the rise of the Ottoman Empire in the 15th-16th centuries. It mentions the original establishment of Islam in Mecca and Medina under the prophet Muhammad in the 620s CE, the early Muslim-Quraysh wars and Muhammad's victory at Badr in 624 CE. It then summarizes the Umayyad Caliphate from 661-750 CE based in Damascus, the Abbasid Caliphate from 750-1258 CE based in Baghdad, and concludes with the rise of the Ottoman Turks culminating in the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 CE.

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This chapter discusses the origins and expansion of Islam from 100 to 750 CE. It begins by covering pre-Islamic Arabia and the rise of Mecca as a trade hub. It then discusses the life of the Prophet Muhammad and the founding of Islam in the 7th century. Next, it summarizes the rapid expansion of the Islamic empire from 632 to 661 under the first four caliphs. It also discusses the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 750 and its further expansion. Finally, it describes early Islamic society and culture, including religious observances, Islamic law, and tolerance of other faiths.

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The document summarizes the early spread of Islam following the death of Muhammad in 632 CE. It describes how Abu Bakr became the first caliph and expanded the Muslim empire against the weakened Persian and Byzantine empires. By 750 CE, the Islamic empire stretched from Spain to India. The document also discusses the status of non-Muslims under Islamic rule and the succession disputes that led to the Sunni-Shia split in Islam.

Islam: Origins and Expansion

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Islam is a monotheistic religion founded by Muhammad in the 7th century AD. It has five main beliefs: one God called Allah, judgment day, acceptance of prophets including Moses and Jesus, Muhammad as the final prophet, and the Quran as the holy book. The religion spread rapidly from the 7th century onward through conquest and trade, reaching as far as Spain, India, and Russia. Islam split into the Sunni and Shia sects in the 7th century due to disputes over religious leadership. Both made major cultural and scientific contributions to fields like architecture, medicine, mathematics, and geography.

Islam after mohammed

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The four Rightly Guided Caliphs succeeded Muhammad as leaders of the Muslim community after his death - Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. However, disagreements over succession led to a split between Sunnis and Shias. Meanwhile, the Islamic empire expanded rapidly under the Umayyad dynasty, conquering lands from Persia to North Africa and establishing cities like Baghdad and Cordoba that became centers of trade, culture, and learning. Factors like military victories, treaties, merchant activity, and the introduction of new crops and technologies contributed to the spread of Islam across Afro-Eurasia.

The Rise of Islam

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The document summarizes the rise of the Arab Islamic Empire from 622-1450 AD in three parts: 1) The birth of Islam under Muhammad and the early conquests that unified Arabia from 622-632 AD. 2) The expansion of the Islamic empire through military conquest and conversion from 633-750 AD into North Africa, Spain, the Middle East and parts of India. 3) The cultural and intellectual golden age of the empire from 800-1255 AD, particularly in Spain, followed by its decline after the Mongol invasion and sack of Baghdad in 1258 AD.

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The founder of Islam was Muhammad in 7th century Arabia. Before Muhammad, Arabia consisted of many polytheistic tribes that fought over resources and trade. Islam is a monotheistic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims believe is the word of God. Muhammad was a merchant from Mecca who received a call from Allah and preached Islam, but moved to Medina in 622 after facing opposition from rich Meccan merchants. This event marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar. Muhammad later conquered Mecca in 628 and spread Islam throughout Arabia.

Middle East Year Review

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The document summarizes the major empires and events in Mesopotamian history from 4000 BCE to 600 CE, including the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, and Persian Empires. It also covers the rise of Judaism and early Islamic history, including the life of Muhammad and the establishment of the first Islamic caliphates and sects following his death. The Code of Hammurabi established some of the first codified laws and the Babylonian Empire became an important trade center.

Muhammad's successors expanded Islam rapidly after his death in 632. By 750, the Muslim empire stretched from Spain to India under the early caliphs. However, internal conflicts emerged, including a split between the Sunni and Shi'a over who should lead the Muslim community. The Umayyad dynasty took power but was eventually replaced by the Abbasids in 750. This established the Muslim capital in Baghdad and further expanded Islamic rule, though independent states also emerged.

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Islam is connected to Judaism and Christianity through its monotheistic beliefs and recognition of prophets like Moses and Jesus. The five pillars of Islam are the Shahadah, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj. Muhammad received revelations from God and these were compiled into the Quran after his death. The expansion of Islam led to major caliphates like the Umayyads and Abbasids and the emergence of the Sunni-Shia split. Islamic civilization made important contributions to medicine, mathematics, and architecture.

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The document summarizes the early development of Islam. It describes how Islam originated in Mecca on the Arabian Peninsula under the prophet Mohammed. Mohammed began receiving revelations from God in 610 CE and started preaching the teachings of Islam. However, this threatened the local polytheistic traditions and economy in Mecca, which depended on pilgrimages to the Kaaba. Mohammed and his followers faced persecution, so they migrated to Medina in 622 CE, an event known as the Hijra. In Medina, Mohammed established the first Muslim community and the five pillars of Islam: the shahadah (faith), salat (prayer), zakat (alms), sawm (fasting during Ramad

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The document provides an overview of the Muslim world from 600-1250 CE. It discusses how tolerance of other cultures and a focus on learning helped Muslim leaders build a large empire that stretched across parts of Asia, Africa, and Europe. Key events mentioned include the rise of Islam under Muhammad, the expansion of the Muslim empire under early caliphs, and the growth of Muslim culture and learning centers in major cities under later caliphates.

The Spread Of Islam

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The document discusses the early expansion of Islam following the death of Muhammad. It summarizes that under the first two caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar, the Islamic empire grew rapidly to include Syria, Persia, and parts of North Africa within 25 years and additional territories like parts of India and Spain within 100 years. It also explains how the Islamic community divided between the Sunni and Shia sects following disagreements over succession after the death of the third caliph Uthman. Specifically, some protested Ali's selection as caliph due to his relation to Uthman's killers, leading to ongoing tensions.

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The document provides an overview of the rise of Islam, including key terms, locations of Muslim-majority countries, and historical trade routes in the Arabian Peninsula. It summarizes the early life of the Prophet Muhammad, including his revelations and the Hijrah migration. The main beliefs and practices of Islam are outlined, including the Five Pillars and sources of authority like the Quran and hadith.

Islam 2º ESO

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Islam originated in the 7th century in the Arabian Peninsula. The prophet Muhammad received revelations from God and began preaching the religion of Islam. After Muhammad's death, his followers spread Islam across Asia, North Africa, and parts of Europe. Islam is a monotheistic faith that believes in one God and that Muhammad is his final prophet. The religion's core beliefs and practices are outlined in the Five Pillars of Islam.

Islam Expands

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The Muslims created a vast empire in the 7th-8th centuries CE that spanned three continents despite internal conflicts. Under the early "Rightly Guided" caliphs, Muslim armies rapidly conquered lands using disciplined troops and taking advantage of weak Byzantine and Persian empires, spreading Islam through conquest and missionary work. However, struggles for power led to the rise of the Umayyad dynasty and theological divisions between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims. By 750 CE, the Abbasid dynasty had come to power ruling over a vast Muslim empire with territories in western Asia, North Africa, and the Iberian Peninsula (Spain).

Islam: Origins

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The document discusses the origins and rise of Islam. It describes how the prophet Muhammad received revelations from God in Mecca in the 7th century AD and began preaching monotheism, that there is only one God, Allah. Muhammad and his followers faced opposition from Meccans and fled to Medina in 622 AD. By 630 AD, Muhammad and his followers had gained control over Mecca. Upon Muhammad's death in 632 AD, Islam had spread across the Arabian Peninsula. The document outlines the Five Pillars of Islam that are the core beliefs and practices of the Muslim faith.

AP WH Chap 08 PPT

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The document provides an overview of the origins and rise of Islam from 600-1200 CE. It discusses: 1) The origins of Islam in Arabia in the 7th century CE under the prophet Muhammad and the formation of the Umma Islamic community. 2) The rapid military conquests of the early Islamic caliphates from the 7th-8th centuries CE that expanded the new religion throughout the Middle East, North Africa and into Spain. 3) The decline of the Abbasid caliphate from the 9th century CE as the Islamic world politically fragmented, though religious identity was maintained by scholars, and various regional powers rose to prominence.

Rise and Spread of Islam

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Islam originated in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century CE under the teachings of the prophet Muhammad. It then rapidly expanded across the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Asia through both military conquests and peaceful missionary activities. Key beliefs include monotheism, five pillars of faith, and sharia law. The religion experienced divisions between the Sunni and Shi'a sects following a dispute over leadership succession. The expansion of Islam was aided by developments like the camel saddle which improved travel across deserts. Major Islamic empires included the Abbasid Caliphate centered in Baghdad and various sultanates in places like India and West Africa.

Spread of Islam

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Islam spread rapidly across Arabia in the decades following the prophet Muhammad's death in 632 CE. Arab armies conquered vast lands, reaching as far as Spain by 711 CE and establishing an empire that stretched from Spain to Pakistan. However, the lack of a clear succession plan after Muhammad caused conflicts between those who supported Muhammad's son-in-law Ali and the Umayyad clan who ultimately took control. This split Muslims into the Sunni and Shi'a branches that remain today. The Umayyads went on to establish their capital at Damascus and build a powerful caliphate, though internal rivalries remained.

Rise, Spread and Impacts of Islam

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Islam originated in the 7th century AD on the Arabian Peninsula. The religion was founded by the prophet Muhammad after he began receiving revelations from God (Allah) at age 40. Muhammad's teachings were based on strict monotheism and he and his followers faced persecution in Mecca, leading to the migration (Hijra) to Medina in 622 AD which marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. Islam then rapidly spread across Asia, Africa, and parts of Europe through military conquests and trade routes, establishing a large empire with political and cultural influence. Key beliefs include submission to Allah as the one true God and Muhammad as his final prophet. The Quran is the holy text and the five pillars provide a

The origins of islam sswh5ab

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The document summarizes the origins and early history of Islam. It describes how Muhammad began receiving revelations from God in 610 CE and established the basic beliefs and practices of Islam. It discusses the migration of Muhammad's followers to Medina in 622 CE and the expansion of the Muslim community. The document also outlines the split between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims that emerged from a power struggle after Muhammad's death over who would lead the Muslim community.

Module Three Notes Presentation

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The document provides information on Islamic civilization, including the life and teachings of Muhammad, the major tenets of Islam, and the expansion and impact of Islam. It discusses Muhammad receiving revelations from God and establishing the religion of Islam. The two main branches of Islam, Sunni and Shiite, developed after Muhammad's death. Under Arab rule, the Islamic empire expanded across northern Africa and into Spain. The Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties ruled large Islamic caliphates during periods of cultural and economic prosperity, though divisions emerged over time.

The Rise of Islam

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The document summarizes the rise of Islam beginning with conditions in Arabia prior to Muhammad. It describes Muhammad's early life and religious experiences, including his first revelations from God. It then discusses how Muhammad spread the message of Islam in Mecca and Medina, and the establishment of the religion's core beliefs and practices. The expansion of Islamic rule through military conquests and trade is also summarized.

10.2 islam expands

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1) In spite of internal conflicts between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims, the Muslim empire expanded greatly under early caliphs and the Umayyad dynasty to span three continents. 2) The Abbasid dynasty replaced the Umayyads and moved the capital to Baghdad, consolidating power over a vast bureaucracy. 3) However, independent Muslim states and the Fatimid caliphate divided rule, and the Umayyads established control in Islamic Spain as the caliphate of al-Andalus.

Rise Of Islam

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The document discusses the origins and spread of Islam. It began in the 7th century CE in Mecca under the prophet Muhammad. Key beliefs include the oneness of God and Muhammad as his prophet. Islam spread rapidly through trade routes across the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia in its first few centuries, aided by concepts like jihad and the five pillars of faith. Major cities in the early Islamic empire included Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem.

Rise of islam

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The document summarizes the rise of Islam. It describes how the religion was founded in 610 AD by the prophet Muhammad in Mecca and spread across the Arabian Peninsula and beyond through military conquests under the first four caliphs. The Muslim empire grew rapidly to span over 6000 miles due to factors like disciplined armies and allowing conquered peoples to keep their faith if they paid a tax. However, internal divisions later emerged between the Sunni and Shia over who should lead the Muslim community after Muhammad.

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The document discusses the origins and spread of Islam from the 7th to 12th centuries. It describes how the Islamic civilization absorbed influences from previous cultures like Greece, Rome, Judaism and Christianity. Muhammad founded Islam in 610 after receiving revelations, and the religion spread rapidly under subsequent caliphates. Key beliefs include monotheism, five pillars of faith, and prohibitions on images which influenced Islamic art forms like calligraphy and arabesque designs. The golden age of the Abbasid caliphate saw advances in science, philosophy and architecture.

Arabic Islamic World

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The document provides an overview of pre-Islamic Arabia and the early history and spread of Islam. It describes the nomadic lifestyle in pre-Islamic Arabia and the rise of Mecca and Medina as trading centers. It then summarizes Muhammad's life and the key events in the founding of Islam, including the Hijra and establishment of the Umma. Finally, it outlines the expansion of the Islamic empire under the early caliphs and the establishment of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties.

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The Umayyad Caliphate began in 661 AD after Mu'awiyah defeated the fourth caliph Ali and established the Umayyad dynasty. The Umayyads expanded the Islamic empire significantly through military conquests. They also standardized the administration of the empire by establishing boards to oversee finances, correspondence, and other functions. The Umayyads made Damascus their capital and ruled over a vast territory, spreading Islam widely during their rule. However, internal conflicts and the rise of the Abbasid revolutionary movement eventually led to the downfall of the Umayyad dynasty in 750 AD.

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The islamic civilization

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The Islamic civilization began in Arabia in the 7th century CE with the rise of the prophet Muhammad and the religion of Islam. Some key events included Muhammad receiving revelations from God and founding the religion of Islam, the migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, and the subsequent spread of Islam across the Middle East, North Africa, and into Spain. The Islamic civilization was centered around five pillars of Islam including the belief in one God and practices such as daily prayer and pilgrimage. The Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties ruled large Islamic empires during the 7th-13th centuries CE, contributing to advances in fields such as medicine, science, literature, economy, and

Mahoma

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Islam originated in the 7th century in the Arabian Peninsula. It was promoted by the preaching of Muhammad, who received revelations from God that were recorded in the Quran. Muhammad began preaching in Mecca but faced opposition, so he migrated to Medina where he established the first Muslim community. From there, Islam expanded rapidly through military conquests after Muhammad's death, establishing a caliphate that stretched from Spain to India within the next hundred years.

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Muhammad spread the beliefs and practices of Islam through conquest. His successors built an empire stretching from Spain to India. In the 7th century, a split created the Sunni and Shiite sects of Islam. The nomadic Arabs originated from the Arabian Peninsula and organized into tribes. Muhammad received revelations from God through the angel Gabriel and founded Islam, with beliefs including monotheism, following the Five Pillars of Islam, and adhering to Sharia law.

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The Umayyad clan was initially opposed to Muhammad but later embraced Islam and became a powerful Muslim family. After Muhammad's death, the Umayyads led the majority Sunni Muslims while some broke away to form the Shiite minority who believed leadership should remain within Muhammad's family. The Umayyads rapidly conquered territories across North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Europe until being halted at the Battle of Tours in 732. Their rule ended when the Abbasid family revolted in 750 and established their capital in Baghdad, moving the empire's center away from Syria.

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the concept of islamic and civilizationn

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Since Islam originated and has developed in an Arab culture, other cultures which have adopted Islam have tended to be influenced by Arab customs. Thus Arab Muslim societies and other Muslims have cultural affinities, though every society has preserved its distinguishing characteristics. Islamic culture inherited an Arab culture born in the desert, simple but by no means simplistic. It has an oral tradition based on the transmission of culture through poetry and narrative. However, it has been the written record that has had the greatest impact on civilization. Islam civilization is based on the value of education, which both the Qur'an and the Prophet stressed. One of the distinctive features of the Islamic tradition is its rapid expansion into a large and diverse civilization, soon becoming divided into several centers of political authority. Although the Prophet’s activities were mostly limited to the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant, after his death the first four “Rightly Guided” caliphs sent armies to conquer Syria, Egypt, Iraq and parts of Persia, which were then within the declining Byzantine and Persian empires.

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