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Caliphate is a glorious past of Muslims, all over the world. Muslim community always needs a rightly guided caliphate. So it's my simple work to remember Our glorious History of caliphate and how we lose that.
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1. The Rise of Islam
https://www.flickr.com/photos/36801477@
N07/3392426129/
2. The Rise of Islam
Arabian Peninsula
• borders the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and
Mediterranean Sea
• Different parts of the region were controlled by
Byzantine and Sassanid(Persian) Empires.
• Mostly deserts, farming difficult—most people
were herders
• Bedouins—Tribes of Arab herders of sheep and
camels.
• Southwest Asia (Middle East) was bridge
between Asia, Africa, and Europe where goods
were traded and ideas shared.
3. 5. Groups of the Middle East Today
Group Language Place
Persians
Farsi’ Iran
Arabs
Arabic 20+ nations
Turks
Turkish Turkey
Israelis
Hebrew Israel
Others
Kurds, Berbers and Armenians
4. The Prophet Muhammad
1. born in 570 in
Mecca (modern day
Saudi Arabia)
2. as caravan trader
came into contact w/
Jews and Christians
3. 610—had a
vision, Angel Gabriel
told him he was a
prophet
622—forced to leave
Mecca and flee to
town of Medina
Muhammad became
a military leader and
had many followers
in Medina.
Muhammad
returned to Mecca in
630
5. The Principles of Islam
Judaism
1st monotheistic religion
Christianity
Built on Judaism
Islam
Included both Christian and Jewish beliefs.
The steps to creating
the 3 monotheistic
religions.
6. Important Terms in Islam
Islam The religion. Means: Surrender to God
Muslim Followers of Islam. Means: One who surrenders
Qur’an Holy book of Islam
Mosques Places where Muslims worship
7. The Five Pillars of Islam
Faith Prayer Alms Fasting Pilgrimage
There is only
one God and
Muhammad
is his
prophet
must pray
5 times a
day facing
Mecca
Give to the
poor
Can’t eat or
drink from
sun up to
sun down
in the holy
month of
Ramadan
Must visit
Mecca once
in your
lifetime.
8. Restrictions Qur’an Sunna Shari’a
no pork or
alcohol
Can only be
studied in
Arabic
Muhammad
is the best
example of
proper
living
Muslim
Laws
10. The “Rightly Guided Caliphs”
632-Muhammad
died. He did not
leave guidelines on
how the next caliphs
would be chosen.
01
The “Rightly Guided
Caliphs” four caliphs
who followed
Muhammad and all
knew him personally.
02
Abu Bakr
•1st caliph after Muhammad
•Declared jihad against tribes who gave
up Islam and refused to pay tax.
•Extended control over all of Arabian
Peninsula
•Jihad: Two meanings
•Greater jihad: the personal fight to do
what is right.
•Lesser jihad: armed struggle against
NON-BELIEVERS
03
11. Expansion of the Muslim Empire
Under the second caliph
of Umar, Muslims
conquered Syria, lower
Egypt, and parts of the
Sassanid (Persian) Empire.
Under the next two
caliphs and by 750 the
empire stretched 6000
wide.
12. Reasons for
Muslim
Success
Soldiers believed that
faithful Muslims seek to
spread the religion.
Muslim armies were
well-disciplined
Byzantine and Sassanid
empires were
weakening
Muslims did not have to
pay a tax
Conquered people were
allowed to keep their
own faith, they just had
to pay an extra tax.
13. Split in Islam
3rd and 4th
caliphs,
Uthman and
Ali were
assassinated.
• moved capital from Mecca to Baghdad
• gave up the idea of Sunna and lived
lavish lifestyle
• small group of Muslims rejected
Umayyad rule—they felt only
descendants of Muhammad
should rule
Umayyad
Gain Control
14. Sunna v Shi’a
Sunni Shi’a
Meaning: followers of
Muhammad’s way of life
Meaning: party of Ali
(descendants of Muhammad)
Believed Muslim leaders should
follow Sunna
• Believed that all Muslim
leaders should be descendants
of Muhammad
Percent of Population Today:
83%
Percent of Population Today:
16%
15. Abbasid Empire
Abbasid killed all members of
the Umayyad Dynasty except
one prince who escaped and set
up a caliphate (dynasty) in Spain
Muslim advance into Europe
was stopped at the Battle of
Tours in 750.
16. Muslim Culture and the Golden Age
Muslim Empire Thrived
because it was a good
location for trade through
the Mediterranean Sea
and access to the Great
Silk Road
01
Prosperity led to focus in
science, math, and
philosophy
02
Social Structure in the
Golden Age:
•1st: MUSLIMS AT BIRTH
•2nd: MUSLIM CONVERTS
•3rd: PROTECTED GROUPS—JEWS
AND CHRISTIANS
•4th: SLAVES—NONE WERE
MUSLIMS
03
17. Women in the
Muslim Empire
expected to be managed by men
had more legal rights than women
of other civilization at the time
period
Life became more restrictive as
time went on.
18. RELIGION FOUNDING DATES FOUNDERS MAIN BELIEFS AND PRACTICES
Judaism 1500 b.c. Hebrew 10 Commandments
Torah
HINDUISM Around 1500 b.c.
In India
Aryans and the Indus
Valley People
Caste System
Reincarnation
Karma/Dharma
BUDDHISM
520 b.c.
Siddhartha Guatama Reincarnation
4 Noble Truths
Eight-fold path
Nirvana
CHRISTIANITY
0 b.c
Jesus
10 Commandments
Jesus was son of God
Bible
ISLAM
610 a.d. Muhammad
Five Pillars
Qur’an
19. Hijab: is
a veil traditi
onally worn
by Muslim w
omen in the
presence of
adult males
outside of
their
immediate
family,
which
usually
covers the
head and
chest.
The niqab is worn in the Arab
countries of the Arabian Peninsula
such as Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman,
and the United Arab Emirates
