This document provides a brief overview of the history of Islam from its beginnings in the 7th century through the rise of the Ottoman Empire in the 15th-16th centuries. It mentions the original establishment of Islam in Mecca and Medina under the prophet Muhammad in the 620s CE, the early Muslim-Quraysh wars and Muhammad's victory at Badr in 624 CE. It then summarizes the Umayyad Caliphate from 661-750 CE based in Damascus, the Abbasid Caliphate from 750-1258 CE based in Baghdad, and concludes with the rise of the Ottoman Turks culminating in the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 CE.

2. Introduction:
Islam Today

5. The Beginnings of Islam

8. A Port in Yemen Today

9. Bedouins

12. The Prophet’s Mosque Today
Originally established c. 622

16. Muslim-Quraysh Wars
624-630

18. Muhammad at Badr

21. Mecca

22. Great Mosque of Mecca Today

23. Ka’ba, 2009

24. Ka’ba, c. 1910

25. Mecca in 1850

26. Great Mosque of Mecca
17th-c. Turkish Tile

30. The Ummayad Caliphate
661-750

34. Great Ummayad Mosque
and Treasury
Damascus, Syria, 715

38. The Abbasid Caliphate
750-1258

39. Abbasid Caliphate
Darker Green: Lost Early On

42. Abbasid Palace, Baghdad, c. 1200

43. Mustansiriya Madrasah
Baghdad, 1233

44. Oldest Surviving Minaret in
Baghdad, 13th c.

45. Malwiyya Minaret
Samarra, Iraq, 847-61

47. Mongol Siege of Baghdad, 1258

48. Mongol Siege of Baghdad

49. The Rise of the
Ottoman Turks

52. Ottoman Archer

53. Siege of Constantinople, 1453
1455 Manuscript

54. Siege of Constantinople
Jean Chartier, 15th c.

55. The Entry of Mohamet II into Constantinople
Benjamin Constant, 1876

56. Suleiman Mosque, Istanbul
1550-57