1. Aim: How did the Islamic Empire affect the societies which it conquered? Analyze the map of the spread of Islam. To where does the religion spread? How long did it take for Islam to spread to these areas? How do you think it was able to spread so quickly?

2. Present day Bedouin homes The Bedouin people were tribal and nomadic Some had settled down into towns and engaged in trading.

3. Camels feeding on grass near the Desert

4. Bedouin watching his flock in the desert

5. Oasis in the middle of the desert. Oases were scattered. Where they were you had cities or towns. Trade routes would go from city to city, following the oases.

6. Large oasis near the city of Medina

7. Small Arab Oasis

8. Major Incense Trade Routes

9. Incense Road The 2,000-foot Jebel Mahrat escarpment blocks the monsoon rains, creating a microclimate where frankincense trees grow. In the hidden valley at Sarif, spring-fed ponds have been cooling weary desert travelers for 6,000 years.

10. The City of Petra Located in present-day Jordan, Petra grew rich from the spice trade. During the late Hellenistic and Imperial period local worthies engaged in a fantastic array of construction, carving Greco-Roman façades from the living rock.

11. Another important city was Mecca

13. The Rise of Islam “ Submission to the Will of Allah” Entrance to the Ka’ba Muhammad Preaches the word of Allah

18. Gaining Influence and Followers in Medina

24. The Battle of Badr

26. War continues and Mohammed conquers Mecca in 630. He spares the populace that had opposed him and most convert to Islam. He proceeds to destroy all the idols in the Kaaba. Hence, Islam takes root.

27. Muhammad at the Ka’ba. The Ka’ba predates Islam. It was originally a pagan site with hundreds of idols surrounding it. In 630, Muhammad and his followers returned to Mecca as conquerors, and he destroyed the 360 idols in and around the Ka’ba. While destroying each idol, Muhammad recited [ Qur'an 17:81 ] which says "Truth has arrived and falsehood has perished for falsehood is by its nature bound to perish.” The Ka’ba

29. The revered "black stone" (Alhajar Al-Aswad) is a special divine meteorite, that fell at the foot of Adam and Eve. It is presently embedded in the southeastern corner of the Kaba. The Black Stone A 1315 illustration from the Persian Jami al-Tawarikh, inspired by the story of Muhammad and the Meccan clan elders lifting the Black Stone into place when the Kaaba was rebuilt in the early 600s

30. The Maqam Ibrahim is located in front of the only door of the Ka’ba. Inside the building is a boulder about 2 x 3 feet in size and that claims to have the footprint of Abraham which was imbedded when his foot miraculously sank into the rock when he stood on it. Muslims believe that this is the spot where Abraham used to perform prayers near the Kaba. They also believe he used it as a stepping stone to build the Ka’ba. The Maqam Ibrahim In order to complete the upper part of the walls of the Ka’ba, Ibrahim stood upon a large stone block which he moved along when each section was completed. When the Ka’ba was finished, the large stone block was left outside the Kaaba, close to the eastern wall of the sanctuary. It became known as the Maqam Ibrahim (the station of Ibrahim) and it stands today is the place where Ibrahim offered up his prayers.

33. Each pilgrim wears a simple draping garment so that everyone is equal. The Hajj

36. Islam Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance Middle East, Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem 622 C.E. Spread North Africa, S.E.Asia, U.S. Founded by Muhammad- Prophet – Koran Five Pillars of Faith: Allah is one true God, Prophet is Muhammad Pray Five times a day facing Mecca Almsgiving – give to the poor Ramadan – Fasting Hajj – Pilgrimage to Mecca Can not eat pork, gamble, drink alcohol, smoke Jihad – Struggle in God’s service Led to Islamic Empires Umayyad Caliphate, Abbasids, Ottoman, Mughal Shiite-Sunni Split Crusades – Holy wars Missionary religion

38. The Rise of Islam Muhammad unified the Arabic people both politically and through the religion of Islam The Mighty Sword Fair Treatment The Will of Allah Divide & Conquer Match each with the correct phrase above. Muslims were united in their belief in Islam, and were inspired to spread the word of Allah Byzantine and Persian Empires were weakened from fighting against each other Muslim rulers treated conquered fairly; many converted to Islam; non-Muslims must pay a special tax, but could practice freely Arabs were strong fighters

39. The Rise of Islam Muhammad unified the Arabic people both politically and through the religion of Islam The Mighty Sword Fair Treatment The Will of Allah Divide & Conquer Muslims were united in their belief in Islam, and were inspired to spread the word of Allah Byzantine and Persian Empires were weakened from fighting against each other Muslim rulers treated conquered fairly; many converted to Islam; non-Muslims must pay a special tax, but could practice freely Arabs were strong fighters

45. The Expanding Caliphates

47. “ As with other sects in Islam, there is no question regarding the ultimate source of all their belief: it's the Koran – the word of God. One source, one book, one code – differences are in the interpretation of things not specifically mentioned. All sects also agree on the precedence set by the practices established by the Prophet Mohammed except for some differences regarding the reliability of different sources and references. Differences stem from questions of details of practice or life, government, marriage, inheritance, minor differences in prayer time, determining when the moon is born, etc.” Divisions Within Islam

56. Umayyad Expansion What is the advantage of moving their capital to Damascus?

65. Abbasid Art and Architecture Great Mosque at Samarra Calligraphy Paintings