The document discusses the early expansion of Islam following the death of Muhammad. It summarizes that under the first two caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar, the Islamic empire grew rapidly to include Syria, Persia, and parts of North Africa within 25 years and additional territories like parts of India and Spain within 100 years. It also explains how the Islamic community divided between the Sunni and Shia sects following disagreements over succession after the death of the third caliph Uthman. Specifically, some protested Ali's selection as caliph due to his relation to Uthman's killers, leading to ongoing tensions.

1. The Spread of Islam Objectives: Explore how the Muslims expanded their empire. Explain why the islamic community divided.

2. Expansion Under Abu Bakr and ‘Umar Muhammad died in A.D. 632 CALIPH = successor to the Prophet Abu Bakr = Prophet who brought arabic tribes together and began to expand Islam’s influence. ‘ Umar = Prophet who continued the expansion, share empire’s wealth, Persian Empire and Iraq

3. 25 years of Muhammad’s death = Syria, Persia and part of North Africa. 100 years of Muhammad’s death = Part of India, western North Africa, several islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Spain. Arab policy: Fierce and fearless in war. Treaties without battle Tolerant Taxes

6. Compare the Islam with the Catholic Religion ISLAM CATHOLIC

7. The Islamic Community divides SUNNI SHI’AH ‘ Umar successor ‘Uthman murdered ‘ Uthamn favored his clan. ‘ Uthman’s relatives Mu’awiyah protested because Ali became the caliph. Sunni: way of the prophet or habitual practice. Believed that habitual agreement among the Muslim people should settle religious matters. Mu’awiyah’s descendants killed Alis’ son Husayn. Ali was chosen to succeed ‘Utham as calpih. He was accused of helping the killers. Ali assassinated. The Shi’ah believed that Ali’s descendants called imams, should decide religious and worldly matters. 10% of the world’s Muslim are Shi’ah SUFI Muslim mystics such as Rabi’ah al-’Adawiyah. Tried to live simple lives centered on God. Gods faith was the only mark of a person’s worth.

9. The Empire continues to spread The Moors: Crossed the Mediterranean at the great rock, which became known as Jabal Tariq or Mount Tariq, in honor to their ruler. The Rock of Gibraltar. They conquered Spain, croosed over the Pyrenees to central France, but they defeated them. Ruled parts of Spain for more than 700 years..

10. The Turks and Isalm: Turkish from Central Asia, in contact with Arab and Muslim Persians from the Middle East. Supported Islamic law. Asultan ruled the Turks which serve the caliph. Turks control Baghdad and dominate the Islamic world. In A.D. 1000 Turkish Muslims seized Syria, Mesopotamia and Asia Minor. In A.D. 1250 Christians captured cities in the West and in the East the Mongols destroyed Baghdad. The Empire continues to spread

13. Section 2 Review DEFINE AND IDENTIFY: Calip`h: Imams: Sultan: Abu Bakr: ‘ Umar Sunni Shi ah:

14. Sufi Tariq: Moors: Rabi’ah al-’Adawiyah:

15. Categorizing Organized the areas that the Muslims conquered during the expansion. ARABS TURKS YEARS AREAS